Bioresources and Bioprocessing,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
11(1)
Published: Jan. 18, 2024
Abstract
This
study
delves
into
the
aroma
characteristics
and
microbial
composition
of
filler
tobacco
leaves
(FTLs)
sourced
from
six
distinct
cigar-growing
regions
within
Yunnan,
China,
following
standardized
fermentation.
An
integrated
approach
using
gas
chromatography-mass
spectrometry
(GC–MS),
electronic
nose
(E-nose),
microbiome
analysis
was
employed
for
comprehensive
profiling.
Results
derived
Linear
Discriminant
Analysis
(LDA)
E-nose
data
confirmed
presence
notable
variability
in
flavor
substance
profiles
among
FTLs
regions.
Additionally,
GC–MS
used
to
discern
disparities
volatile
organic
compound
(VOC)
distribution
across
these
regions,
identifying
92,
81,
79,
58,
69,
92
VOCs
each
respective
sample
set.
Significantly,
24
emerged
as
pivotal
determinants
contributing
heterogeneity
diverse
origins,
indicated
by
Variable
Importance
Projection
(VIP)
analysis.
Furthermore,
distinctions
free
amino
acid
content
chemical
constituents
were
observed
FTLs.
Of
noteworthy
significance,
solanone,
isophorone,
durene,
(-)-alpha-terpineol,
2,3'-bipyridine
exhibited
strongest
correlations
with
data,
fungal
microorganisms
exerting
a
more
pronounced
influence
on
metabolites,
elucidated
through
two-way
orthogonal
partial
least-squares
(O2PLS)
modeling.
These
findings
provide
theoretical
technical
basis
accurately
evaluating
synchronization
aromas
fermentation
processes,
they
will
enhance
quality
fermented
foster
growth
domestic
cigar
industry
ultimately.
Graphical
Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
11(1)
Published: May 8, 2024
Abstract
Background
Economic
benefits
for
tobacco
growers
are
closely
linked
to
the
quality
of
fermented
cigar
leaves
(CTLs).
This
research
focused
on
an
in-depth
examination
microbial
community
and
flavor
compounds
within
CTLs,
specifically
analyzing
wrapper,
binder,
filler
components
a
cigar.
The
primary
objective
was
unravel
complex
relationship
between
composition
resultant
profiles,
thereby
providing
insights
that
could
enhance
economic
value
CTLs.
Results
study
revealed
distinct
variations
in
chemicals
microbiota
across
different
sections
Prominent
species
identified
CTLs
included
Corynebacterium
,
Pseudomonas
Staphylococcus
Aspergillus
Cladosporium
.
Bidirectional
orthogonal
partial
least
squares
(O2PLS)
analysis
pinpointed
five
bacterial
four
fungal
as
key
contributors
compound
formation.
Additionally,
considering
Within-module
Among-module
connectivity
highlighted
two
thirteen
genera
keystone
species.
from
Partial
Least
Squares
Structural
Equation
Modeling
(PLS-SEM)
further
underscored
influential
role
microorganisms
defining
CTLs'
profile.
Conclusions
findings
illuminate
intricate
interplay
microbes
traditional
fermentation
process
Graphical
Agronomy,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(4), P. 880 - 880
Published: March 31, 2025
Solar
radiation
is
crucial
for
intercropping,
while
partial
shading
can
protect
intercropped
soybean
leaves
from
irradiation
damage
during
the
pod-ripening
period
under
high
solar
radiation.
This
study
explored
leaf
dynamics
and
quality
maize–soybean
system,
monoculture
(MS),
maize
(MM),
two-row
+
three-row
(IS2-3),
four-row
(IS4-4).
The
results
revealed
that
IS2-3
IS4-4
treatments
showed
increases
in
Rubisco
activity
of
59.8%
12.4%
compared
with
MS,
respectively.
antioxidant
capacity
MS
was
higher
than
intercropping
treatments.
Soybean
exhibited
alpha
beta
diversities
their
endophytes
MS.
relative
abundance
pathotrophs
reduced
by
19.1%
22.6%
to
those
IS4-4,
total
land
equivalent
ratio
(LER)
more
1.00,
increased
6.4%
15.7%
2023
2024,
seeds
4.1%
4.2%
crude
protein
content
Among
various
biosynthesis
metabolism
processes,
flavone
flavonol
exerted
a
stronger
influence
on
IS2-3,
IS4-4.
elevated
genistein
daidzein
Intercropping
treatments,
especially
maintained
health
enhanced
sole
treatment,
thus
guiding
design
areas
Microbiology Spectrum,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 24, 2025
ABSTRACT
The
purpose
of
this
study
was
to
elucidate
how
the
microbiota
affects
metabolic
state
and
characteristic
flavor
development
cigar
tobacco
leaves
(CTL)
in
fermentation
process
through
microbial
metabolism
co-metabolism
with
host.
results
showed
that
core
bacterial
communities
were
Cyanobacteria
,
Pseudomonas
Staphylococcus
Aspergillus
Penicillium
Inocybe
most
metabolically
active
fungi.
fulva
nepalensis
Bacillus
subtilis
Stenotrophomonas
rhizophila
Alternaria
alternata
cristatus
could
degrade
carbon
nitrogen
compounds,
such
as
protein,
starch,
lignin,
nicotine.
There
12
common
non-volatile
metabolites
three
volatile
DH,
LC,
PE,
YX
before
after
fermentation,
which
menatetrenone,
solanidine,
γ-glutamylphenylalanine,
carotol,
phenol,
4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)
significantly
different
fermentation.
synthesis
degradation
various
amino
acids,
alkaloids,
flavonoids
are
key
pathways
during
CTL
Co-occurrence
interaction
patterns
seven
bacteria
fungi
strictly
linearly
positively
or
negatively
correlated
72
55
respectively.
In
conclusion,
preliminarily
confirmed
is
a
microbially
mediated
carbon–nitrogen
coupling
metabolism.
carbohydrates
largely
decomposed
consumed,
providing
energy
sources
for
microorganisms
skeleton
required
cell
construction.
nitrogen-containing
macromolecular
compounds
degraded
form
precursors
typical
flavor.
IMPORTANCE
control.
Innovative
discoveries
functional
made
suggesting
potential
metabolisms.
We
demonstrate
first
time
leaf
Many
consumed
provide
source
construction
cells,
flavors.
Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 30, 2025
Abstract
There
is
still
a
lack
of
systematic
identification
the
substance
components
cigar
tobacco
leaves
(CTLs)
produced
under
different
ecological
conditions.
To
clarify
differences
between
from
Yunnan
and
Foreign
explore
potential
discriminant
biomarkers.
A
total
25
CTL
samples
were
selected
as
materials
5
production
areas
abroad
4
in
Yunnan.
The
metabolic
CTLs
determined
by
continuous
flow
method,
ion
chromatography,
GC-MS
MS/MS.
Compared
with
other
countries,
has
characteristics
lower
sugar-nicotine
ratio,
higher
starch,
pectin
lignin
content.
phenolic
acids,
alkaloids,
flavonoids,
amino
acids
derivatives,
terpenoids,
lipids
heterocyclic
compounds
main
CTLs.
248
150
volatile
non-volatile
differential
metabolites
obtained,
which
their
terpenoids
lipids.
12
biomarkers
identified
for
distinguishing
KEGG
enrichment
MetOrigin
analysis
showed
that
mainly
involved
biosynthesis
terpenes.
carbon
nitrogen
coupling
metabolism
mediated
microorganisms
enzymes
influenced
composition
content
This
study
provided
reference
improvement
technology
related
substances
style
Frontiers in Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: July 23, 2024
Introduction
Curing
is
a
critical
process
that
determines
the
sensory
quality
of
cigars.
The
impact
oxygen
on
cigar
curing
and
mechanisms
by
which
it
regulates
microbial
changes
affecting
are
not
well
understood.
Methods
In
this
study,
we
selected
handmade
cigars
from
same
batch
conducted
experiments
in
environments
with
varying
concentrations
(equivalent
to
0.1%,
6–12,
15%
atmospheric
concentration).
We
collected
samples
over
60
days
analyzed
distribution
communities
using
high-throughput
sequencing.
Combined
analysis
total
sugars,
proteins,
flavor
substances,
other
chemical
compounds,
elucidated
how
different
affect
process,
influence
community
succession,
ultimately
quality.
Results
Our
results
revealed
significant
differences
bacterial
composition
under
conditions.
Under
aerobic
conditions,
Cyanobacteria
were
dominant
bacteria,
while
oxygen-limited
Staphylococcus
Corynebacterium
predominated.
As
concentration
decreased,
so
did
richness
diversity
community.
Conversely,
had
lesser
fungi;
Aspergillus
was
genus
all
samples.
also
found
Enterococcus
showed
positive
correlation
aspartic
acid,
alanine,
4-aminobutyric
acid
negative
cysteine.
Cigars
cured
at
for
exhibited
optimal
quality,
particularly
terms
sweetness.
Discussion
These
findings
suggest
can
alter
regulating
anaerobic
succession.
relationship
between
specific
compounds
provides
theoretical
reference
developing
artificial
control
technologies
process.
