
Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16
Published: May 29, 2025
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) immunotherapy has been revolutionized by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), yet response heterogeneity persists due to dynamic tumor-immune interactions. This review summarizes recent studies in understanding tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) biology, highlighting CD8 + cytotoxic T cells and regulatory (Tregs) as pivotal regulators of surveillance suppression. We summarize emerging biomarkers such TCR clonality, spatial distribution lymphocytes (TILs), exhaustion markers including PD-1, TCF1, TIM-3, which predict inhibitor (ICI) efficacy beyond PD-L1 expression. specifically describes radiotherapy-induced immunogenic remodeling peripheral dynamics innovative strategies monitor resistance mechanisms. By integrating results from single-cell omics AI-driven analysis, we propose multidimensional frameworks TIL NSCLC overcome optimize combinations. These insights collectively advance toward precision modulation the tumor microenvironment.
Language: Английский