Recurring incursions and dissemination of novel Eurasian-origin H5Nx avian influenza viruses in Atlantic Canada DOI Creative Commons
Ishraq Rahman, Cassidy N. G. Erdelyan, Anthony V. Signore

et al.

Virus Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Wild birds are important hosts of influenza A viruses (IAVs) and play an role in their ecology. The emergence the A/goose/Guangdong/1/1996 H5N1 (Gs/GD) lineage marked a shift IAV ecology, leading to recurrent outbreaks mortality wild from 2002 onwards. This has evolved diversified over time, with recent derivative being 2.3.4.4b sub-lineage, which caused significant events bird populations. An clade virus was transmitted into North America Eurasia 2021, first detection Newfoundland Labrador Atlantic Canada, this its reassortants then spread broadly throughout beyond. Following 2021 detection, there have been three additional known incursions Eurasian-origin strains second strain 2022 two H5N5 2023. In study, we document fifth incursion Canada that occurred 2023 by another strain. Quebec, infecting numerous species mammals. Genomic analysis revealed mammalian-adaptive mutations some detected (PB2-E627K PB2-D701N) hemagglutinin (HA) neuraminidase (NA) genes associated enhanced viral fitness avian transmission capabilities. Our findings indicate is continuing circulate wildlife, confirms American entry point for Eurasian IAVs. Continued surveillance genomic IAVs region crucial monitor evolution these assess potential risks wildlife public health.

Language: Английский

No Evidence of Anti-influenza Nucleoprotein Antibodies in Retail Milk from Across Canada (April to July 2024) DOI Creative Commons
Hannah L. Wallace, Jordan Wight,

Gabriela J. Rzeszutek

et al.

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 31, 2025

Abstract Following reports of HPAI H5N1 infections dairy cattle in the United States (US) March 2024, we established a Pan-Canadian Milk network to monitor retail milk Canada. samples from across Canada that had previously tested negative for influenza A virus (IAV) RNA were presence anti-IAV nucleoprotein (NP) antibodies, as an indicator past infection cattle. None 109 evidence NP antibodies. This is consistent with previous findings our academic group well others including federal testing initiatives have not found any IAV milk. Although surprising given no cases been reported date, this work further supports extensive outbreak US has extended northward into Canada, and integrity Canadian supply remains intact.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Examining avian influenza virus exposure in seabirds of the northwest Atlantic in 2022 and 2023 via antibodies in eggs DOI Creative Commons
Angela McLaughlin, Jolene A. Giacinti,

Sailendra Nath Sarma

et al.

Conservation Physiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract Seabirds are frequently infected by avian influenza virus (AIV), which prior to 2021 primarily consisted of low-pathogenic AIV with limited reports disease during infection. However, since highly pathogenic (HPAIV) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b was introduced North America in late 2021, HPAIV outbreaks seabirds have occurred multiple regions, high levels morbidity and mortality many species. While monitoring active viral infections is critical for tracking burden, exposure via antibody detection species that experienced large important identifying individual- population-level impacts on immunity survival. We capitalized ongoing egg collection programmes assess the prevalence antibodies against nucleoprotein (NP) hemagglutinin subtype 5 (H5) 523 eggs collected 2022 2023 from 11 seabird breed northwestern Atlantic, including samples eastern Canada two western Iceland. The varied across years. American common eider (Somateria mollissima dresseri) had highest compared sympatric 2023. Longitudinal were available northern gannets (Morus bassanus) herring gulls (Larus argentatus smithsoniansus) at several sites, where anti-NP anti-H5 increased Examining can be a useful tool investigate exposure, while we acknowledge our understanding differential waning rates relationship between titre susceptibility.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Bait trapping of waterfowl increases the environmental contamination of avian influenza virus (AIV) DOI Creative Commons
Cassandra L. Andrew, Landon McPhee, Kevin S. Kuchinski

et al.

Journal of Wildlife Management, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 3, 2025

Abstract Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5Nx clade 2.3.4.4b has circulated in North America since late 2021, resulting higher rates of morbidity and mortality wild birds than observed this region before. The objective study was to determine whether baiting, which is widely conducted Canada the United States as part waterfowl management practices (e.g., duck banding), influences occurrence (AIV) wetlands. We used a quasi‐experimental design, collecting superficial sediment samples ( n = 336) fecal 242) from paired baited (treatment) non‐baited (control) sites at 2 wetlands Saskatchewan, Canada, between August September 2022. visited sampling 3 times during period: prior commencement baiting activities t0 ), approximately 14 days after t1 24 t2 ). screened for AIV using real‐time reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT‐PCR) targeting matrix gene subjected PCR‐positive next‐generation sequencing. mixed‐effects logistic regression model estimate effect on odds positivity samples, while controlling clustering by wetland. At control sites, we did not detect evidence difference detection or versus ; however, were 5.43 (95% CI 1.99, 14.79) 8.73 3.29, 23.18) . detected HPAIV H5N1 1 treatment site following baiting. There also trend towards increased diversity sites; there insufficient power if these findings statistically significant. Overall, our results indicate that associated with localized increases environmental contamination, potentially creating concentrated areas accumulation. As such, wetland may pose risk wildlife population health through propagation those environments efforts replace, refine, reduce activity be warranted depending local ecosystem contexts cost‐benefit analyses.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
The True Extent of Avian Influenza Virus Infections: Knowns and Unknowns DOI
Hannah L. Wallace

Viral Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 14, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Recurring incursions and dissemination of novel Eurasian-origin H5Nx avian influenza viruses in Atlantic Canada DOI Creative Commons
Ishraq Rahman, Cassidy N. G. Erdelyan, Anthony V. Signore

et al.

Virus Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Wild birds are important hosts of influenza A viruses (IAVs) and play an role in their ecology. The emergence the A/goose/Guangdong/1/1996 H5N1 (Gs/GD) lineage marked a shift IAV ecology, leading to recurrent outbreaks mortality wild from 2002 onwards. This has evolved diversified over time, with recent derivative being 2.3.4.4b sub-lineage, which caused significant events bird populations. An clade virus was transmitted into North America Eurasia 2021, first detection Newfoundland Labrador Atlantic Canada, this its reassortants then spread broadly throughout beyond. Following 2021 detection, there have been three additional known incursions Eurasian-origin strains second strain 2022 two H5N5 2023. In study, we document fifth incursion Canada that occurred 2023 by another strain. Quebec, infecting numerous species mammals. Genomic analysis revealed mammalian-adaptive mutations some detected (PB2-E627K PB2-D701N) hemagglutinin (HA) neuraminidase (NA) genes associated enhanced viral fitness avian transmission capabilities. Our findings indicate is continuing circulate wildlife, confirms American entry point for Eurasian IAVs. Continued surveillance genomic IAVs region crucial monitor evolution these assess potential risks wildlife public health.

Language: Английский

Citations

2