Applied Materials Today, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 41, P. 102437 - 102437
Published: Sept. 19, 2024
Language: Английский
Biomarkers in Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 16
Published: Feb. 27, 2025
Hematological malignancies present substantial challenges in clinical practice due to their heterogeneity and complex biological profiles. In these diseases, biomarkers – measurable indicators of states are indispensable for diagnosis, prognosis, therapeutic decision-making. Emerging significantly improving outcomes hematological cancers by enhancing early detection, refining prognostic assessments, enabling personalized treatment approaches, optimizing overall patient management. This progress translates into better more effective strategies treat manage malignancies. The field biomarker discovery has developed from basic morphological cytogenetic markers advanced molecular techniques, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) next-generation sequencing (NGS), which have enhanced diagnostic accuracy led the development targeted therapies. Additionally, recent advent technologies like mass spectrometry single-cell RNA enables comprehensive profiling reveals novel that were previously undetectable. Our aim this manuscript is provide a overview immunohematological biomarkers, applications, future directions field.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 74(4)
Published: March 4, 2025
T-cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domains (TIGIT) is a novel immune checkpoint playing crucial role in immunosuppression evasion. This study aims to elucidate the expression patterns, characteristics, possible mechanisms of TIGIT small cell lung cancer (SCLC). was analyzed across various cancers normal tissues using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Transcriptomic data from SCLC patients, sourced Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) literature, were assess TIGIT-related characteristics. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) used verify post-surgical advanced samples, focusing on prognostic value, treatment response. significantly overexpressed tumors, including (p < 0.05). Higher associated better overall survival (OS) Notably, significant positive correlation observed between immune-related metagenes, such as HCK, interferon, LCK Immune infiltration analysis revealed strong score multiple cohorts. Additionally, correlated positively cells, CD8 T cytotoxic lymphocytes, B cells 0.05), checkpoints like BTLA, ICOS, LAG3 while it had negative TIDE In validation section, patients high showed prolonged disease-free (DFS) OS demonstrated response adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) immunotherapy. serves biomarker SCLC, its indicating favorable prognosis These effects may be due TIGIT's unique landscape association other checkpoints.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Cancer Cell, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: March 1, 2025
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16
Published: April 4, 2025
Immune checkpoints, such as PD-1 and CTLA-4, are crucial regulators of immune responses, acting gatekeepers to balance immunity against foreign antigens self-tolerance. These checkpoints play a key role in maintaining cardiac homeostasis by preventing immune-mediated damage critical organs like the heart. In this study, we explored involvement CTLA-4 cardiovascular complications, particularly atherosclerosis myocarditis, which can lead heart failure. We conducted comprehensive analysis using animal models clinical data assess effects checkpoint inhibition on function. Our findings indicate that disruption pathways exacerbates myocardial inflammation, accelerates atherosclerotic plaque formation, promotes development Additionally, observed these led increased infiltration T lymphocytes, higher levels pro-inflammatory cytokines, enhanced tissue damage. results suggest preserving health, their result severe toxicity. study emphasizes need for careful monitoring health patients undergoing inhibitor therapies.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Aging and Disease, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 0 - 0
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
P Natural killer (NK) cells function as crucial effectors in the innate immune response against tumors. Nevertheless, NK cell senescence, characterized by phenotypic and functional changes, substantially compromises their antitumor response. This review provides a comprehensive summary of molecular mechanisms governing senescence its implications for cancer immunotherapy. We propose refined definition based on distinct biomarkers, including elevated CD57 expression, reduced cytotoxicity, altered cytokine secretion. Moreover, we investigate complex interactions between tumor microenvironment (TME) highlighting influence chronic inflammation, immunosuppressive cytokines, persistent antigenic stimulation. Additionally, this underscores potential utility senescent biomarkers assessing efficacy examines adverse effects Lastly, summarize current approaches to mitigate such gene editing techniques modulation, which may enhance cell-based immunotherapies. By establishing framework understanding within TME, aims guide future research development innovative therapeutic strategies targeting improve immunotherapy outcomes.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Clinical and Translational Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(4)
Published: April 1, 2025
ABSTRACT TIGIT (T cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and tyrosine‐based inhibitory motif (ITIM) domain), Vstm3, VSIG9, are newly recognized immunological checkpoints. They prominently expressed on CD4+ CD8+ T cells, tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), natural killer (NK) regulatory cells (Tregs). The (TIGIT) protein is crucial for immune modulation since it diminishes NK populations hinders activity in cancer patients experimental models. CD155, the principal ligand of humans, has been as a pivotal target immunotherapy owing to its interaction TIGIT. CD155 linked efficacy anti‐programmed death 1 (PD‐1) therapy, even without expression, underscoring importance checkpoint suppression. Anti‐TIGIT medicines, either independently or conjunction anti‐PD‐1 treatments, have demonstrated potential augmenting responses malignancies. This review examines structural functional characteristics protein, new developments anti‐TIGIT drugs, their prospective use immunotherapy.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: April 24, 2025
Abstract VHHs (also known as nanobodies) are important therapeutic antibodies. To prolong their half‐life in bloodstream, usually fused to the Fc fragment of full‐length However, stability is often main challenge for commercialization, and methods improve still lacking. Here, an silico pipeline developed analyzing anticancer VHH‐Fc fusion antibody (VFA01) designing its stable variants. Computational modeling used analyze VFA01 structure evaluate conformational stability, disulfide bond reduction state, aggregation degradation tendency. By building mechanistic models degradation, hotspot residues affecting stability: C130, F57, Y106, L120, W111 identified. Based on them, a series variants designed obtained variant M11 (C130S/W111F/F57K) whose significantly enhanced compared VFA01: there no visible particles solution, change rate DLS average hydrodynamic size, SEC HMW%, CE‐SDS purity improved by 6.2‐, 3.4‐, 1.5‐fold, respectively. Both antigen‐binding activity production yield also about 1.5‐fold. The results show that our computational very promising approach improving protein
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Cells, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(11), P. 959 - 959
Published: June 1, 2024
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for maintaining the immune balance in normal and pathological conditions. In autoimmune diseases transplantation, they restrain loss of self-tolerance promote engraftment, whereas cancer, an increase Treg numbers is mostly associated with tumor growth poor prognosis. Numerous markers their combinations have been used to identify subsets, demonstrating phenotypic diversity Tregs. The complexity identification can be hampered by unstable expression some markers, decrease a specific marker over time or emergence new marker. It remains unclear whether such shifts due conditions observed changes initially different populations. first case, cellular plasticity observed, second, heterogeneity observed. difference between these terms relation Tregs rather blurred. Considering promising perspectives regenerative cell-based therapy, existing confusing data on phenotypes require further investigation analysis. our review, we introduce criteria that allow us distinguish normally pathologically, taking closer look at drawing line two terms.
Language: Английский
Citations
3
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(23), P. 12848 - 12848
Published: Nov. 29, 2024
This review explores some of the complex mechanisms underlying antitumor T-cell response, with a specific focus on balance and cross-talk between selected co-stimulatory inhibitory pathways. The tumor microenvironment (TME) fosters both activation exhaustion, dual role influenced by local presence immune checkpoints (ICs), which are exploited cancer cells to evade surveillance. Recent advancements in IC blockade (ICB) therapies have transformed treatment. However, only fraction patients respond favorably, highlighting need for predictive biomarkers combination overcome ICB resistance. A crucial aspect is represented complexity TME, encompasses diverse cell types that either enhance or suppress responses. underscores importance identifying most critical molecules developing approaches tailored patient-specific molecular profiles maximize therapeutic efficacy inhibitors clinical outcomes.
Language: Английский
Citations
3
Biomarker Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(1)
Published: Sept. 12, 2024
Language: Английский
Citations
2