The Impact of the Endocrine and Immunological Function of Adipose Tissue on Reproduction in Women with Obesity

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(17), P. 9391 - 9391

Published: Aug. 29, 2024

Obesity, which leads to metabolic dysregulation and body function impairment, emerges as one of the pressing health challenges worldwide. Excessive fat deposits comprise a dynamic biologically active organ possessing its own endocrine function. One mechanisms underlying pathophysiology obesity is low-grade systemic inflammation mediated by pro-inflammatory factors such free fatty acids, lipopolysaccharides, adipokines (including leptin, resistin visfatin) cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, Il-6), are secreted adipose tissue. Together with obesity-induced insulin resistance hyperandrogenism, exacerbated immune response has negative impact on hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis at all levels directly affects reproduction. In women, it results in disrupted ovarian function, irregular menstrual cycles anovulation, contributing infertility. This review focuses abnormal intracellular communication, altered gene expression signaling pathways activated obesity, underscoring multifactorial character consequences molecular level. Extensive presentation complex interplay between adipokines, cytokines, cells neurons may serve foundation for future studies search potential sites more targeted treatment reproductive disorders related obesity.

Language: Английский

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Hypertriglyceridemia in equines with refractory hyperinsulinemia treated with SGLT2 inhibitors

Open Veterinary Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 365 - 365

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Background: Sodium-Glucose CoTransporter-2 [SGLT2] inhibitors, the -flozin group of drugs, which block glucose reuptake in renal proximal tubule, are being increasingly used off-label to treat horses with refractory hyperinsulinemia. After two years use by animals our group, a horse on canagliflozin was incidentally noted be hyperlipemic. Case Description: We have been following cohort equines (n=20) treated SGLT2 inhibitors due The owned members Equine Cushing’s and Insulin Resistance Group (ECIR) their attending veterinarians. index case 23 year old gelding 2 history recurring laminitis that began therapy control hyperinsulinemia no longer responsive metformin. Between 6-10 weeks post therapy, significant weight loss noticed. Two days later he hospitalized colic symptoms hyperlipemia but bright, alert eating well throughout. Canagliflozin discontinued triglycerides returned normal reference values within 10 days. Subsequent study 19 other revealed varying degrees hypertriglyceridemia, all asymptomatic. Conclusion: While this class drugs holds great promise for cases do not respond diet or metformin hypertriglyceridemia is potential side effect. In experience, remained asymptomatic well. Further possible mitigating effect indicated. To knowledge, first published report inhibitor treatment equines.

Language: Английский

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Liraglutide and polycystic ovary syndrome: is it only a matter of body weight?

Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 46(9), P. 1761 - 1774

Published: April 24, 2023

Despite Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a very prevalent disorder among women of reproductive age, there widespread agreement that until now, no pharmacological options are available to tackle the entire spectrum clinical manifestations encountered in practice. Obesity and insulin resistance, which commonly characterized this syndrome, prompted design studies investigating effects glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) PCOS. Indeed, impressive number randomized controlled trials (RCTs) systematic reviews provided robust evidence on effectiveness GLP-1RA PCOS as new, appealing approach, producing both satisfactory permanent weight loss, improvement resistance at same time. However, most subjects included RCTs patients with obesity/overweight, whereas portion women, can even reach 50%, might present lean phenotype. Moreover, some benefits metabolic features may not have fully emerged due low or medium doses employed vast majority current studies. Thus, pitfalls methodology these led sometimes misleading results. In addition, aspects GLP-1 beyond such preclinical directly modulating hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis, biochemical expression hyperandrogenism, still deserve greater insight, especially light possible therapeutic use independently obesity. Aim review further unravel role pathogenesis, tempting provide additional supports rationale treatment management also independent loss. For purpose, outcomes anthropometric changes been treated separately better underpin RA, particular liraglutide,

Language: Английский

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Food Cravings and Obesity in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Considerations

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(7), P. 1049 - 1049

Published: April 3, 2024

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, constitutes a metabolic frequently associated with obesity and insulin resistance (IR). Furthermore, PCOS often suffer from excessive anxiety depression, elicited by low self-esteem due to obesity, acne, hirsutism. These mood disorders are commonly food cravings binge eating. Hypothalamic signaling regulates appetite satiety, deteriorating consumption. However, hypothalamic function is incapable compensating for surplus PCOS, leading aggravation vicious circle. Hyperandrogenism, IR, reduced secretion cholecystokinin postprandially, leptin defined receptors' knockout hypothalamus have been implicated pathogenesis dysfunction dysregulation. Diet modifications, exercise, psychological medical interventions applied alleviate disorders, interrupting Cognitive-behavioral intervention seems be mainstay treatment, while role agents, such as GLP-1 analogs naltrexone/bupropion, has emerged.

Language: Английский

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Association of insulin resistance surrogates with live birth outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing in vitro fertilization

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: Jan. 11, 2025

Insulin resistance (IR) is a common pathophysiologic feature in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, there have been no studies investigating the association of IR surrogates pregnancy outcomes women PCOS undergoing vitro fertilization (IVF). Therefore, we explored between these factors among patients. We conducted retrospective study that included who underwent IVF at university-affiliated hospital. Blood samples and physical examinations are collected reproductive center on fasting morning 2nd to 4th day menstrual cycle prior medication. categorized participants into "Non-IR group" (HOMA-IR < 2.2) "IR ≥ 2.2). The [triglyceride-glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI), triglyceride-glucose (TyG) homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR)] was evaluated by regression analysis. Moreover, also performed sensitivity analyses stratification interaction tests. primary outcome variable live birth rate. A total 543 were finally study. In all three models for fresh embryo transfer (ET) cycles, showed stable negative correlations rate (in Model III: TyG-BMI OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98 ~ 0.99; TyG 0.47, 0.27 0.82; HOMA-IR 0.84, 0.72 0.97; P 0.05), this across subgroups population (all P-interaction > 0.05). relationship did not exist frozen-thawed (FET) cycles. Furthermore, our found superior predicting ET cycles [TyG-BMI: 0.64 (95% 0.58, 0.69) vs. TyG: 0.61 0.55, 0.67) HOMA-IR: 0.60 0.67)]. Our revealed (TyG-BMI, HOMA-IR) negatively associated rates FET

Language: Английский

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