Rabies vaccinations at the rural–urban divide: successes and barriers to dog rabies vaccination programs from a rural and urban campaign in Zambia

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

Introduction Dog vaccination against rabies is considered one of the most effective strategies at preventing human deaths from and a key strategy for eliminating dog-mediated deaths. Traditional approaches in Zambia rarely collect operational data to assess coverage inform subsequent campaigns. Methods Following mass campaigns rural (Itezhi tezhi) urban (Lusaka) communities, we evaluated achieved during characterized estimated dog population these communities. Results Herd immunity (i.e., 70% coverage) was not Lusaka campaign, likely due challenges pre-campaign community sensitization distance sites central point campaign approach. density showed strong exponential association with (R 2 = 0.89). Extrapolating this relationship nationally, there are an 3.2 million dogs (human-to-dog ratio 5.8:1) 86% residing communities very low less than 6 per square kilometer. Discussion As were found reside densities, unique large-scale may impact Zambia, high logistical costs associated settings. Prioritizing vaccinations higher-density free-roaming populations could maximize effectiveness resource-limited Private veterinary services commonly utilized among surveyed owners urbanized Lusaka, suggesting that they important collaborator achieving herd immunity. With improved knowledge ownership characteristics, well-prepared design more as elimination program expands.

Language: Английский

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Trends in incidence, mortality, and DALYs of cystic echinococcosis in Central Asia from 1992 to 2021: an age-period-cohort analysis

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

Background Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is widespread globally but imposes a particularly heavy burden in Central Asia. Despite control measures, disease management remains suboptimal this region. This study analyzed trends CE incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from 1992 to 2021 Asia; compared them with global data; explored variations by gender, age group, country identify critical factors control. Methods Using data the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD 2021), we long-term DALY rates The joinpoint regression model was employed calculate annual percentage change (APC) average APC (AAPC) shifts trends. Additionally, an age-period-cohort used assess impact various groups, periods, birth cohorts on burden. Results number cases increased 52.13% Asia, while deaths decreased 57.35%; DALYs only slightly 10.75%. From 2021, incidence showed increasing trend until 2010, then rapidly declined 2015, gradually thereafter. highest were among middle-aged older adult populations. Although mortality across all decline less than trend. Gender analysis that rate significantly higher males females. Conclusion there have been improvements some Asian countries, overall significant. highlights importance considering age, country-specific burdens when formulating public health policies. Future research should continue monitor these explore targeted prevention strategies within diverse socioeconomic contexts, such as integrating regional resources.

Language: Английский

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Global Health Inequalities Worsened by the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comprehensive Demographic Analysis from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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One Health policy for combatting African trypanocide resistance

One Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19, P. 100871 - 100871

Published: Aug. 5, 2024

The rise of African trypanocide resistance (ATr) is influenced by various factors such as evolutionary changes in the pathogen, presence genes population, poor policy decisions, limited private-public partnerships to engage local communities, and insufficient funding for development new drugs over past sixty years. These challenges have been exacerbated inadequate implementation drug liberalization policies mid 20th century, leading pharmacovigilance practices veterinary low middle income countries (LMICs). One health (OH), a disease management framework, provides practical solutions addressing ATr, drawing on its success managing previous epidemics like avian influenza 2004 recent COVID-19 pandemic, where institutional collaborations were rapidly established. To combat OH initiatives involving both international partners at grassroots levels are crucial generate community interest. importance political commitment, media involvement, nongovernmental organizations cannot be overstated, they essential resource mobilization long-term sustainability LMICs.

Language: Английский

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