Vitamin D, infections and immunity

Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 23(2), P. 265 - 277

Published: July 29, 2021

Abstract Vitamin D, best known for its role in skeletal health, has emerged as a key regulator of innate immune responses to microbial threat. In cells such macrophages, expression CYP27B1, the 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1α-hydroxylase, is induced by immune-specific inputs, leading local production hormonal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin (1,25D) at sites infection, which turn directly induces genes encoding antimicrobial peptides. signaling active upstream and downstream pattern recognition receptors, promote front-line responses. Moreover, 1,25D stimulates autophagy, mechanism critical control intracellular pathogens M. tuberculosis . Strong laboratory epidemiological evidence links vitamin deficiency increased rates conditions dental caries, well inflammatory bowel diseases arising from dysregulation handling intestinal flora. also cascades that antiviral immunity; 1,25D-induced peptide CAMP/LL37, originally characterized antibacterial properties, component Poor status associated with greater susceptibility viral infections, including those respiratory tract. Although severity COVID-19 pandemic been alleviated some areas arrival vaccines, it remains important identify therapeutic interventions reduce disease mortality, accelerate recovery. This review outlines our current knowledge mechanisms action system. It provides an assessment potential supplementation infectious diseases, up-to-date analysis putative benefits ongoing crisis.

Language: Английский

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Involvement of the secosteroid vitamin D in autoimmune rheumatic diseases and COVID-19

Nature Reviews Rheumatology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(5), P. 265 - 287

Published: March 28, 2023

Language: Английский

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Prevalence of Micronutrient Deficiencies in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19: An Observational Cohort Study

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(9), P. 1862 - 1862

Published: April 29, 2022

A higher risk for severe clinical courses of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been linked to deficiencies several micronutrients. We therefore studied the prevalence eight different micronutrients in a cohort hospitalized COVID-19-patients.

Language: Английский

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Insufficient evidence for vitamin D use in COVID‐19: A rapid systematic review

International Journal of Clinical Practice, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 75(11)

Published: July 26, 2021

Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to the increased severity of numerous viral infections.

Language: Английский

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Vitamin D Deficiency Meets Hill’s Criteria for Causation in SARS-CoV-2 Susceptibility, Complications, and Mortality: A Systematic Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 599 - 599

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

Clinical trials consistently demonstrate an inverse correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D; calcifediol] levels and the risk of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 disease, complications, mortality. This systematic review (SR), guided by Bradford Hill’s causality criteria, analyzed 294 peer-reviewed manuscripts published December 2019 November 2024, focusing on plausibility, consistency, biological gradient. Evidence confirms that cholecalciferol (D3) calcifediol significantly reduce hospitalizations, mortality, with optimal effects above 50 ng/mL. While vitamin requires 3–4 days to act, shows within 24 h. Among 329 trials, only 11 (3%) showed no benefit due flawed designs. At USD 2/patient, D3 supplementation is far cheaper than hospitalization costs more effective standard interventions. SR establishes a strong relationship 25(OH)D vulnerability, meeting criteria. Vitamin infections, deaths ~50%, outperforming all patented, FDA-approved COVID-19 therapies. With over 300 confirming these findings, waiting for further studies unnecessary before incorporating them into clinical protocols. Health agencies scientific societies must recognize significance results incorporate prophylaxis early treatment protocols similar viral infections. Promoting safe sun exposure adequate communities maintain 40 ng/mL (therapeutic range: 40–80 ng/mL) strengthens immune systems, reduces hospitalizations deaths, lowers healthcare costs. When exceed 70 ng/mL, taking K2 (100 µg/day or 800 µg/week) alongside helps direct any excess calcium bones. The recommended dosage (approximately IU/kg body weight non-obese adult) 50–100 cost-effective disease prevention, ensuring health outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Vitamin D and COVID-19: Clinical Evidence and Immunological Insights

Life, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 733 - 733

Published: April 30, 2025

Vitamin D has emerged as a potential modulator of immune responses, sparking interest in its role COVID-19 susceptibility and clinical outcomes. This review synthesizes current evidence explores immunological insights into the relationship between vitamin levels infection severity. Epidemiological studies indicate an inverse correlation deficiency increased risk severe disease, hospitalization, mortality patients. Immunologically, exerts regulatory effects on both innate adaptive immunity, enhancing antimicrobial defense mechanisms, reducing excessive inflammatory potentially mitigating cytokine storm events observed cases. Despite promising observational data, trials evaluating supplementation have shown mixed results, underscoring need for standardized dosing regimens patient stratification. Future research should focus large-scale randomized controlled to conclusively determine therapeutic optimal strategies managing COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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Unveiling the Interplay—Vitamin D and ACE-2 Molecular Interactions in Mitigating Complications and Deaths from SARS-CoV-2

Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(10), P. 831 - 831

Published: Oct. 16, 2024

The interaction of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with membrane-bound angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptors in epithelial cells facilitates viral entry into human cells. Despite this, ACE-2 exerts significant protective effects against coronaviruses by neutralizing viruses circulation and mitigating inflammation. While reduces expression, vitamin D increases it, counteracting virus's harmful effects. Vitamin D's beneficial actions are mediated through complex molecular mechanisms involving innate adaptive immune systems. Meanwhile, status [25(OH)D concentration] is inversely correlated severity, complications, mortality rates from COVID-19. This study explores which inhibits replication, including suppression transcription enzymes, reduced inflammation oxidative stress, increased expression antibodies antimicrobial peptides. Both hypovitaminosis elevate renin levels, rate-limiting step renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS); it ACE-1 but expression. imbalance leads to elevated levels pro-inflammatory, pro-coagulatory, vasoconstricting peptide angiotensin-II (Ang-II), leading widespread It also causes membrane permeability, allowing fluid infiltrate soft tissues, lungs, vascular system. In contrast, sufficient suppress reducing RAS activity, lowering ACE-1, increasing levels. cleaves Ang-II generate Ang

Language: Английский

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Effect of Single High Dose Vitamin D Substitution in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients with Vitamin D Deficiency on Length of Hospital Stay

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(5), P. 1277 - 1277

Published: April 25, 2023

Vitamin D and its role in the coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) pandemic has been controversially discussed, with inconclusive evidence about vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) supplementation COVID-19 patients. metabolites play an important initiation of immune response can be easily modifiable risk factor 25-hydroxyvitamin (25(OH)D3)-deficient This is a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind trial to compare effect single high dose followed by treatment as usual (TAU) daily until discharge versus placebo plus TAU hospitalized patients 25(OH)D3-deficiency on length hospital stay. We included 40 per group did not observe significant difference median stay (6 days both groups, p = 0.920). adjusted for factors (β 0.44; 95% CI: -2.17-2.22), center 0.74; -1.25-2.73). The subgroup analysis severe (<25 nmol/L) showed non-significant reduction intervention (5.5 vs. 9 days, 0.299). competing model death reveal differences between (HR 0.96, CI 0.62-1.48, 0.850). Serum 25(OH)D3 level increased significantly (mean change nmol/L; intervention: +26.35 control: -2.73, < 0.001). 140,000 IU + shorten but was effective safe elevation serum levels.

Language: Английский

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Effectiveness of Vitamin D Supplements among Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19: Results from a Monocentric Matched-Cohort Study

Healthcare, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(5), P. 956 - 956

Published: May 22, 2022

Objectives: Our study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of Vitamin D3 (VitD3) among patients hospitalized for COVID-19. The primary endpoint was difference in survival rates between receiving and not VitD3. secondary endpoints were clinical outcomes, such as needing non-invasive ventilation (NIV), ICU transfer, laboratory findings (inflammatory parameters). Methods: We conducted a retrospective, monocentric matched-cohort study, including attending our ward Patients divided into two groups depending on VitD3 administration (Group A) or B) with low VitD levels (defined blood < 30 ng/mL), which depended physicians’ judgment. internal protocol provides 100,000 UI/daily days. Findings: 58 included Group A, B. matched age, sex, comorbidities, COVID-19-related symptoms, PaO2/FiO2 ratio, exams, medical treatments. Regarding principal endpoint, there statistically significant [Group A vs. B = 3 11 (p 0.042)]. When considering endpoints, less likely undergo NIV 12 23 0.026)] showed an improvement almost all inflammatory parameters. Conclusions: link deficiency course COVID-19 during hospitalization suggests that level is useful prognostic marker. Considering safety supplementation cost, replacement should be considered SARS-CoV-2 infected hospitalization.

Language: Английский

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Impact of Zinc, Vitamins C and D on Disease Prognosis among Patients with COVID-19 in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(23), P. 5029 - 5029

Published: Nov. 26, 2022

Vitamin C, (ascorbic acid), vitamin D (cholecalciferol) and zinc (zinc sulfate monohydrate) supplements are important in immunity against coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). However, a limited number of studies have been conducted on the association vitamins with reduced risks COVID-19 infection. This study aims to evaluate as treatment options reduce severity COVID-19. Data were collected from 962 participants 13 December 2020 4 February 2021. The presence was confirmed by qRT-PCR. Chi-square test multivariate regression analyses conducted. ratio uptake C:vitamin D:zinc 1:1:0.95. Uptake significantly associated risk infection (OR: 0.006 (95% CI: 0.03–0.11) (p = 0.004)) 0.03 0.01–0.22) 0.005)). tendency taking 0.001), age 0.02), sex 0.05) residence 0.04). duration supplementation medication hospitalization 0.0001). Vitamins not 0.9) when taken through diet. Hospitalization 0.000001) access health facilities 0.0097) survival period participants. Participants better recovered early 6.21, 95% CI 1.56–24.7). will add knowledge field using supplements.

Language: Английский

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