The Profound Influence of Gut Microbiome and Extracellular Vesicles on Animal Health and Disease

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(7), P. 4024 - 4024

Published: April 4, 2024

The animal gut microbiota, comprising a diverse array of microorganisms, plays pivotal role in shaping host health and physiology. This review explores the intricate dynamics microbiome animals, focusing on its composition, function, impact host–microbe interactions. composition intestinal microbiota animals is influenced by ecology, including factors such as temperature, pH, oxygen levels, nutrient availability, well genetic makeup, diet, habitat, stressors, husbandry practices. Dysbiosis can lead to various gastrointestinal immune-related issues impacting overall productivity. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly exosomes derived from play crucial intercellular communication, influencing transporting bioactive molecules across barriers like brain barriers. Dysregulation gut–brain axis has implications for disorders highlighting potential microbiota-derived EVs disease progression. Therapeutic approaches modulate probiotics, prebiotics, microbial transplants, phage therapy, offer promising strategies enhancing performance. Studies investigating effects therapy have shown results, with improving food safety poultry production systems. Understanding complex interactions between provides valuable insights into mechanisms underlying their Further research this field essential developing effective therapeutic interventions management promote well-being animals.

Language: Английский

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Role of flavonoids in controlling obesity: molecular targets and mechanisms

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: May 12, 2023

Obesity presents a major health challenge that increases the risk of several non-communicable illnesses, such as but not limited to diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal and neurological disorders, sleep cancers. Accounting for nearly 8% global deaths (4.7 million) in 2017, obesity leads diminishing quality life higher premature mortality rate among affected individuals. Although essentially dubbed modifiable preventable concern, prevention, treatment strategies against obesity, calorie intake restriction increasing burning, have gained little long-term success. In this manuscript, we detail pathophysiology multifactorial, oxidative stress-dependent inflammatory disease. Current anti-obesity strategies, effect flavonoid-based therapeutic interventions on digestion absorption, macronutrient metabolism, inflammation stress gut microbiota has been evaluated. The use naturally occurring flavonoids prevent treat with efficacy, is also described.

Language: Английский

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Sociability in a non-captive macaque population is associated with beneficial gut bacteria

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Nov. 11, 2022

The relationship between social behaviour and the microbiome is known to be reciprocal. Research in wild animal populations, particularly primate groups, has revealed role that interactions play microbial transmission, whilst studies laboratory animals have demonstrated gut can affect multiple aspects of behaviour, including behaviour. Here we explore behavioural variation a non-captive population with respect abundance specific bacterial genera. Social based on grooming assessed rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), combined data. We focus our analyses genera previously linked sociability autistic behaviours rodents humans. show this macaque some these are also related an individual's propensity engage interactions. Interestingly, find several positively sociability, such as Faecalibacterium, well for their beneficial effects health anti-inflammatory properties. In contrast, genus Streptococcus, which includes pathogenic species, more abundant less sociable macaques. Our results indicate microorganisms whose varies individual functional links host immune status. Overall, findings highlight connections composition, population.

Language: Английский

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Comparing the gut microbiota of Sichuan golden monkeys across multiple captive and wild settings: roles of anthropogenic activities and host factors

BMC Genomics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: Feb. 6, 2024

Abstract Background Captivity and artificial food provision are common conservation strategies for the endangered golden snub-nosed monkey ( Rhinopithecus roxellana ). Anthropogenic activities have been reported to impact fitness of R. by altering their gut microbiota, a crucial indicator animal health. Nevertheless, degree divergence in microbiota between different anthropogenically-disturbed (AD) counterparts wild has yet be elucidated. Here, we conducted comparative analysis across nine populations spanning China, which included seven captive populations, one population, another population subject provision. Results Both captivity significantly altered microbiota. AD exhibited variations, such as increased Bacteroidetes decreased Firmicutes (e.g., Ruminococcus ), Actinobacteria Parvibacter Verrucomicrobia Akkermansia Tenericutes. Additionally, reduced Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratiosuggested diminished capacity complex carbohydrate degradation individuals. The results microbial functional prediction suggested that displayed heightened genes linked vitamin amino acid metabolism, alongside associated antibiotics biosynthesis penicillin, cephalosporin, macrolides, clavulanic acid) secondary metabolite naphthalene atrazine). These alterations implied potential disparities health status varying degrees changes compared group, implying extent these variations might serve metric assessing populations. Furthermore, utilizing individual information individuals, identified associations host age, well pedigree. Older individuals higher diversity, while closer genetic relatedness reflected more similar Conclusions Our aim was assess how anthropogenic factors influence . led consistent diversity function, age contributed interindividual findings may contribute establishment assessment standards optimization breeding conditions

Language: Английский

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Symbiotic microbiota vary with breeding group membership in a highly social joint-nesting bird

Behavioral Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 34(4), P. 653 - 661

Published: April 27, 2023

Abstract Symbiotic microbes affect the health, fitness, and behavior of their animal hosts, can even non-hosts. Living in groups presents numerous benefits challenges to social animals, including exposure symbiotic microbes, which mediate both cooperation competition. In mammals, individuals from same group tend share more similar this microbiome, microbial community all hosts group, shape costs living. contrast, little is known about microbiome living birds. We tested predictions that communally breeding smooth-billed anis (Crotophaga ani) belonging composition differs between body regions. To test this, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing characterize preen gland feather microbiota adult birds 16 at a long-term study site southwestern Puerto Rico. As predicted, shared than non-group members feathers harbored distinct communities. Future research will evaluate whether affects

Language: Английский

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Association between gut health and gut microbiota in a polluted environment

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 914, P. 169804 - 169804

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

Animals host complex bacterial communities in their gastrointestinal tracts, with which they share a mutualistic interaction. The numerous effects these interactions grant to the include regulation of immune system, defense against pathogen invasion, digestion otherwise undigestible foodstuffs, and impacts on behaviour. Exposure stressors, such as environmental pollution, parasites, and/or predators, can alter composition gut microbiome, potentially affecting host-microbiome that be manifest as, for example, metabolic dysfunction or inflammation. However, whether change microbiota wild animals associates condition is seldom examined. Thus, we quantified bank voles inhabiting polluted environment, areas where there are radionuclides, exhibited (using 16S amplicon sequencing) concomitant health using combined approach transcriptomics, histological staining analyses colon tissue, quantification short-chain fatty acids faeces blood. Concomitant contaminated areas, found evidence poor host, hypotrophy goblet cells likely weakened mucus layer related changes Clca1 Agr2 gene expression, but no visible inflammation tissue. Through this case study show environment have wide reaching affected animals, other parameters should examined together ecotoxicological studies.

Language: Английский

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Sex differences and individual variability in the captive Jamaican fruit bat (Artibeus jamaicensis) intestinal microbiome and metabolome

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Feb. 9, 2024

Abstract The intestinal microbiome plays an important role in mammalian health, disease, and immune function. In light of this function, recent studies have aimed to characterize the microbiomes various bat species, which are noteworthy for their roles as reservoir hosts several viruses known be highly pathogenic other mammals. Despite ongoing research, its function especially effects changes on host remains nebulous. Here, we describe a novel methodology investigate captive Jamaican fruit bats ( Artibeus jamaicensis ). We observed high degree individual variation addition sex- cohort-linked differences. was correlated with metabolite composition, possibly contributing differences status. This work provides basis future infection field examine detail antiviral immunity.

Language: Английский

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The costs and benefits of a dynamic host microbiome

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

All species host a rich community of microbes. This microbiome is dynamic, and displays seasonal, daily, even hourly changes, but also needs to be resilient fulfill important roles for the host. In evolutionary ecology, focus dynamism has been on how it can facilitate adaptation novel environments. However, an hitherto largely overlooked issue that keep its in check, which costly leads trade-offs with investing other fitness-related traits. Investigating these natural vertebrate systems by collecting longitudinal data will lead deeper insight into mechanisms shape host-microbiome interactions.

Language: Английский

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Why Didn't the Sifaka Cross the Road? Divergence of Propithecus edwardsi Gut Microbiomes Across Geographic Barriers in Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar

American Journal of Primatology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 87(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

This study uses a biogeographic framework to identify patterns of gut microbiome divergence in an endangered lemur species endemic Madagascar's southeastern rainforests, the Milne-Edwards's sifaka (Propithecus edwardsi). Specifically, we tested effects (1) geographic barriers, (2) habitat disturbance, and (3) distance on alpha beta diversity. We selected 10 social groups from 4 sites Ranomafana National Park with varied histories selective logging. Sites were spaced between 17 km apart falling either side two parallel barriers animal movement: Namorona River RN25 highway. Using 16S rRNA metabarcoding, found greatest diversity differentiation occur groups, significant divisions opposite sides (road/river). Habitat disturbance had most effect diversity, though, contrary many other studies, was associated higher microbial richness. Without biomedical context, it is unclear whether differences observed herein are neutral, adaptive, or maladaptive. However, road/river may be symptom reduced host gene flow, warranting further investigation perhaps conservation action (e.g., construction wildlife bridges). Finally, this work demonstrates that variation can accrue over small sampling areas, lending new insight into host-microbe-environmental interactions.

Language: Английский

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The gut microbiome of Madagascar’s lemurs from forest fragments in the central highlands

Primates, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

Language: Английский

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