Detection and characterization of bovine coronavirus and rotavirus in calves in Ethiopia

BMC Veterinary Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Feb. 28, 2025

Abstract Background Bovine rotavirus A (BRVA) and bovine coronavirus (BCoV) cause significant diarrhea in young calves, leading to health issues economic losses the cattle industry. This study aimed detect molecularly characterize BRVA BCoV calves from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Fecal samples were collected 105 under six months old, both with without diarrhea. detected using quantitative real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR), followed by genome sequencing for phylogenetic analysis genotype determination. Results was found 3.8% of while 2.9%. The identified genotypes included G10, diarrheic G8, a non-diarrheic calf. All infections occurred calves. Phylogenetic spike protein 1 (S1) hypervariable region (HVR) hemagglutinin esterase (HE) gene revealed close relationships European Asian strains. S1 HVR current virus sequence PQ249423 100% identical at nucleotide level previously reported sequences Six amino acid substitutions HE BCoVs compared reference Mebus strain BCoV. showed that G8 clustered bovine, caprine, human strains, G10 viruses formed distinct cluster 99.37% similarity Ethiopia, displayed highest caprine isolate India. Gene segment indicated varying similarities human, porcine suggesting potential reassortment event involving artiodactyl, rotavirus. Conclusions demonstrates presence Ethiopian dairy provides insights into their genetic diversity. Genetic strains Europe Asia. genotypes, first time Future research should focus on broader sampling molecular characterization understand diversity devise effective control measures.

Language: Английский

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Bovine Coronavirus in diarrheic pre-weaned calves in Egypt: prevalence, risk factors, and the associated biochemical alterations

Tropical Animal Health and Production, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 57(2)

Published: March 1, 2025

Abstract Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is a common viral enteric pathogen responsible for diarrhea in newborn calves. Despite its economic significance, there limited research on this virus Egypt. This study aimed to detect the prevalence of BCoV, associated risk factors, and biochemical changes during infection. A cross-sectional included 196 pre-weaned diarrheic calves chosen randomly from 16 farms. Fecal samples were obtained these calves, questionnaire was administered investigate positivity BCoV potential factors. Moreover, blood collected evaluate infected Logistic regression models used assess strength factors with bovine coronavirus. The among 11.22%. final multivariate analysis revealed that infection 3.8, 5.96, 3.2 times higher males, age ≥ 15 days, winter season than female < other seasons, respectively. acute phase proteins inflammatory biomarkers changed compared healthy ones. results indicated calf age, gender, exposure cold temperatures Conversely, no evidence found support hypothesis linked locality or ground type. observed could assist early diagnosis provide valuable insights evaluating prognosis.

Language: Английский

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Bovine Coronavirus Prevalence and Risk Factors in Calves on Dairy Farms in Europe

Animals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(18), P. 2744 - 2744

Published: Sept. 23, 2024

This study evaluated prevalence and risk factors in health, management, biosecurity of bovine coronavirus (BCoV) neonatal weaned dairy calves on 125 farms Europe. Nasal fecal swabs from calves, fresh cows were analyzed for BCoV using RT-PCR, blood bulk milk samples collected antibody levels ELISA. Multiple logistic regression models with random effects herds used to evaluate the herd health status, husbandry, associated shedding (nasal and/or PCR positive samples) calves. was detected 80% 24% 23% 5% cows. The scored 109 dairies Biocheck.Ugent was, average, 60% (external score 71%, internal 47%), there no clear association between various measures Dry cow vaccination against reduced whereas it linked increased these farms. Several husbandry factors, including nutrition (transition feeding levels) management (group housing weaning age),

Language: Английский

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The Ex Vivo Infection of the Peripheral Bovine Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) and the Bovine Spleen Cells with the Bovine Coronavirus (BCoV) Induced a Differential Expression of the Host Cytokine Genes Profiles and Modulates the Virus Replication

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 2, 2024

Abstract The adaptive immune response during BCoV infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), the bovine spleen cells, and their isolated T lymphocytes was not studied well. Our study confirmed successful in PBMCs cells. This evidenced by measuring genome copy numbers using real-time PCR, expression levels spike nucleocapsid proteins via western blot immunofluorescence assays, virus infectivity titration plaque assay. In infected PBMCs, CD4 T-cell were 1.45-fold higher, CD8 1.6-fold lower compared to sham-infected Conversely, splenocytes showed a 0.88-fold decrease T-cells 1.88-fold increase T-cells. cytokine gene analysis revealed that activated type 1 interferon upregulated IL-6 splenocytes. These findings demonstrate successfully infects from spleen, inducing differential host favors replication.

Language: Английский

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The Ex Vivo Infection of the Peripheral Bovine Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) and the Bovine Spleen Cells with the Bovine Coronavirus (BCoV) Induced a Differential Expression of the Host Cytokine Genes Profiles and Modulates the Virus Replication

Virology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 600, P. 110259 - 110259

Published: Oct. 18, 2024

Language: Английский

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