Melatonin as a Hormone: New Physiological and Clinical Insights

Endocrine Reviews, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 39(6), P. 990 - 1028

Published: Sept. 12, 2018

Melatonin is a ubiquitous molecule present in almost every live being from bacteria to humans. In vertebrates, besides produced peripheral tissues and acting as an autocrine paracrine signal, melatonin centrally synthetized by neuroendocrine organ, the pineal gland. Independently of considered species, hormone always during night its production secretory episode duration are directly dependent on length night. As tightly linked light/dark cycle, main hormonal systemic integrative action coordinate behavioral physiological adaptations environmental geophysical day season. The circadian signal daily regularity, contrast between concentrations, specially developed ways action. During episode, coordinates adaptive physiology through immediate effects primes responses prospective that will only appear at daytime, when absent. Similarly, annual history central nervous/endocrine system seasons come. Remarkably, maternal programs fetuses' behavior cope with cycle season after birth. These unique turn into biological time-domain–acting molecule. review focuses above considerations, proposes putative classification clinical dysfunctions, discusses general guidelines therapeutic use melatonin.

Language: Английский

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Systematic review of light exposure impact on human circadian rhythm

Chronobiology International, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 36(2), P. 151 - 170

Published: Oct. 12, 2018

Light is necessary for life, and artificial light improves visual performance safety, but there an increasing concern of the potential health environmental impacts light. Findings from a number studies suggest that mistimed exposure disrupts circadian rhythm in humans, potentially causing further impacts. However, variety methods has been applied individual experimental light-induced impacts, including definition outcomes. Thus, systematic review needed to synthesize results. In addition, scientific evidence on developing evaluation method pollution, i.e., negative light, life cycle assessment (LCA). The current LCA practice does not have evaluate neither terms human nor ecological literature survey was conducted by searching two concepts: rhythm. searched with additional melatonin rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep. search resulted 128 articles which were subjected data collection analysis. Melatonin secretion studied 122 REM sleep 13 articles. reports divided into specific (101 reports), usually controlled laboratory environment, prevailing conditions typical at home or work environments (21 studies). Studies generally adults their twenties thirties, only very few experimented children elderly adults. Surprisingly many small sample size: 39 out 10 less subjects. quality criteria more profound synthesis minimum size 20 subjects providing details (spectrum wavelength; illuminance, irradiance photon density). This qualified 2 Further analysis these 15 indicated two-hour blue (460 nm) evening suppresses melatonin, maximum melatonin-suppressing effect being achieved shortest wavelengths (424 nm, violet). concentration recovered rather rapidly, within min cessation exposure, suggesting short-term simultaneous impact secretion. suppression reduced age, phase advance impaired age. evening, night morning affected levels. even longest (631 red) intermittent exposures induced resetting responses, low levels (5-10 lux) when sleeping eyes closed response. enables development pollution regarding system.

Language: Английский

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Role of chronotype in dietary intake, meal timing, and obesity: a systematic review

Nutrition Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 81(1), P. 75 - 90

Published: June 30, 2022

Recent studies show that dietary habits and obesity seem to be influenced by chronotype, which reflects an individual's preference for the timing of sleeping, eating, activity in a 24-hour period.This review aimed analyze association chronotype with habits, namely energy macronutrient intakes, meal timing, eating patterns, as well obesity.PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, Google Scholar databases were searched between 2004 2020. Study selection was performed 2 authors independently; disagreements on eligibility articles resolved third author. After assessment 12 060 abstracts, 43 (21 obesity; 13 food consumption, patterns; 9 addressed both behavior) included.A standard form used extract study design, country, number participants, method determination, main findings.Approximately 95% included showed eveningness at least 1 unhealthy habit. Morningness associated regular consumption fresh minimally processed foods. In addition, about 47% higher late types obesity.Late are more likely present such night, skipping breakfast often, processed/ultraprocessed foods, while early have healthy protective predominantly fresh/minimally Intermediate tend pattern health similar than types. Late also weight body mass index or intermediate types.PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021256078.

Language: Английский

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A critical review of melatonin assays: Past and present

Journal of Pineal Research, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 67(1)

Published: March 28, 2019

There has been increased interest in the measurement of melatonin plasma and saliva recently either as a marker circadian phase or to understand physiological role melatonin. For both situations, there is need for specific assay that sensitive enough detect low concentrations (<2 pg/mL). Since mid-1970s, have many assays developed measure blood saliva. Radioimmunoassays ELISA predominated because their relative simplicity high throughput. In this review, I show early radioimmunoassays while providing valuable information about nocturnal levels humans, generally produced inaccurate basal (daytime) levels. Mass spectrometry assays, however, provided us with target values immunoassays achieve, is, daytime <1 pg/mL. are now contemporary commercial available utilising RIA technologies, but not all achieve standards set by mass assays. The performance these reviewed. conclude recommendations on issues researchers consider when conducting studies, including importance time day collection, validation potential causes poor specificity at levels, advantages/disadvantages using vs extraction direct kit manufacturers responsibilities reporting requirements publishing studies.

Language: Английский

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Non-visual effects of indoor light environment on humans: A review✰

Physiology & Behavior, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 228, P. 113195 - 113195

Published: Oct. 3, 2020

Language: Английский

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The effects of seasons and weather on sleep patterns measured through longitudinal multimodal sensing

npj Digital Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: April 28, 2021

Abstract Previous studies of seasonal effects on sleep have yielded unclear results, likely due to methodological differences and limitations in data size and/or quality. We measured the habits 216 individuals across U.S. over four seasons for slightly a year using objective, continuous, unobtrusive measures local weather. In addition, we controlled demographics trait-like constructs previously identified correlate with behavior. investigated weather duration, bedtime, wake time. found several small but statistically significant patterns. observe strongest time especially during spring season: times are earlier, duration decreases (compared reference season winter). Sleep also modestly when day lengths get longer (between winter summer solstice). Bedtimes tend be later as outdoor temperature increases.

Language: Английский

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Measuring melatonin by immunoassay

Journal of Pineal Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 69(1)

Published: April 13, 2020

The pineal gland hormone melatonin continues to be of considerable interest biomedical researchers. Of particular is the pattern secretion in relation sleep timing as well its potential role certain diseases. Measuring biological fluids such blood and saliva presents methodological challenges since production are known extremely low during light phase almost all situations. Active only occurs around time lights out a wide range species. challenge then develop practical high-throughput assays that sufficiently sensitive accurate enough detect levels less than 1 pg/mL fluids. Mass spectrometry have been developed achieve required sensitivity, but really not or even widely available most Melatonin radioimmunoassays ELISA commercially available. But quality results being published very variable, partly because poor experimental designs, also assays. In this review, I discuss issues design studies involving measurement. provide critical assessment 21 immunoassay kits marketed by 11 different companies with respect validation, specificity sensitivity. Technical managers were contacted an attempt obtain information online kit inserts. A search literature was conducted uncover papers reported use these assays, where possible, both daytime night-time plasma concentrations extracted tabulated. evaluations disturbing, many lacking any validation using inadequate methods. Few properly assessed for specificity, while others report cross-reaction profiles can expected result over estimation levels. Some fit purpose they determine DLMO 10 3 pg/mL, respectively. Finally, some produce unrealistically high humans laboratory animals order hundreds pg/mL. summary, review provides comprehensive unique current commercial immunoassays their publications. It researchers new field need valid from perspective experimental/clinical trial best assay methodologies. will hopefully help journal editors reviewers who may fully aware pitfalls measurement make better informed decisions on publication acceptability.

Language: Английский

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Advocating for view and daylight in buildings: Next steps

Energy and Buildings, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 265, P. 112079 - 112079

Published: April 4, 2022

With the exponential growth in population and commensurate increased density urban cities, access to daylight views nature is being severely curtailed buildings. In parallel, increasingly urgent demands sharply reduce building energy use associated greenhouse gas emissions are made mitigate climate change. There many challenges performance tradeoffs with facade (i.e., view versus solar glare control); prioritization of health well-being as a fundamental human requirement could adversely affect energy-efficiency. Given current state knowledge on effects buildings, we identify critical needs research, tools technologies that if satisfied may enable more effective buildings within constraints Lack regarding complex causal mechanisms window factors limiting factor forward progress. Current models methods derive bidirectional scattering distribution functions (BSDFs) will need be modified. Developers energy-efficient guidance shape product development. Advanced integrated design can attainment both net zero goals, but considerable work needed make such options turnkey broadly available.

Language: Английский

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Occupants’ responses to window views, daylighting and lighting in buildings: A critical review

Building and Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 219, P. 109172 - 109172

Published: May 11, 2022

This paper presents a critical review of studies addressing the effects window views, daylighting, and lighting on occupant behavior, perception, performance, well-being. A systematic search in Scopus database was performed November 2021 yielded 515 hits. Seventy-six were selected according to following criteria: i) papers presenting research results with participants' responses ii) accounting for lighting, or view assessments. The study setting features, participants, predictors outcomes, statistical approach, reported significance level, limitations extracted from each paper. analysis then identified differences effect predictor outcome. number records obtained through structured 240. wide range have been used indoor assess people's responses. most commonly artificial features -qualitative - followed by some properties light sources, such as correlated color temperature, spectral distribution horizontal illuminance. Differences methods data collection, predictors, ways measure outcomes generated inconclusive that limited specific study. We suggest simple model prediction performance illuminance temperature. points few scattered model, therefore, suffers considerable uncertainties. Yet, it quantifies ranges are comparable similar models other environment domains.

Language: Английский

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Endogenous Melatonin Levels and Therapeutic Use of Exogenous Melatonin in Migraine: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 60(7), P. 1273 - 1299

Published: April 30, 2020

Background Sleep disorders and circadian dysregulation appear to be associated with primary headache disorders. Objective The aim of this study was review the existing evidence for deployment melatonin in migraine prophylaxis. Initially, case‐control studies investigating nocturnal 6‐sulphatoxymelatonin (aMT6s, metabolite discarded by urine) levels patients healthy controls (HC) would reviewed meta‐analyzed. Second, results from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) non‐randomized evaluating use synthesized. Methods MEDLINE EMBASE, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, trial registries, Google Scholar, OpenGrey were comprehensively searched. quality assessed according Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale (case‐control studies) Risk‐of‐Bias Cochrane tool (RCTs). Random‐effects (RE) or fixed‐effects (FE) model used based on heterogeneity among (homogeneity assumed when PQ > 0.1 I 2 < 30%). Publication bias funnel plots. Results Literature search provided 11 studies. Evidence compatible lower serum [5 6 synthesized due deficient reporting 1 abstract, n = 197, HC 132, RE MD −12.29 pg/ml, 95%CI (−21.10, −3.49)] urinary [3 studies, 30, 29, −0.12 nmol/nocturnal (12 hours) collection, (−0.22, −0.03)], as well urine aMT6s [1 study, 146, 74, −11.90 μg/nocturnal (−19.23, −4.57)] adult compared involving children did not reveal any difference regarding aMT6s, 18 per group, −6.00 (−21.19, 9.19)]. Regarding treatment‐prevention migraine, 7 RCTs 9 retrieved. Data synthesis feasible comparison placebo clinical methodological 5 relevant RCTs. Overall, more efficacious equally safe prevention adults (3 4 superior efficacy melatonin, RCT revealed no Headache Frequency ‐HF‐), while there are limited data (1 against HF). Additionally, between amitriptyline RCT), sodium valproate RCT) propranolol study) respect their effective than pizotifen RCT). In is most parameters (2 85 HF: 4.03, (2.64, 5.42), Duration: 0.72, (0.41, 1.03), Severity: FE 1.57, (1.13, 2.00), Response Treatment: 0.33, (0.16, 0.69), Induced Disability 6.07, (−11.87, 24.01 ), Analgesic Consumption – 40 group 1.11, (−0.10, 2.32)), although presents a safety profile both children. Conclusions Melatonin may potential benefit adults, but complementary high‐quality required.

Language: Английский

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