Gut microbiota and its impact on critical illness

Current Opinion in Critical Care, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 27, 2025

Purpose of review This narrative discusses the mechanisms connecting gut dysbiosis to adverse clinical outcomes in critically ill patients and explores potential therapeutic strategies. Recent findings In recent years, study microbiota ICUs has gained attention because its effects on patient outcomes. Critically often face severe conditions, which can compromise their immune systems lead opportunistic infections from bacteria typically harmless healthy individuals. The relationship between aggressive medical treatments composition remains unclear. Dysbiosis, characterized by reduced microbial diversity loss beneficial bacteria, prolonged immunosuppression increased pathogenic risks, contributing organ failure. advancements multiomics technologies have enhanced understanding host–microbe interactions implications critical care. Summary plays an important role shaping for patients. According evidence, alterations lung are associated with disease severity, mortality, overall recovery. Evolving research opens possibilities personalized medicine tailoring based individual profiles, though applications still developing.

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiota Influences Developmental Anesthetic Neurotoxicity in Neonatal Rats

Anesthesia & Analgesia, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 3, 2025

BACKGROUND: Anesthetic exposure during childhood is significantly associated with impairment of neurodevelopmental outcomes; however, the causal relationship and detailed mechanism developmental anesthetic neurotoxicity remain unclear. Gut microbiota produces various metabolites influences brain function development host. This referred to as gut-brain axis. may influence caused by sevoflurane exposure. study investigated effect changes in composition gut after fecal transplantation on spatial learning disability neonatal rats. METHODS: Neonatal rats were allocated into Control (n = 10) Sevo groups Experiment 1 20) Sevo+FMT 2, according randomly mothers’ group. The exposed 2.1% for 2 hours postnatal days 7 13. group received immediately samples obtained from nonanesthetized healthy adult Behavioral tests, including Open field, Y-maze, Morris water maze, reversal maze performed evaluate ability 26 39. RESULTS: revealed that altered composition. relative abundance Roseburia (effect value: 1.01) Bacteroides genus 1.03) increased exposure, whereas Lactobacillus −1.20) decreased significantly. improved latency target (mean ± SEM; group: 9.7 8.2 seconds vs, 2.7 2.4 seconds, d =1.16, 95% confidence interval: −12.7 −1.3 P .019) zone crossing times (Sevo 1.6 5.4 1.4, =1.99, 2.0–5.0, < .001) test. Microbiota analysis α-diversity transplantation. Similarly, Firmicutes phylum 1.44), Ruminococcus 1.69), butyrate-producing bacteria Furthermore, concentration butyrate induced histone acetylation mRNA expression brain-derived neurotrophic factor hippocampus, thereby suppressing neuroinflammation neuronal apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS: alternation influenced neurotoxicity. Modulation be an effective prophylaxis children.

Language: Английский

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The pathogenesis of ventilator-associated pneumonia: old and new mechanisms

Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 14, 2025

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), defined as a lung infection that occurs in patients after 48 hours on mechanical ventilation, is among the most frequently found nosocomial infections intensive care units around world and associated with increased morbidity, mortality, economic burden. We review classical mechanisms of VAP development explore more recent ones, such dysbiosis, which has changed our view pathogenesis disease; whereas past lower respiratory tract was classically considered sterile organ, use new diagnostic techniques shown lungs healthy humans are inhabited by large, dynamic ecosystem microorganisms. Dysbiosis disruption this key factor VAP. Recent findings have demonstrated host immunity microbiome-regulated and, consequently, profoundly affected dysbiosis. In paper significance microbiome-immunity crosstalk pathophysiology will be discussed. A deeper understanding should help to devise preventive, therapeutic strategies for reducing incidence condition improving patient prognosis.

Language: Английский

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Air Swallowing and Breathing Exercises Reduce the Severity of Acute Gastroesophageal Reflux Symptoms and Give a Clue into the Role of Oxygen in Digestion: A Case Report with Extended Discussion

Qeios, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6(4)

Published: May 1, 2024

A case is reported where a patient, after using tooth whitening gel containing the active ingredient hydrogen peroxide over 2 days, found that expected onset of postprandial gastroesophageal reflux symptoms (RS) did not occur. Hydrogen can also be formed when oxygen in air dissolves water contained gut lumen and so role oxygen, rather than potentially toxic peroxide, was investigated as treatment for RS. Air swallowing provide to lumen, breathing exercises supply from blood epithelium. (ASBE) were performed required 34 it single ASBE session (3-8 30 seconds) brought temporary relief RS 1-2 hours. Up 3 sessions resolved 74% reducing need take antacid tablets. To understand impact could have on RS, oxidation potential calculated mmol electrons/100 ml (2-3 breaths) swallowed air, compared values antioxidant content various foods. It 100 has oxidize 1 serving coffee, red wine, or orange juice, known refluxogenic trigger foods cause Based finding reduce brief review plays digestion, hypothetical model digestive proposed. For model, digesting food more oxygenated esophageal regions triggered by high antioxidants react with create an inadequate necessary aerobic resulting reflux. As resolve all ≈26% remaining unresolved, considered only part complex mechanism.

Language: Английский

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New Insights into Hepatic and Intestinal Microcirculation and Pulmonary Inflammation in a Model of Septic Shock and Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in the Rat

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(13), P. 7421 - 7421

Published: July 6, 2024

Despite significant efforts toward improving therapy for septic shock, mortality remains high. Applying veno-arterial (V-A) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in this context controversial. Since the cannulation of femoral artery V-A ECMO return leads to lower body hyperoxia, study investigated impact on intestinal and hepatic microcirculation during shock a rodent model. Thirty male Lewis rats were randomly assigned receive with low (60 mL/kg/min) or high (90 blood flow sham procedure. Hemodynamic data collected through pressure-volume catheter left ventricle lateral tail artery. Septic was induced by intravenous administration lipopolysaccharide (1 mg/kg). The received lung-protective ventilation therapy. measured micro-lightguide spectrophotometry after median laparotomy two hours. Systemic pulmonary inflammation detected via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) plasma bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), respectively, measuring tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukins 6 (IL-6) 10 (IL-10), C-X-C motif ligands 2 (CXCL2) 5 (CXCL5). Oxygen saturation relative hemoglobin concentration reduced therapy, independent rate. Further, treated also presented elevated systolic, diastolic, mean arterial pressure increased stroke volume, cardiac output, ventricular end-diastolic volume. However, only high-flow Blood gas analysis revealed dilutional anemia ELISA showed an CXCL2 BAL CXCL5 concentrations low-flow Rats undergoing exhibited impaired intestine liver despite output. Increased shock.

Language: Английский

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Air Swallowing and Breathing Exercises Reduce the Severity of Acute Gastroesophageal Reflux Symptoms and Give a Clue into the Role of Oxygen in Digestion: A Case Report with Extended Discussion

Qeios, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 8, 2024

A case is reported where a patient, after using tooth whitening gel containing the active ingredient hydrogen peroxide over 2 days, found that expected onset of postprandial gastroesophageal reflux symptoms (RS) did not occur. Oxygen in air dissolves water contained gut lumen to form peroxide, and so role oxygen, rather than potentially toxic was investigated as treatment for RS. Air swallowing can provide oxygen lumen, breathing exercises supply from blood epithelium. (ASBE) were performed required 34 it single ASBE session (3-8 episodes 30 seconds) brought temporary relief RS 1-2 hours. Up 3 sessions resolved 74% reducing need take antacid tablets. To understand impact could have on RS, oxidation potential calculated mmol electrons/100 ml (2-3 breaths) swallowed air, compared values antioxidant content various foods. It 100 has oxidize 1 serving coffee, red wine, or orange juice, known refluxogenic trigger foods cause Based finding reduce brief review plays digestion, hypothetical model digestive proposed. For model, digesting food more oxygenated esophageal regions triggered by high antioxidants react with create an inadequate necessary aerobic resulting reflux. As resolve all ≈26% remaining unresolved, considered only part complex mechanism.

Language: Английский

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Nutritional Intake in Venovenous ECMO Patients: A Single-Center Study in a North American PICU

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(22), P. 3813 - 3813

Published: Nov. 7, 2024

Multiple independent variables were analyzed to determine total nutritional intake (caloric and protein), while reviewing vasoactive inotrope scores (VISs).

Language: Английский

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