Immune and Non-Immune Inflammatory Cells Involved in Autoimmune Fibrosis: New Discoveries DOI Open Access
Margherita Sisto, Sabrina Lisi

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(11), P. 3801 - 3801

Published: May 31, 2023

Fibrosis is an important health problem and its pathogenetic activation still largely unknown. It can develop either spontaneously or, more frequently, as a consequence of various underlying diseases, such chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases. Fibrotic tissue always characterized by mononuclear immune cells infiltration. The cytokine profile these shows clear proinflammatory profibrotic characteristics. Furthermore, the production mediators non-immune cells, in response to several stimuli, be involved fibrotic process. now established that defects abilities mediate regulation may pathogenicity series convergence several, not yet well identified, factors results aberrant epithelial endothelial fibroblasts, that, producing pro-inflammatory molecules, exacerbate condition leading excessive chaotic secretion extracellular matrix proteins. However, precise cellular mechanisms this process have been fully elucidated. In review, we explore latest discoveries on initiate perpetuate vicious circle abnormal communications between responsible for evolution

Language: Английский

Matrix metalloproteinases induce extracellular matrix degradation through various pathways to alleviate hepatic fibrosis DOI Open Access
Liang Shan, Fengling Wang,

Dandan Zhai

et al.

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 161, P. 114472 - 114472

Published: March 2, 2023

Liver fibrosis is the common consequence of various chronic liver injuries and mainly characterized by imbalance between production degradation extracellular matrix, which leads to accumulation interstitial collagen other matrix components. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) their specific inhibitors, that is, tissue inhibitors (TIMPs), play a crucial role in synthesis lysis. Previous vivo vitro studies our laboratory found repressing (ECM) restoring balance MMPs TIMPs can alleviate fibrosis. We conducted review articles published PubMed Science Direct last decade until February 1, 2023, were searched for using these words "MMPs/TIMPs" "Hepatic Fibrosis." Through literature review, this article reviews experimental based on MMPs/TIMPs, summarizes components may exert an anti-liver effect affecting expression or activity attempts clarify mechanism MMPs/TIMPs regulating homeostasis, so as provide support development drugs. MMP-TIMP-ECM interaction result better understanding pathogenesis progression hepatic from different angle, targeting be promising therapeutic strategy Additionally, we summarized analyzed drugs have been reduce changing ratio including medicine natural products.

Language: Английский

Citations

48
The role of tumor-associated macrophages in tumor immune evasion DOI Creative Commons

Ruizhe Huang,

Ting Kang, Siyu Chen

et al.

Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 150(5)

Published: May 7, 2024

Abstract Background Tumor growth is closely linked to the activities of various cells in tumor microenvironment (TME), particularly immune cells. During progression, circulating monocytes and macrophages are recruited, altering TME accelerating growth. These adjust their functions response signals from stromal Tumor-associated (TAMs), similar M2 macrophages, key regulators TME. Methods We review origins, characteristics, TAMs within This analysis includes mechanisms through which facilitate evasion promote metastasis. Additionally, we explore potential therapeutic strategies that target TAMs. Results instrumental mediating malignant behaviors. They release cytokines inhibit effector attract additional immunosuppressive primarily T cells, inducing exhaustion directly, influencing activity indirectly cellular interactions, or suppressing checkpoints. directly involved proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, Summary Developing innovative tumor-targeted therapies immunotherapeutic currently a promising focus oncology. Given pivotal role evasion, several approaches have been devised them. include leveraging epigenetics, metabolic reprogramming, engineering repolarize TAMs, inhibiting recruitment activity, using as drug delivery vehicles. Although some these remain distant clinical application, believe future targeting will offer significant benefits cancer patients.

Language: Английский

Citations

47
Macrophage plasticity: signaling pathways, tissue repair, and regeneration DOI Creative Commons
Lingfeng Yan, Jue Wang,

Xin Cai

et al.

MedComm, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(8)

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

Abstract Macrophages are versatile immune cells with remarkable plasticity, enabling them to adapt diverse tissue microenvironments and perform various functions. Traditionally categorized into classically activated (M1) alternatively (M2) phenotypes, recent advances have revealed a spectrum of macrophage activation states that extend beyond this dichotomy. The complex interplay signaling pathways, transcriptional regulators, epigenetic modifications orchestrates polarization, allowing respond stimuli dynamically. Here, we provide comprehensive overview the cascades governing focusing on roles Toll‐like receptors, signal transducer activator transcription proteins, nuclear microRNAs. We also discuss emerging concepts metabolic reprogramming trained immunity, contributing their functional adaptability. Macrophage plasticity plays pivotal role in repair regeneration, macrophages coordinating inflammation, angiogenesis, matrix remodeling restore homeostasis. By harnessing potential novel therapeutic strategies targeting polarization could be developed for diseases, including chronic wounds, fibrotic disorders, inflammatory conditions. Ultimately, deeper understanding molecular mechanisms underpinning will pave way innovative regenerative medicine engineering approaches.

Language: Английский

Citations

31
Systemic impacts of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) on heart, muscle, and kidney related diseases DOI Creative Commons

Reddemma Sandireddy,

Suganya Sakthivel,

Priyanka Gupta

et al.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: July 16, 2024

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously known as non-alcoholic fatty (NAFLD), is the most common disorder worldwide, with an estimated global prevalence of more than 31%. steatohepatitis (MASH), formerly (NASH), a progressive form MASLD characterized by hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. This review aims to provide comprehensive analysis extrahepatic manifestations MASH, focusing on chronic diseases related cardiovascular, muscular, renal systems. A systematic published studies literature was conducted summarize findings systemic impacts MASH. The focused association MASH metabolic comorbidities, cardiovascular mortality, sarcopenia, kidney disease. Mechanistic insights into concept lipotoxic inflammatory "spill over" from MASH-affected were also explored. are highly associated (50%-80%) other comorbidities such impaired insulin response, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension. Furthermore, 90% obese patients diabetes have Data suggest that in middle-aged individuals (especially those aged 45-54), independent risk factor for plays crucial role mediating pathological effects observed. Understanding multifaceted impact heart, muscle, early detection stratification. knowledge timely implementing management strategies addressing multi-organ involvement pathogenesis.

Language: Английский

Citations

27
Ferulic Acid: A Review of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Effects on Pulmonary Diseases DOI Open Access
Yiman Zhai, Tingyu Wang, Yunmei Fu

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(9), P. 8011 - 8011

Published: April 28, 2023

Ferulic acid (FA), a prevalent dietary phytochemical, has many pharmacological effects, including anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation been widely used in the pharmaceutical, food, cosmetics industries. Many studies have shown that FA can significantly downregulate expression of reactive oxygen species activate nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2/heme oxygenase-1 signaling, exerting anti-oxidative effects. The anti-inflammatory effect is mainly related to p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase factor-kappaB signaling pathways. demonstrated potential clinical applications treatment pulmonary diseases. transforming growth factor-β1/small mothers against decapentaplegic 3 pathway be blocked by FA, thereby alleviating fibrosis. Moreover, context asthma, T helper cell 1/2 imbalance restored FA. Furthermore, ameliorates acute lung injury inhibiting pathways via toll-like receptor 4, consequently decreasing downstream inflammatory mediators. Additionally, there moderate neuraminidase inhibitory activity showing tendency reduce interleukin-8 level response influenza virus infections. Although application broad prospects, more preclinical mechanism-based research should carried out test these settings. This review not only covers literature on effects mechanisms but also discusses therapeutic role toxicology several

Language: Английский

Citations

39
Monocytes and macrophages: emerging mechanisms and novel therapeutic targets in pulmonary fibrosis DOI Creative Commons
C.Y. Perrot, Τheodoros Karampitsakos, Jose D. Herazo‐Maya

et al.

AJP Cell Physiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 325(4), P. C1046 - C1057

Published: Sept. 11, 2023

Pulmonary fibrosis results from a plethora of abnormal pathogenetic events. In idiopathic pulmonary (IPF), inhalational, environmental, or occupational exposures in genetically and epigenetically predisposed individuals trigger recurrent cycles alveolar epithelial cell injury, activation coagulation pathways, chemoattraction, differentiation monocytes into monocyte-derived macrophages (Mo-AMs). When these events happen intermittently repeatedly throughout the individual's life cycle, wound repair process becomes aberrant leading to bronchiolization distal air spaces, fibroblast accumulation, extracellular matrix deposition, loss alveolar-capillary architecture. The role immune dysregulation IPF pathogenesis progression has been underscored past mainly after disappointing immunosuppressant use patients; however, recent reports highlighting prognostic mechanistic roles Mo-AMs revived interest IPF. this review, we will discuss cells onset IPF, as well potential targeted therapies.

Language: Английский

Citations

36
The uPA/uPAR System Orchestrates the Inflammatory Response, Vascular Homeostasis, and Immune System in Fibrosis Progression DOI Open Access
Yosuke Kanno

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(2), P. 1796 - 1796

Published: Jan. 16, 2023

Fibrotic diseases, such as systemic sclerosis (SSc), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, renal fibrosis and liver cirrhosis are characterized by tissue overgrowth due to excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Fibrosis progression is caused ECM overproduction the inhibition of degradation several events, including inflammation, vascular endothelial dysfunction, immune abnormalities. Recently, it has been reported that urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) its receptor (uPAR), known be fibrinolytic factors, orchestrate inflammatory response, homeostasis, homeostasis system. The uPA/uPAR system may show promise a potential therapeutic target for fibrotic diseases. This review considers role in

Language: Английский

Citations

31
MHO or MUO? White adipose tissue remodeling DOI

Jing Yi Zhao,

Zhou Li,

K Le

et al.

Obesity Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(4)

Published: Jan. 7, 2024

In this review, we delve into the intricate relationship between white adipose tissue (WAT) remodeling and metabolic aspects in obesity, with a specific focus on individuals metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) unhealthy (MUO). WAT is highly heterogeneous, plastic, dynamically secreting endocrine immune organ. plays crucial role health, involving expansion mode, microenvironment, phenotype, distribution. MHO, beneficial, reducing ectopic fat deposition insulin resistance (IR) through mechanisms like increased adipocyte hyperplasia, anti-inflammatory appropriate extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, vascularization, enhanced browning, subcutaneous (SWAT) deposition. Conversely, for those MUO, leads to IR, causing dysregulation. This process involves hypertrophy, disrupted heightened pro-inflammatory brown (BAT) whitening, accumulation of visceral (VWAT) The review underscores pivotal importance intervening hinder transition from MHO MUO. insight valuable tailoring personalized effective management strategies patients clinical practice.

Language: Английский

Citations

14
Hot and Cold Fibrosis: The Role of Serum Biomarkers to assess the Immune Mechanisms and ECM-Cell Interactions in Human Fibrosis DOI Creative Commons
Andressa de Zawadzki, Diana Julie Leeming, Arun J. Sanyal

et al.

Journal of Hepatology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2025

Fibrosis is a pathological condition characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, particularly collagens, leading to tissue scarring and organ dysfunction. In fibrosis, an imbalance between collagen synthesis (fibrogenesis) degradation (fibrolysis) results in the deposition fibrillar collagens disrupting structural integrity ECM and, consequently, architecture. associated with wide range chronic diseases, including liver cirrhosis, kidney pulmonary autoimmune diseases. Recently, concept "hot" "cold" fibrosis has emerged, referring immune status within fibrotic tissues nature fibrogenic signaling. Hot active cell infiltration inflammation, while cold auto- paracrine myofibroblast activation, exclusion quiescence. This article aims explore relationship hot role various types their biologically fragments modulating system, how serological biomarkers can help understanding disease-relevant interactions mesenchymal cells tissues. Additionally, we draw lessons from immuno-oncology research solid tumors shed light on potential strategies for treatment highlight advantage having "hot environment" treat enhancing through modulation system.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Trials and Treatments: An Update on Pharmacotherapy for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis DOI Creative Commons
Lorraine Thong,

Enda James McElduff,

Michael T. Henry

et al.

Life, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 486 - 486

Published: Feb. 10, 2023

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease that occurs predominantly in the older population. There increasing incidence prevalence IPF globally. The emergence of anti-fibrotic therapies last decade have improved patient survival though cure yet to be developed. In this review article, we aim summarize existing novel pharmacotherapies for treatment (excluding treatments acute exacerbations), focusing on current knowledge pathophysiology disease, mechanism action drugs, clinical trials.

Language: Английский

Citations

22