Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
8(1)
Published: March 2, 2023
Abstract
Epigenetics
regulates
gene
expression
and
has
been
confirmed
to
play
a
critical
role
in
variety
of
metabolic
diseases,
such
as
diabetes,
obesity,
non-alcoholic
fatty
liver
disease
(NAFLD),
osteoporosis,
gout,
hyperthyroidism,
hypothyroidism
others.
The
term
‘epigenetics’
was
firstly
proposed
1942
with
the
development
technologies,
exploration
epigenetics
made
great
progresses.
There
are
four
main
epigenetic
mechanisms,
including
DNA
methylation,
histone
modification,
chromatin
remodelling,
noncoding
RNA
(ncRNA),
which
exert
different
effects
on
diseases.
Genetic
non-genetic
factors,
ageing,
diet,
exercise,
interact
jointly
affect
formation
phenotype.
Understanding
could
be
applied
diagnosing
treating
diseases
clinic,
biomarkers,
drugs,
editing.
In
this
review,
we
introduce
brief
history
well
milestone
events
since
proposal
‘epigenetics’.
Moreover,
summarise
research
methods
general
mechanisms
modulation.
Furthermore,
interaction
between
genetic
or
factors.
Finally,
clinical
trials
applications
Abstract
Osteoporotic
fractures
lead
to
increased
disability
and
mortality
in
the
elderly
population.
With
rapid
increase
aging
population
around
globe,
more
effective
treatments
for
osteoporosis
osteoporotic
are
urgently
required.
The
underlying
molecular
mechanisms
of
believed
be
due
activity
osteoclasts,
decreased
osteoblasts,
or
both,
which
leads
an
imbalance
bone
remodeling
process
with
accelerated
resorption
attenuated
formation.
Currently,
available
clinical
have
mostly
focused
on
factors
influencing
remodeling;
however,
they
their
own
limitations
side
effects.
Recently,
cytokine
immunotherapy,
gene
therapy,
stem
cell
therapy
become
new
approaches
treatment
various
diseases.
This
article
reviews
latest
research
mechanisms,
as
well
how
this
underpins
current
potential
novel
osteoporosis.
Journal of Translational Medicine,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
20(1)
Published: Jan. 3, 2022
Exosomal
miRNAs
have
attracted
much
attention
due
to
their
critical
role
in
regulating
genes
and
the
altered
expression
of
virtually
all
cancers
affecting
humans
(Sun
et
al.
Mol
Cancer
17(1):14,
2018).
modulate
processes
that
interfere
with
cancer
immunity
microenvironment,
are
significantly
involved
tumor
growth,
invasion,
metastasis,
angiogenesis
drug
resistance.
Fully
investigating
detailed
mechanism
occurrence
development
various
could
help
not
only
treatment
but
also
prevention
malignant
diseases.
The
current
review
highlighted
recently
published
advances
regarding
cancer-derived
exosomes,
e.g.,
sorting
delivery
mechanisms
for
RNAs.
cell-to-cell
communication,
impacting
angiogenesis,
metastasis
multiple
biological
features,
were
discussed.
Finally,
potential
exosomal
as
diagnostic
prognostic
molecular
markers
was
summarized,
well
usefulness
detecting
resistance
therapeutic
agents.
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
153, P. 113463 - 113463
Published: Aug. 5, 2022
Diabetes
mellitus
is
a
major
cause
of
blindness
and
chronic
ulcers
in
the
working
age
population
worldwide.
Former
research
have
found
that
differentially
expressed
circular
RNAs
(circRNAs)
are
associated
with
hyperglycemia
(HG)-induced
endothelial
cell
damage.
And
adipose-derived
stem
cells
(ADSCs)-exosome
transplant
more
therapeutic
effect
to
enhance
wound
healing
diabetic
mice
by
delivery
circRNA.
The
current
investigation
employed
high-throughput
sequencing
identify
circRNAs
abnormally
progenitor
(EPCs)
under
HG
conditions.
regulatory
mechanism
predicted
targets
one
circRNA,
circ-Snhg11,
were
investigated
utilizing
bioinformatics
analyses,
luciferase
reporter
assays,
angiogenic
differentiation
flow
cytometric
apoptosis
analysis,
RT-qPCR.
result
show
circ-Snhg11
expression
decreased
EPCs
conditions
overexpression
suppressed
HG-induced
damage
M1-like
macrophage
polarization.
miR-144-3p
HIF-1α
identified
as
downstream
which
was
further
verified
analysis.
or
inhibition
reversed
protective
on
dysfunction,
evidenced
increased
apoptosis,
abnormal
vascular
differentiation,
secretion
inflammatory
factors.
In
addition,
regarding
M2-like
polarization
These
findings
suggest
promotes
through
sponging.
Our
data
demonstrate
exosome
from
ADSCs
suppresses
induces
via
miR-144-3p/HIF-1α
axis.
Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
14, P. 1759720X2210835 - 1759720X2210835
Published: Jan. 1, 2022
Patients
living
with
osteoporosis
are
projected
to
increase
dramatically
in
the
next
decade.
Alongside
forecasted
increased
societal
and
economic
burden,
we
will
live
a
crisis
of
fractures.
However,
have
novel
pharmacological
treatment
face
this
and,
more
importantly,
new
optimized
strategies.
Fracture
liaison
services
be
probably
implemented
on
large
scale
worldwide,
helping
prevent
additional
fractures
high-risk
patients.
In
decade,
advances
diagnostic
tools
largely
available.
Moreover,
precise
fracture
risk
assessment
change
our
ability
detect
patients
at
high
Finally,
big
data
artificial
intelligence
help
us
move
forward
into
world
precision
medicine.
present
review,
discuss
future
epidemiology
costs
osteoporosis,
early
accurate
diagnosis
special
focus
biomarkers
imaging
tools.
Then
examine
refined
tools,
role
services,
perspective
treatment.
International Journal of Molecular Medicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
54(1)
Published: May 27, 2024
Osteoporosis
is
a
common
bone
metabolic
disease
that
causes
heavy
social
burden
and
seriously
threatens
life.
Improving
osteogenic
capacity
necessary
to
correct
mass
loss
in
the
treatment
of
osteoporosis.
Osteoblasts
are
derived
from
differentiation
marrow
mesenchymal
stem
cells,
process
opposes
adipogenic
differentiation.
The
peroxisome
proliferator‑activated
receptor
γ
Wnt/β‑catenin
signaling
pathways
mediate
mutual
regulation
osteogenesis
adipogenesis.
Lipid
substances
play
an
important
role
occurrence
development
content
proportion
lipids
modulate
activity
immunocytes,
mainly
macrophages,
secretion
inflammatory
factors,
such
as
IL‑1,
IL‑6
TNF‑α.
These
effectors
increase
promote
osteoclasts,
which
leads
imbalance
stronger
resorption.
Obesity
also
decreases
antioxidases
oxidative
stress,
thereby
inhibiting
osteogenesis.
present
review
starts
by
examining
bidirectional
BM‑MSCs,
describes
detail
mechanism
affect
metabolism,
discusses
regulatory
inflammation
stress
this
process.
concludes
reasonable
adjustment
lipids,
alleviation
storms
damage
induced
lipid
imbalances,
will
improve
treat
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
8
Published: Jan. 25, 2021
Osteoporosis
is
a
metabolic
disease
characterized
by
decreased
bone
mineral
density
and
the
destruction
of
microstructure,
which
can
lead
to
increased
fragility
risk
fracture.
In
recent
years,
with
deepening
research
on
pathological
mechanism
osteoporosis,
epigenetics
has
made
significant
progress.
Epigenetics
refers
changes
in
gene
expression
levels
that
are
not
caused
sequences,
mainly
including
DNA
methylation,
histone
modification,
non-coding
RNAs
(lncRNA,
microRNA,
circRNA).
play
post-transcriptional
regulatory
role
have
important
functions
biological
signal
network.
Studies
shown
epigenetic
mechanisms
closely
related
osteogenic
differentiation,
osteogenesis,
remodeling
other
metabolism-related
processes.
Abnormal
regulation
series
diseases,
such
as
osteoporosis.
Considering
metabolism,
we
review
progress
(DNA
RNAs)
differentiation
pathogenesis
osteoporosis
provide
new
direction
for
treatment
diseases.
Genes,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
12(8), P. 1289 - 1289
Published: Aug. 23, 2021
Since
the
discovery
of
first
microRNA
(miRNA),
exploration
miRNA
biology
has
come
to
a
new
era
in
recent
decades.
Monumental
studies
have
proven
that
miRNAs
can
be
dysregulated
different
types
cancers
and
roles
turn
out
function
either
tumor
promoters
or
suppressors.
The
interplay
between
development
grabbed
attention
as
novel
tools
targets
for
therapeutic
attempts.
Moreover,
delivery
system
accelerates
preclinical
implications.
In
this
review,
we
depict
advances
cancer
discuss
potential
diagnostic
approaches
miRNAs.
Pharmaceutics,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
14(5), P. 1012 - 1012
Published: May 8, 2022
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
small
membrane
that
can
be
secreted
by
most
cells.
EVs
released
into
the
extracellular
environment
through
exocytosis,
transporting
endogenous
cargo
(proteins,
lipids,
RNAs,
etc.)
to
target
cells
and
thereby
triggering
release
of
these
biomolecules
participating
in
various
physiological
pathological
processes.
Among
them,
derived
from
bone
marrow
mesenchymal
stem
(BMSC-EVs)
have
similar
therapeutic
effects
BMSCs,
including
repairing
damaged
tissues,
inhibiting
macrophage
polarization
promoting
angiogenesis.
In
addition,
BMSC-EVs,
as
efficient
feasible
natural
nanocarriers
for
drug
delivery,
advantages
low
immunogenicity,
no
ethical
controversy,
good
stability
easy
storage,
thus
providing
a
promising
strategy
many
diseases.
particular,
BMSC-EVs
show
great
potential
treatment
metabolic
This
article
reviews
mechanism
formation
resorption,
which
provides
new
insights
future
research
on
strategies
