The effect of spontaneous tumor regression on melanoma progression DOI Creative Commons
К. С. Титов, M. V. Sorokina, Oxana Paklina

et al.

Russian Journal of Biotherapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(4), P. 22 - 29

Published: Dec. 19, 2024

Background. Skin melanoma (SM) is a malignant non-epithelial tumor of transformed melanocytes with predominant localization on the skin (more than 90 % cases). According to statistics for 2021, SM in Russia accounted 1.82 all neoplasms adult population and 12.65 tumors. There has been steady annual increase incidence throughout world, especially countries predominantly Caucasian population. In Russia, over past 10 years, mortality from increased by 17.6 %. heterogeneous high metastatic potential, because addition standard clinical pathomorphological prognostic factors, identification additional factors progression unfavorable prognosis disease remains an urgent unresolved problem modern oncology. Aim . To determine role spontaneous regression occurrence based analysis literature data their systematization. Results. This review reflects various global research progression. Spontaneous immunological process which disappearance cells observed, leads division into separate islands intermediate areas non-tumor tissue. The mechanism primary SM, as well its significance, not understood studied. Of course, most researchers primarily associate immune response, since lymphocytic infiltration was noted cases regression. presence lymphoid infiltration, quantitative qualitative ratio cells, are important development process, affect effectiveness immunotherapy greater extent factor favorable prognosis. Conclusion still controversial issue. Interestingly, number studies demonstrate that independent predictor SM.

Language: Английский

Targeting lipid metabolism in regulatory T cells for enhancing cancer immunotherapy DOI Creative Commons
Yang Liu, Xingyue Wang,

Shu‐Rong Wang

et al.

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 189259 - 189259

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

As immunosuppressive cells, Regulatory T cells (Tregs) exert their influence on tumor immune escape within the microenvironment (TME) by effectively suppressing activity of other thereby significantly impeding anti-tumor response. In recent years, metabolic characteristics Tregs have become a focus research, especially important role lipid metabolism in maintaining function Tregs. Consequently, targeted interventions aimed at modulating been recognized as an innovative and promising approach to enhance effectiveness immunotherapy. This review presents comprehensive overview pivotal regulating Tregs, with specific targeting augment responses. Furthermore, we discuss potential opportunities challenges associated this strategy, aiming provide novel insights for enhancing efficacy cancer

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Reprogramming the breast tumor immune microenvironment: cold-to-hot transition for enhanced immunotherapy DOI Creative Commons
Saber Imani, Reyhaneh Farghadani, Ghazaal Roozitalab

et al.

Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 44(1)

Published: April 25, 2025

Abstract This review discusses reprogramming the breast tumor immune microenvironment from an immunosuppressive cold state to immunologically active hot state. A complex interplay is revealed, in which accumulation of metabolic byproducts—such as lactate, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and ammonia—is shown impair T-cell function promote escape. It demonstrated that (TME) dominated by cytokines, including interleukin-10 (IL-10), transforming growth factorβ (TGFβ), IL-35. Notably, IL-35 produced regulatory T cells cancer cells. The conversion conventional into IL-35-producing induced cells, along with inhibition pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, contributes suppression anti-tumor immunity. further key checkpoint molecules—such PD-1, PDL1, CTLA-4, TIM-3, LAG-3, TIGIT—are upregulated within TME, leading Tcell exhaustion diminished responses. blockade these checkpoints restore functionality proposed a strategy convert tumors ones robust effector cell infiltration. therapeutic potential chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)T therapy also explored, targeting specific tumor-associated antigens, such glycoproteins tyrosine kinases, highlighted. suggested CART efficacy can be enhanced combining inhibitors other immunomodulatory agents, thereby overcoming barriers imposed TME. Moreover, role microbiome regulating estrogen metabolism systemic inflammation reviewed. Alterations gut microbiota are affect microbiome-based interventions additional means facilitate cold-to-hot transition. concluded immunological pathways underpin suppression—through combination strategies involving blockade, therapies, modulation—the TME achieved. anticipated enhance infiltration function, improving overall immunotherapies better clinical outcomes for patients.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Anti-TNFR2 Antibody and HMGN1 Combined with TIL Cell Therapy Inhibits Colorectal Cancer Progression by Enhancing Immune Response DOI
Hang Lv, Yujie Nie, Huan Gui

et al.

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 29, 2025

Abstract Background Immunotherapy utilizing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has demonstrated exceptional effectiveness in the treatment of diverse solid tumors. However, existing procedures typically involve lymphodepleting chemotherapy using cyclophosphamide and high-dose IL-2 to support proliferation activity reintroduced TILs, despite common occurrence systemic toxicity.Methods A CT26 colorectal cancer mouse model was established this research. Tumor tissues were removed, TILs isolated cultured vitro. The TIL identity validated via flow cytometry. Mice received with an anti-TNFR2 antibody, HMGN1, assess new immune-combination therapy against Flow cytometry employed analyze CD8+ T cells, CD4+ Treg function evaluated CCK8 assays.Results Administration antibody HMGN1 not only stimulated but also suppressed cells within tumor tissues, thereby markedly enhancing TIL-mediated anti-tumor mice. receiving combination achieved complete eradication significantly prolonged survival. This substantial suppression 4T1 breast model.Conclusion combined synergistically alleviates immunosuppression by decreasing regulatory (Treg cells). decrease results successful tumors vivo promoting expansion TIL.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Regulatory T Cells in Tumor Microenvironment: Therapeutic Approaches and Clinical Implications DOI
Niti Sureka, Sufian Zaheer

Cell Biology International, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 14, 2025

ABSTRACT Regulatory T cells (Tregs), previously referred to as suppressor cells, represent a distinct subset of CD4+ that are uniquely specialized for immune suppression. They characterized by the constitutive expression transcription factor FoxP3 in their nuclei, along with CD25 (the IL‐2 receptor α‐chain) and CTLA‐4 on cell surface. Tregs not only restrict natural killer cell‐mediated cytotoxicity but also inhibit proliferation CD8+ T‐cells suppress interferon‐γ secretion ultimately impairing an effective antitumor response. Treg widely recognized significant barrier effectiveness tumor immunotherapy clinical settings. Extensive research has consistently shown play pivotal role facilitating initiation progression. Conversely, depletion been linked marked delay growth development.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
The effect of spontaneous tumor regression on melanoma progression DOI Creative Commons
К. С. Титов, M. V. Sorokina, Oxana Paklina

et al.

Russian Journal of Biotherapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(4), P. 22 - 29

Published: Dec. 19, 2024

Background. Skin melanoma (SM) is a malignant non-epithelial tumor of transformed melanocytes with predominant localization on the skin (more than 90 % cases). According to statistics for 2021, SM in Russia accounted 1.82 all neoplasms adult population and 12.65 tumors. There has been steady annual increase incidence throughout world, especially countries predominantly Caucasian population. In Russia, over past 10 years, mortality from increased by 17.6 %. heterogeneous high metastatic potential, because addition standard clinical pathomorphological prognostic factors, identification additional factors progression unfavorable prognosis disease remains an urgent unresolved problem modern oncology. Aim . To determine role spontaneous regression occurrence based analysis literature data their systematization. Results. This review reflects various global research progression. Spontaneous immunological process which disappearance cells observed, leads division into separate islands intermediate areas non-tumor tissue. The mechanism primary SM, as well its significance, not understood studied. Of course, most researchers primarily associate immune response, since lymphocytic infiltration was noted cases regression. presence lymphoid infiltration, quantitative qualitative ratio cells, are important development process, affect effectiveness immunotherapy greater extent factor favorable prognosis. Conclusion still controversial issue. Interestingly, number studies demonstrate that independent predictor SM.

Language: Английский

Citations

0