Role of New Plant Breeding Technologies for Food Security and Sustainable Agricultural Development

Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 42(2), P. 129 - 150

Published: April 26, 2020

Abstract New plant breeding technologies (NPBTs), including genetically modified and gene‐edited crops, offer large potentials for sustainable agricultural development food security while addressing shortcomings of the Green Revolution. This article reviews potentials, risks, actually observed impacts NPBTs. Regulatory aspects are also discussed. While science is exciting some clear benefits already observable, overregulation public misperceptions may obstruct efficient use Overregulation particularly in Europe, but affects developing countries Africa Asia, which could benefit most from reforms a more science‐based debate required.

Language: Английский

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Genome Edited Crops Touch the Market: A View on the Global Development and Regulatory Environment

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Oct. 9, 2020

Products of genome editing as the most promising "New Plant Breeding Technology" (NPBT) have made transition from lab to market in a short time. Globally, research activities employing are constantly expanding and more plants with market-oriented traits being developed, while companies already released first genome-edited crops market. Few countries, which located Americas, adapted legislations these technologies or guidelines supporting use editing. Other countries debating path come either because there is no clarity on legal classification due consensus hampered by renewed GMO debate. In recent years (2017 - 2020), eight introduced clarifying status edited products many those actively committed international harmonization their policies. this publication we give an overview current potentially future regulatory environment update derived oriented traits.

Language: Английский

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Induced Genetic Variation in Crop Plants by Random or Targeted Mutagenesis: Convergence and Differences

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Nov. 14, 2019

New Breeding Techniques (NBTs) represent the newest technology for introduction of new variation into crop plants plant breeding, in particular methods that aim to make targeted mutagenesis at specific sites genome (NBT mutagenesis). In a decision from 2018, EU Court Justice deemed modified by these techniques be GMO. The was based context conventional breeding using physical or chemical treatments. These are explicitly exempted GMO regulation, on long-termed use mutagenesis. its decision, claims NBTs operate "at rate out all proportion those resulting application mutagenesis". this paper, we argue fact is not case anymore; instead, convergence has taken place between and NBTs, due possibilities TILLING allow fast detection mutations any gene genome. Thus, both strategies across can obtained rather high speed. However, differences 1) precision exact site mutation target gene, 2) number off-target affecting other genes than gene. Both aspects favour NBT methods, which provide more fewer mutations. This stark contrast different status two technologies with respect regulation. future, situation sustainable European industry, since it expected restrictions will weaker outside Europe. calls reconsiderations regulation generated via NBTs.

Language: Английский

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Which Factors Affect the Occurrence of Off-Target Effects Caused by the Use of CRISPR/Cas: A Systematic Review in Plants

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Nov. 23, 2020

CRISPR/Cas enables a targeted modification of DNA sequences. Despite their ease and efficient use, one limitation is the potential occurrence associated off-target effects. This systematic review aims to answer following research question: Which factors affect effects caused by use in plants? Literature published until March 2019 was considered for this review. Articles were screened relevance based on pre-defined inclusion criteria. Relevant studies subject critical appraisal. All included synthesized narrative report, but rated as high medium/high validity reported separately from low medium/low or unclear . In addition, we ran binary logistic regression analysis verify five that may effects: (1) Number mismatches (2) Position (3) GC-content targeting sequence (4) Altered nuclease variants (5) Delivery methods. total, 180 relevant articles containing 468 therein. Seventy nine percentage these having Within studies, 6,416 sequences assessed Results clearly indicate an increased number between on-target steeply decreases likelihood The observed rate decreased 59% when there mismatch toward 0% four more exist. mismatch/es located within first eight nucleotides proximal PAM significantly There no evidence affects database regarding impact variant delivery method very poor majority applied standard SpCas9 system stably delivered genome. Hence, general significant two cannot be proved. identified gap needs filled exploring individual sufficient numbers.

Language: Английский

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Crop biotechnology and the future of food

Nature Food, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 1(5), P. 273 - 283

Published: May 19, 2020

Language: Английский

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Genome editing around the globe: An update on policies and perceptions

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 190(3), P. 1579 - 1587

Published: Aug. 17, 2022

A decade ago, the CRISPR/Cas system has been adapted for genome editing. Since then, hundreds of organisms have altered using editing and discussions were raised on regulatory status edited esp. crops. To date, many countries made decisions products editing, by exempting some kinds edits from classical GMO regulation. However, guidance differs between even in same region. Several are still debating issue or progress updating systems to cover The current global situation different is putting a harmonized framework genome-edited crops far future. In this update, we summarize developments field regulation concerning present short insight into perception society.

Language: Английский

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Occurrence and Nature of Off-Target Modifications by CRISPR-Cas Genome Editing in Plants

ACS Agricultural Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2(2), P. 192 - 201

Published: March 3, 2022

CRISPR-Cas-based genome editing allows for precise and targeted genetic modification of plants. Nevertheless, unintended off-target edits can arise that might confer risks when present in gene-edited food crops. Through an extensive literature review we gathered information on CRISPR-Cas Most observed changes were small insertions or deletions (1–22 bp) nucleotide substitutions, large (>100 rare. One study detected the insertion vector-derived DNA sequences, which is important considering risk assessment Off-target sites had few mismatches (1–3 nt) with target sequence mainly located protein-coding regions, often gene homologues. Off-targets predominantly via biased analysis predicted instead unbiased genome-wide analysis. CRISPR-Cas-edited plants showed lower mutation frequencies than conventionally bred This Review aid discussions relevance evaluating modifications

Language: Английский

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Gene Editing for Plant Resistance to Abiotic Factors: A Systematic Review

Plants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 305 - 305

Published: Jan. 9, 2023

Agricultural crops are exposed to various abiotic stresses, such as salinity, water deficits, temperature extremes, floods, radiation, and metal toxicity. To overcome these challenges, breeding programs seek improve methods techniques. Gene editing by Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-CRISPR/Cas-is a versatile tool for in all layers of the central dogma with focus on development cultivars plants resistant or tolerant multiple biotic stresses. This systematic review (SR) brings new contributions study use CRISPR/Cas gene tolerance stress plants. Articles deposited different electronic databases, using search

Language: Английский

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Editing Silicon Transporter Genes to Reduce Arsenic Accumulation in Rice

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 58(4), P. 1976 - 1985

Published: Jan. 17, 2024

Rice is a dominant source of inorganic arsenic (As) exposure for populations consuming rice as staple food. Decreasing As accumulation in grain important improving food safety. Arsenite [As(III)], the main form paddy soil porewater, taken up inadvertently by OsLsi1 and OsLsi2, two key transporters silicon (Si) uptake roots. Here, we investigated whether editing or OsLsi2 can decrease without compromising yield. We used CRISPR-Cas9 technology to edit promoter region C-terminal coding sequence generated total 27 mutants. Uptake Si were evaluated both short-term hydroponic experiments field. Deletion 1.2–2 kb suppressed expression roots markedly did not affect As(III) concentration. Some mutants showed large decreases well husks. However, only significant (by 63%) Editing mainly affected with little effect on dimethylarsenate (DMA). Grain yields comparable those wild type. provides promising way reduce

Language: Английский

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Considerations in adapting CRISPR/Cas9 in nongenetic model plant systems

Applications in Plant Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

The past six years have seen the rapid growth of studies CRISPR/Cas9 in plant genome editing, a method that enormously facilitates both basic research and practical applications. Most focused on genetic model species, but species are not models may also be economically important or biologically significant, both. However, developing system nongenetic is challenging. Here, we summarize applications 45 genera across 24 families provide reference for application CRISPR systems. Suggestions selecting target genes given proof‐of‐principle studies, processes vector construction reviewed. We recommend using transient assays to identify desired model. then review methods transformation describe approaches, regenerated transgenic plants, evaluating editing results. Lastly, potential future discussed. This provides road map models, an holds enormous biology.

Language: Английский

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