Cancer Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 217421 - 217421
Published: Dec. 1, 2024
Language: Английский
Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: Jan. 20, 2025
Abstract Tumor-specific antigens, also known as neoantigens, have potential utility in anti-cancer immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), neoantigen-specific T cell receptor-engineered (TCR-T), chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-T), and therapeutic cancer vaccines (TCVs). After recognizing presented the system becomes activated triggers death of tumor cells. Neoantigens may be derived from multiple origins, somatic mutations (single nucleotide variants, insertion/deletions, gene fusions), circular RNAs, alternative splicing, RNA editing, polymorphic microbiome. An increasing amount bioinformatics tools algorithms are being developed to predict neoantigens different sources, which require inputs multi-omics data. In addition, calculating peptide–major histocompatibility complex (MHC) affinity can aid selecting putative high binding affinities facilitate presentation. Based on these approaches previous experiments, many resources were reveal landscape across types. Herein, we summarized tools, algorithms, provide an overview computational analysis for neoantigen discovery prioritization, well future development clinical utilities this field.
Language: Английский
Citations
1
Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19(1)
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
ABSTRACT SARS‐CoV‐2, which originated in China late 2019, quickly fueled the global COVID‐19 pandemic, profoundly impacting health and economy worldwide. A series of vaccines, mostly based on full SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike protein, were rapidly developed, showing excellent humoral cellular responses high efficacy against both symptomatic infection severe disease. However, viral evolution waning neutralizing strongly challenged vaccine long term effectiveness, mainly infection, making necessary a strategy repeated updated booster shots. In this vaccination context, antibody repertoire diversification was evidenced, although immune imprinting after doses or reinfection also demonstrated identified as major determinant immunological to antigen exposures. Considering that small domain receptor binding (RBD), is target antibodies concentrates most mutations, following text aims provide insights into ongoing debate over best strategies for boosters. We address relevance developing new vaccines evolving RBD, thus focusing relevant antigenic sites variants. combination with immunofusing computerized approaches could minimize imprinting, therefore optimizing efficacy.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Oncology Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19
Published: March 14, 2025
Advancements in personalized neoantigen-based cancer vaccines are ushering a new era oncology, targeting unique genetic alterations within tumors to enhance treatment precision and efficacy. Neoantigens, specific cells absent normal tissues, at the heart of these vaccines, promising direct immune system specifically against tumor, thereby maximizing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing side effects. The identification neoantigens through genomic proteomic technologies is central developing allowing for precise mapping tumor's mutational landscape. Despite advancements, accurately predicting which will elicit strong responses remains challenging due tumor variability complexity interactions. This necessitates further refinement bioinformatics tools predictive models. Moreover, heavily depends on innovative delivery methods that neoantigen presentation system. Techniques like encapsulating lipid nanoparticles using viral vectors critical improving vaccine stability delivery. Additionally, contribute towards achieving Sustainable Development Goal 3.8, promoting universal health coverage by advancing access safe effective treatments. review delves into potential transform treatment, examining both revolutionary advancements ongoing challenges they face.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Vaccines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 344 - 344
Published: March 24, 2025
Breast cancer (BC) remains a significant global health challenge due to its complex biology, which complicates both diagnosis and treatment. Immunotherapy vaccines have emerged as promising alternatives, harnessing the body’s immune system precisely target eliminate cells. However, several key factors influence selection effectiveness of these therapies, including BC subtype, tumor mutational burden (TMB), tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), PD-L1 expression, HER2 resistance, microenvironment (TME). subtypes play critical role in shaping treatment responses. Triple-negative breast (TNBC) exhibits highest sensitivity immunotherapy, while HER2-positive hormone receptor-positive (HR+) often require combination strategies for optimal outcomes. High TMB enhances responses by generating neoantigens, making tumors more susceptible checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs); whereas, low may indicate resistance. Similarly, elevated TIL levels are associated with better immunotherapy efficacy, expression serves predictor inhibitor success. Meanwhile, resistance an immunosuppressive TME contribute evasion, highlighting need multi-faceted approaches. Current immunotherapies encompass range targeted treatments. HER2-directed such trastuzumab pertuzumab, block dimerization enhance antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), small-molecule inhibitors, like lapatinib tucatinib, suppress signaling curb growth. Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) improve targeting coupling monoclonal antibodies cytotoxic agents, minimizing off-target effects. ICIs, pembrolizumab, restore T-cell function, CAR-macrophage (CAR-M) therapy leverages macrophages reshape overcome While particularly TNBC, has demonstrated promise eliciting durable responses, efficacy varies across subtypes. Challenges immune-related adverse events, mechanisms, high costs, delayed remain barriers widespread vaccines—including protein-based, whole-cell, mRNA, dendritic cell, epitope-based vaccines—aim stimulate tumor-specific immunity. Though clinical success been limited, ongoing research is refining vaccine formulations, integrating identifying biomarkers improved patient stratification. Future advancements will depend on optimizing through biomarker-driven approaches, addressing heterogeneity, developing innovative therapies By leveraging strategies, researchers aim ultimately
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 104715 - 104715
Published: April 1, 2025
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13
Published: April 24, 2025
Despite improved efficacy of breast cancer vaccine (BCV) made by multidisciplinary collaboration from fields such as materials science and computer science, clinical translation is still far satisfactory. Herein, we reviewed the evolution trajectory BCV summarized frontier topics challenges for achieving successful translation. Our analysis suggests that multi-omics immunoinformatics are increasingly being used to expand target repertoires, dedicated platforms facilitating precise spatiotemporal co-delivery epitopes immune modulators. has evolved towards delivery, strong properties, combined therapy. Clinical requires joint efforts experts in oncology, immunology, pharmacology, materials, science.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Cancer Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 217421 - 217421
Published: Dec. 1, 2024
Language: Английский
Citations
0