Pathogenic mechanisms of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC)

eLife, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: March 22, 2023

COVID-19, with persistent and new onset of symptoms such as fatigue, post-exertional malaise, cognitive dysfunction that last for months impact everyday functioning, is referred to Long COVID under the general category post-acute sequelae SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). PASC highly heterogenous may be associated multisystem tissue damage/dysfunction including acute encephalitis, cardiopulmonary syndromes, fibrosis, hepatobiliary damages, gastrointestinal dysregulation, myocardial infarction, neuromuscular neuropsychiatric disorders, pulmonary damage, renal failure, stroke, vascular endothelial dysregulation. A better understanding pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying essential guide prevention treatment. This review addresses potential hypotheses connect long-term health consequences. Comparisons between other virus-initiated chronic syndromes myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome postural orthostatic tachycardia will addressed. Aligning identifying potentially regulated common underlining pathways necessary true nature PASC. The discussed contributors include from injury one or more organs, reservoirs replicating virus its remnants in several tissues, re-activation latent pathogens Epstein-Barr herpes viruses COVID-19 immune-dysregulated environment, interactions host microbiome/virome communities, clotting/coagulation dysfunctional brainstem/vagus nerve signaling, dysautonomia autonomic dysfunction, ongoing activity primed immune cells, autoimmunity due molecular mimicry pathogen proteins. individualized suggests different therapeutic approaches required best manage specific patients.

Language: Английский

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ACE2 protein expression in lung tissues of severe COVID-19 infection

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: March 8, 2022

Abstract Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a key host protein by which severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) enters and multiplies within cells. The level of ACE2 expression in the lung hypothesised to correlate with an increased risk infection complications COrona VIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). To test this hypothesis, we compared status immunohistochemistry (IHC) post-mortem samples patients who died COVID-19 obtained from non-COVID-19 for other indications. IHC CD61 CD163 was performed assessment platelet-rich microthrombi macrophages, respectively. SARS-CoV-2 viral antigen also performed. In total 55, 44 were tested ACE2, 36 CD163, 26 CD61, 15 non-covid 19 control sections. Quantification immunostaining, random sampling, correlation analysis used substantiate morphologic findings. Our results show that significantly higher tissues than controls, regardless sample size. Histomorphology lungs showed diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), bronchopneumonia, injury detected subset cases. levels positively correlated CD163. conclusion, our disease, correlating macrophage infiltration microthrombi, suggesting pathobiological role disease severity.

Language: Английский

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Bench-to-bedside: Innovation of small molecule anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs in China

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 257, P. 115503 - 115503

Published: May 18, 2023

Language: Английский

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Natural Products, Alone or in Combination with FDA-Approved Drugs, to Treat COVID-19 and Lung Cancer

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(6), P. 689 - 689

Published: June 18, 2021

As a public health emergency of international concern, the highly contagious coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been identified as severe threat to lives billions individuals. Lung cancer, malignant tumor with highest mortality rate, brought significant challenges both human and economic development. Natural products may play pivotal role in treating lung diseases. We reviewed published studies relating natural products, used alone or combination US Food Drug Administration-approved drugs, active against acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cancer from 1 January 2020 31 May 2021. A wide range can be considered promising anti-COVID-19 anti-lung agents have gained widespread attention, including monotherapy for treatment SARS-CoV-2 (ginkgolic acid, shiraiachrome A, resveratrol, baicalein) (daurisoline, graveospene deguelin, erianin) FDA-approved anti-SARS-CoV-2 (cepharanthine plus nelfinavir, linoleic acid remdesivir) (curcumin cisplatin, celastrol gefitinib). demonstrated potential value assistance nanotechnology, drug therapies, codrug strategy, this “natural remedy” could serve starting point further development these

Language: Английский

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Asthma and COVID-19: an update

European Respiratory Review, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 30(162), P. 210152 - 210152

Published: Dec. 15, 2021

As the world faces coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic due to severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, concerns have been raised that asthma patients could be at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and severity. However, it appears is not an independent factor for both. Furthermore, over-represented in hospitalised with pneumonia there was no exacerbations triggered by SARS-CoV-2. There accumulating evidence phenotypes comorbidities are important factors evaluating severity, as findings suggest Th2-high inflammation may reduce SARS-Cov-2 severity contrast Th2-low asthma. The use inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) safe infection. has proposed ICS confer some degree protection against development reducing expression angiotensin converting enzyme-2 transmembrane protease serine lung. In contrast, chronic or recurrent systemic before a major poor outcomes worst survival patients. Conversely, biological therapy allergic eosinophilic does increase being infected having worse COVID-19 present review we will summarise current literature regarding COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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A compartmental model that predicts the effect of social distancing and vaccination on controlling COVID-19

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: April 14, 2021

Abstract The understanding of the interaction between disease dynamics and human behavior is an important essential point to control infectious. Disease outbreak can be influenced by social distancing vaccination. In this study, we introduce two compartmental models derive epidemic curve analyze individual’s in spreading controlling COVID-19 epidemic. first model includes Susceptible, Exposed, Infectious, Hospitalized, Recovered Death compartments second model, added a new compartment namely, semi-susceptible individuals that are assumed more immune than susceptible. A comparison shows provides better fit daily infected cases from Egypt, Belgium, Japan, Nigeria, Italy, Germany released WHO. Finally, vaccinated term predict how vaccination could was applied on record data

Language: Английский

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An Updated Review on SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Animals

Viruses, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(7), P. 1527 - 1527

Published: July 13, 2022

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has lasted for two years and caused millions of infections deaths in humans. Although the origin SARS-CoV-2 infection humans remains unknown, animals been frequently reported varieties all over world. Both experimental natural different animal species provide useful information on viral host range pathogenicity. As continues to evolve, will be expanding. In this review, we summarized testing as well strains transmission animals. Current data showed that at least 18 tested positive SARS-CoV-2. These belong pet, captive, farmed, wild Fifteen eighteen were known Delta variant ten infected with types variants. Human-to-animal, animal-to-animal, animal-to-human events suggested outbreaks involved Continued testing, immunization, surveillance are warranted.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 involvement in central nervous system tissue damage

Neural Regeneration Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 17(6), P. 1228 - 1228

Published: Nov. 17, 2021

As the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to spread globally, it became evident that SARS-CoV-2 virus infects multiple organs including brain. Several clinical studies revealed patients with COVID-19 infection experience an array of neurological signs ranging in severity from headaches life-threatening strokes. Although exact mechanism by which directly impacts brain is not fully understood, several theories have been suggested direct and indirect pathways induced virus. One possible theory invasion occurs either through bloodstream or via nerve endings considered be route. Such findings are based on reporting presence viral material cerebrospinal fluid cells. Nevertheless, mechanisms, blood-clotting abnormalities prolonged activation immune system, can result further tissue organ damages seen during course disease. This overview attempts give a thorough insight into highlights mechanisms leading manifestations observed infected patients.

Language: Английский

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Human gene polymorphisms and their possible impact on the clinical outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Archives of Virology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 166(8), P. 2089 - 2108

Published: May 2, 2021

Language: Английский

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Investigating the Presence of SARS CoV-2 in Free-Living and Captive Animals

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(6), P. 635 - 635

Published: May 21, 2021

Due to SARS CoV-2 recombination rates, number of infected people and recent reports environmental contamination, the possibility transmission animals can be expected. We tested samples dominant free-living captive wildlife species in Croatia for presence anti-SARS antibodies viral RNA. In total, from June 2020 until February 2021, we blood, muscle extract fecal 422 wild boars (Sus scrofa), red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) jackals (Canis aureus); blood cloacal swabs 111 yellow-legged gulls (Larus michahellis) 32 zoo animals. A commercially available ELISA (ID.Vet, France) as a confirmatory test, surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT; GenScript, Netherlands) were used. Fecal RNA by real-time RT-PCR protocol. Fifteen out 533 (2.8%) positive results detected; (3.9%), (2.9%) (4.6%). However, findings not confirmed sVNT. No was found. conclusion, no spillover occurred within investigated period (second COVID-19 wave). further investigation is needed, especially regarding sample features serological tests.

Language: Английский

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