Dysregulation of neural tube vascular development as an aetiological factor in autism spectrum disorder: Insights from valproic acid exposure

The Journal of Physiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental condition affecting substantial number of children globally, characterized by diverse aetiologies, including genetic and environmental factors. Emerging research suggests that neurovascular dysregulation during development could significantly contribute to autism. This review synthesizes the potential role vascular abnormalities in pathogenesis ASD explores insights from studies on valproic acid (VPA) exposure neural tube development. VPA, widely used antiepileptic drug mood stabilizer, crosses placental barrier impacts developing fetal brain. Studies indicate VPA disrupts normal angiogenesis reducing expression levels endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) its receptors, purinergic signalling, which are crucial for both Such disruptions may lead neuronal migration pathfinding, potentially contributing behavioural manifestations ASD. Thus despite relatively limited findings, improper vascularization appears be ASD, as also suggested studies. Integrating these insights, it hypothesized factors should considered aetiological analysis idiopathic image

Language: Английский

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Management of critical care emergencies in children with autism spectrum disorder

World Journal of Critical Care Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(2)

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

BACKGROUND Managing critical care emergencies in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents unique challenges due to their distinct sensory sensitivities, communication difficulties, and behavioral issues. Effective strategies protocols are essential for optimal these high-stress situations. AIM To systematically evaluate synthesize current evidence on best practices managing ASD. The review focuses key areas, including sensory-friendly environments, strategies, management, the role of multidisciplinary approaches. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted across major medical databases, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, studies published between 2000 2023. Studies were selected based relevance management ASD, encompassing randomized controlled trials, observational studies, qualitative research, case studies. Data extracted analyzed identify common themes, successful areas improvement. RESULTS identified 50 that met inclusion criteria. Findings highlighted importance creating utilizing effective implementing individualized plans. These findings, derived from a evidence, provide valuable insights into Sensory modifications, such as reduced lighting noise, visual aids, augmentative alternative tools, enhanced patient comfort cooperation. involvement teams crucial delivering holistic care. Case provided practical underscored need continuous refinement protocols. CONCLUSION emphasizes tailored approach Sensory-friendly adjustments, communication, supported by team integral improving outcomes. Despite progress, ongoing is necessary. This process addresses remaining engages healthcare professionals improvement ASD settings.

Language: Английский

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Enlarged perivascular spaces under the dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex and severity of autism

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 9, 2025

The glymphatic system allows cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow along the brain's perivascular spaces (PVS), aiding in removal of harmful substances into venous system. Previous studies have suggested that younger males with severe autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit enlarged PVS (ePVS), although specific regions or extent enlargement remain unclear. Additionally, it is still unknown whether localization ePVS correlates ASD symptoms. Using automated MRI-based quantification, we conducted a descriptive observational study to map number, diameter, and volume across 72 brain areas, correlating these features clinical severity presence absence three distinct symptoms: language impairment, stereotypies, hypersensoriality. involved 36 children (ages 1–9 years). A thorough analysis white matter underlying cortical areas revealed different symptoms localizations. Moreover, beneath two rostral middle frontal were associated overall as well (verbal dysfunction, hypersensoriality). When prefrontal subregions experience excessive enlargement, may lead hypoactivity dorsolateral cortex (DLPFC), contributing manifestation

Language: Английский

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Virtual environments as a novel and promising approach in (neuro)diagnosis and (neuro)therapy: a perspective on the example of autism spectrum disorder

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Over the last three decades, dynamically evolving research using novel technologies, including virtual environments (VEs), has presented promising solutions for neuroscience and neuropsychology. This article explores known potential benefits drawbacks of employing modern technologies diagnosing treating developmental disorders, exemplified by autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD's complex nature is ideal illustrating advantages disadvantages digital world. While VEs' possibilities remain under-explored, they offer enhanced diagnostics treatment options ASD, augmenting traditional approaches. Unlike real-world obstacles primarily rooted in social challenges overwhelming environments, these provide unique compensatory opportunities ASD-related deficits. From our perspective addition to other recent work, should be adapted suit specific needs individuals with ASD.

Language: Английский

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Unlocking autism’s complexity: the Move Initiative’s path to comprehensive motor function analysis

Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18

Published: Jan. 21, 2025

The long-standing practice of using manualized inventories and observational assessments to diagnose track motor function in autism overlooks critical data invisible the naked eye. This subjective approach can introduce biases hinder translation research into clinical applications that rely on objective markers brain–body connections. Meanwhile, we are experiencing a digital healthcare revolution, marked by innovations collection analysis electronic health records, personal genomes, diverse physiological measurements. Advanced technologies, including current wearable devices, integrate both active passive (sensor-based) collection, providing more comprehensive view human health. Despite advances sensors, wearables, algorithms, machine learning, agentic AI, remains siloed, with many tools inaccessible affected families care teams. There is pressing need merge these technological expedite their accessible, scalable solutions diversify scientific understanding. In response, this Perspective introduces Move Initiative, coalition spearheaded nonprofit 2 m Foundation, composed self-advocates, families, clinicians, researchers, entrepreneurs, investors who aim advance refine measurement movement autism. will make screenings dynamic longitudinal while supporting continuous assessment targeted interventions. By fostering cross-disciplinary collaboration, seeks accelerate integration expanding knowledge base widespread practice. Deep, longitudinal, multi-modal profiling individuals Autism Spectrum Disorder offers an opportunity address gaps methods, enabling new avenues inquiry understanding complex, heterogeneous condition.

Language: Английский

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Dachaihu decoction ameliorates abnormal behavior by regulating gut microbiota in rats with propionic acid-induced autism

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Feb. 13, 2025

Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an early-onset neurodevelopmental disorder, usually accompanied by gut microbiota dysregulation. Gut homeostasis considered effective for ASD. Reportedly, Dachaihu decoction (DCHD) can efficiently regulate and inflammation. However, the mechanisms underlying effects of DCHD in treatment ASD remain unclear. Objective This study investigated potential treating Methods In animal experiment, propionic acid was administered to construct rat model. The rats were treated with DCHD, efficacy assessed using behavioral detections, such as open field test, elevated plus maze novel object recognition test. Additionally, levels IL-6, TNF- α , IL-10, T-SOD, MDA, GSH CAT determined kits, histological staining used evaluate brain morphology. Moreover, tight junction proteins (ZO-1 occludin) expression evaluated RT-qPCR, whereas Iba1 level immunofluorescence staining. 16S rRNA sequencing metabolomic analysis feces revealed targets against a small human trail, clinical scales ADOS-2 Behavior Checklist (ABC) autism severity. Gastrointestinal problems function based on food intolerance event-related potential, respectively. Results significantly improved autism-like behaviors increased antioxidant enzyme activity, decreased inflammation enhanced intestinal barrier experiment. Furthermore, altered profile, probiotics Adlercreutzia Parvibacter Turicibacter Christensenellaceae. Further, beneficial metabolite indole-3-acetate cognitive impairment-related metabolites asymmetric dimethylarginine homogentisic acid. Meanwhile, trial that alleviated core symptoms ASD, ABC scale scores. also specific egg white/yolk milk IgG antibodies shortened MMN P3b latencies. Conclusion demonstrated may alleviate via inhibiting oxidative stress, reducing inflammation, modulating rats. Combined trial, be promising drug provides scientific rationale mental disorders related dysbiosis.

Language: Английский

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Neuroglial Dysregulation in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Pathogenetic Insights, Genetic Threads, and Therapeutic Horizons

Neuroglia, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6(1), P. 11 - 11

Published: March 1, 2025

Background/Objectives: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition marked by challenges in social communication, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors. Recent studies highlight the crucial roles of neuroglial cells—astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes—in synaptic function, neural connectivity, neuroinflammation. These findings offer fresh perspective on ASD pathophysiology. This review synthesizes current knowledge dysfunction ASD, emphasizing its role pathophysiological mechanisms, genetic influences, potential therapeutic strategies. Methods: We conducted comprehensive literature review, integrating insights from neuroscience, molecular biology, clinical studies. Special focus was given to glial-mediated neuroinflammatory plasticity regulation, impact mutations signaling homeostasis. Results: Neuroglial evident abnormal pruning impaired astrocytic glutamate defective oligodendrocyte-driven myelination, which collectively disrupt neuronal architecture. Emerging therapies targeting these pathways, including anti-inflammatory drugs, microglial modulators, cell-based approaches, show promise alleviating key symptoms. Additionally, advanced interventions such as gene editing glial progenitor therapy present opportunities correct underlying dysfunction. Conclusions: establishes framework for understanding contributions ASD. By diverse disciplines, it enhances our pathophysiology paves way novel strategies pathways.

Language: Английский

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PRRG4 Brain-Specific Conditional Knockout Mice Display Autism Spectrum Disorder-Like Behaviors

Biological Procedures Online, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 27(1)

Published: May 16, 2025

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental characterized primarily by social deficits and repetitive behaviors. The mechanisms of ASD are complex not yet fully understood, although many risk genes mouse models have been reported. It has suggested that deletion PRRG4 (proline-rich Gla domain 4) may contribute to autism symptoms in patients with WAGR (Wilms' tumor, aniridia, gonadoblastoma, mental retardation) syndrome. model gene reported so far. This study investigated whether brain-specific conditional knockout induces ASD-like mice crossing the PRRG4fl/fl Emx1-Cre mice, which express Cre cerebral cortex hippocampus. (PRRG4fl/fl-Cre+, PRRG4-CKO) exhibited deficits, behaviors, anxiety-like compared control according results various behavioral tests. led increase total dendritic length, branching, spine density pyramidal neurons hippocampus, as well enhanced levels synaptic proteins including SYP PSD95. Immunoprecipitation experiment antibodies showed dramatic decreased interaction MAGI2 brain tissues from PRRG4-CKO mice. GST-RBD pull-down assay significant decrease RhoA-GTP hippocampus Brain-specific leads symptoms. protein regulate development activating RhoA through MAGI2. These findings provide evidence for comprehensive understanding function vivo support association between loss phenotypes observed

Language: Английский

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Decoding the genetic landscape of autism: A comprehensive review

World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(3)

Published: Aug. 29, 2024

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by heterogeneous symptoms and genetic underpinnings. Recent advancements in epigenetic research have provided insights into the intricate mechanisms contributing to ASD, influencing both diagnosis therapeutic strategies.

Language: Английский

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HERVs Endophenotype in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Human Endogenous Retroviruses, Specific Immunoreactivity, and Disease Association in Different Family Members

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 9 - 9

Published: Dec. 24, 2024

Increasing evidence indicates that human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are important to health and an underexplored component of many diseases. Certain HERV families show unique expression patterns immune responses in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients compared healthy controls, suggesting their potential as biomarkers. Despite these interesting findings, the role HERVs ASD needs be further investigated. In this review, we discuss recent advances genetic research on ASD, with a particular emphasis implications neurodevelopment future genomic initiatives aimed at discovering ASD-related genes through Artificial Intelligence. Given pro-inflammatory autoimmune characteristics, existing literature suggests may contribute onset or worsening individuals predisposition. Therefore, propose investigating fundamental properties could not only improve therapies but also pave way for new therapeutic strategies.

Language: Английский

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