Emerging role of gut microbiota extracellular vesicle in neurodegenerative disorders and insights on their therapeutic management

iMetaOmics., Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 1(2)

Published: Oct. 25, 2024

Abstract Targeting gut flora to lower sickness risk is a growing scientific subject. The intricate network of microorganisms (gut microbiota) in the human intestines regulates many physiological systems and may be important for general health. Recent research has shown dynamic relationship between microbiota central nervous system (CNS). Dysbiosis key establishing progressing diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. Recently, extracellular vesicles (GMEVs) have been suggested as brain‐gut communication carriers. Vesicle components contact immune receptors, initiating neuroinflammatory responses causing diseases. This study seeks explain how its cause or worsen We also highlighted recent advances our understanding these GMEVs' cargo's routes, which could used drug delivery treatments. examines current state potential therapeutic effects GMEVs on illnesses.

Language: Английский

---

The Scientific and Therapeutic Rationale for Off‐Label Treatments in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Annals of Neurology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 6, 2024

There are no dramatically effective pharmacological treatments for most patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a complex disease multiple underlying mechanisms, such as neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, microbiome alteration, and antiretroviral activity. We sifted through 15 years of reviews by group called ALSUntangled to identify 8 alternative off‐label that target ≥1 these have human trial suggesting meaningful benefits. Given the overlapping pathological mechanisms highlighted products, we suggest combinations targeting diverse might be worthwhile future sclerosis therapy development. ANN NEUROL 2024

Language: Английский

---

Gut–brain axis and environmental factors in Parkinson’s disease: bidirectional link between disease onset and progression

Neural Regeneration Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(12), P. 3416 - 3429

Published: Dec. 16, 2024

Parkinson’s disease has long been considered a disorder that primarily affects the brain, as it is defined by dopaminergic neurodegeneration in substantia nigra and brain accumulation of Lewy bodies containing α-synuclein protein. In recent decades, however, accumulating research revealed also involves gut uncovered an intimate important bidirectional link between gut, called “gut–brain axis.” Numerous clinical studies demonstrate dysfunction frequently precedes motor symptoms patients, with findings including impaired intestinal permeability, heightened inflammation, distinct microbiome profiles metabolites. Furthermore, deposition consistently observed suggesting potential role initiation. Importantly, individuals vagotomy have reduced risk. From these observations, researchers hypothesized may initiate subsequently propagate to central neurons through gut–brain axis, leading disease. This review comprehensively examines gut’s involvement disease, focusing on concept gut-origin for We examine interplay altered gut-related factors pathological patients. Given accessibility both dietary pharmacological interventions, targeting gut-localized represents promising avenue developing effective therapies.

Language: Английский

---

The Role of the Gastrointestinal Microbiota in Parkinson’s Disease

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 26 - 26

Published: Dec. 28, 2024

Background/Objectives: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons leading to debilitating motor and non-motor symptoms. Beyond its well-known neurological features, emerging evidence underscores pivotal role gut–brain axis gastrointestinal microbiota in PD pathogenesis. Dysbiosis has been strongly linked associated with increased intestinal permeability, chronic inflammation, production neurotoxic metabolites that may exacerbate neuronal damage. Methods: This review delves into complex interplay between dysbiosis, shedding light on two peculiar subsets Helicobacter pylori infection small-intestinal bacterial overgrowth. These conditions not only contribute progression but also influence therapeutic responses such as L-dopa efficacy. Conclusions: The potential modulate gut through probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics; fecal transplantation; antibiotics represents promising frontier for innovative treatments. Despite this potential, current limited small sample sizes methodological variability across studies. Rigorous, large-scale, randomized placebo-controlled trials standardized treatments terms composition, dosage, duration are urgently needed validate these findings pave way microbiota-based strategies management.

Language: Английский

---

Dementia. Specifics of its manifestations. Clinical patterns of dementia in Alzheimer's disease

Cifra. Клиническая медицина., Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2

Published: Oct. 23, 2024

Современная медицина часто сталкивается с различными видами деменции, связанными болезнью Альцгеймера, лобно-височными расстройствами и образованием телец Леви в головном мозге, а также развивающимися на фоне болезни Паркинсона.В данной статье рассмотрены особенности заболевания, вызывающие нарушение поведения, эмоций взаимоотношений, влияющее снижение мышления способностей больного. В представлен обзорный анализ научных статей, статистических показателей, связанных клиническими, лабораторными, инструментально-диагностическими проявлениями деменции. Исследование носит описательный характер основано результатах ранее опубликованных работ. Представленные данные основном сосредоточены особенностях проявлений деменции при различных заболеваниях, ее причин возникновения, видов, стадий применяемых мер для лечения. Была использована литература как зарубежная, так национальном языке.В результате было выявлено, что исследователи добились значительного прогресса разработке, тестировании проверке многих аспектов этого том числе касающихся биологических маркеров, которые обнаруживают признаки патологического процесса.В итоге выяснилось, все виды, не исключая деменцию скорее всего, потребуют комплексного лечения, индивидуально подобранного каждого человека, старение остается наиболее важным фактором риска его развития.

Language: Русский

---