Towards Indicators for a Negative Emissions Climate Stabilisation Index: Problems and Prospects DOI Open Access
Mathias Fridahl, Anders Hansson, Simon Haikola

et al.

Climate, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8(6), P. 75 - 75

Published: June 11, 2020

The incongruence between the United Nations objective to hold global warming well below 2 °C and rate of emission reductions has intensified interest in negative emissions. Previous research explored several pros cons individual emissions technologies. Systematised approaches comparing prioritising among them are, however, largely lacking. In response this gap literature, article reviews scientific literature on indicators for designing climate stabilisation value indexes. An index typically provides summary measures components, often denoted indicators. Utilizing a narrative review methodology, derives five categories underpinned by overlapping mutually reinforcing environmental socio-economic values. A list 21 are proposed capture both positive values associated with effectiveness, efficiency, scale, risk, synergies. While discussing capable providing guidance is timely, given emerging shift away from pure reduction targets towards net-zero targets, numerous complexities involved determining their relative results herein serve inform policy making prioritisation incentivisation technologies delivering new objectives, highlight many risks uncertainties such exercises. concludes that systematic comparison NETs incomplete. iterative, interdisciplinary programme exploring questions potential be extremely rewarding.

Language: Английский

Changes in Climate and Land Use Over the Amazon Region: Current and Future Variability and Trends DOI Creative Commons
José A. Marengo, Carlos Souza, Kirsten Thonicke

et al.

Frontiers in Earth Science, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: Dec. 21, 2018

This paper shows recent progress in our understanding of climate variability and trends the Amazon region, how these interact with land use change. The review includes an overview up-to-date information on hydrological variability, warming Amazonia, which reached 0.6-0.7 °C over last 40 years, 2016 as warmest year since at least 1950 (0.9 +0.3°C). We focus local remote drivers impacts length dry season, role forest carbon cycles, resilience forest, risk fires biomass burning, potential "die back" forests if surpassing a "tipping point". moisture recycling transport is also investigated, model development for change projections region included. In sum, future sustainability Amazonian its many services requires management strategies that consider likelihood multi-year droughts superimposed continued trend. Science has assembled enough knowledge to underline global regional importance intact can support policymaking keep this sensitive ecosystem functioning. major challenge substantial resources strategic cross-national planning, unique blend expertise capacities established countries from international collaboration. highlights deforestation control policy mitigation options Paris Agreement 2015.

Language: Английский

Citations

403
Sustainable Development Goals: Their Impacts on Forests and People DOI

Pia Katila,

Pia Katila,

Kathleen Lawlor

et al.

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 2, 2019

Forests provide vital ecosystem services crucial to human well-being and sustainable development, have an important role play in achieving the seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of United Nations 2030 Agenda. Little attention, however, has yet focused on how efforts achieve SDGs will impact forests forest-related livelihoods, these impacts may, turn, enhance or undermine contributions climate development. This book discusses conditions that influence are implemented prioritised, provides a systematic, multidisciplinary global assessment interlinkages among their targets, increasing understanding potential synergies unavoidable trade-offs between goals. Ideal for academic researchers, students decision-makers interested development context forests, this invaluable knowledge undertaken reach SDGs. title is available as Open Access via Cambridge Core.

Language: Английский

Citations

151
Adding forests to the water–energy–food nexus DOI
Felipe P. L. Melo, Luke Parry, Pedro H. S. Brancalion

et al.

Nature Sustainability, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 4(2), P. 85 - 92

Published: Sept. 14, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

117
Review: The influence of global change on Europe’s water cycle and groundwater recharge DOI
Thomas Riedel, Tobias K. D. Weber

Hydrogeology Journal, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 28(6), P. 1939 - 1959

Published: May 28, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

98
Unravelling the functions of biogenic volatiles in boreal and temperate forest ecosystems DOI Creative Commons
Maja Šimpraga, Rajendra P. Ghimire, Dominique Van Der Straeten

et al.

European Journal of Forest Research, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 138(5), P. 763 - 787

Published: July 29, 2019

Living trees are the main source of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) in forest ecosystems, but substantial emissions originate from leaf and wood litter, rhizosphere microorganisms. This review focuses on temperate boreal ecosystems roles BVOCs ecosystem function, to canopy soil atmosphere level. Moreover, emphasis is given question how will help forests adapt environmental stress, particularly biotic stress related climate change. Trees use their vascular system internal communication, emitted have extended communication tree population whole community levels beyond. Future forestry practices should consider importance attraction repulsion attacking bark beetles, also take an advantage herbivore-induced improve efficiency natural enemies herbivores. extensively involved services provided by including positive effects human health. a key role ozone formation quenching. Oxidation products form secondary aerosols that disperse sunlight deeper into canopy, affect cloud ultimately climate. We discuss technical side reliable BVOC sampling for future interdisciplinary studies bridge gaps between sciences, health chemical ecology, conservation biology, physiology atmospheric science.

Language: Английский

Citations

92
Large Trees Dominate Carbon Storage in Forests East of the Cascade Crest in the United States Pacific Northwest DOI Creative Commons
David J. Mildrexler, Logan T. Berner, B. E. Law

et al.

Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 3

Published: Nov. 5, 2020

Large-diameter trees store disproportionally massive amounts of carbon and are a major driver cycle dynamics in forests worldwide. In the temperate western U.S., proposed changes to Forest Plans would significantly weaken protections for large portion greater than 53 cm (21 inches) diameter (herein referred as "large-diameter trees") across 11.5 million acres (⁓4.7 ha) National lands. This study is among first report how storage forest ecosystems be affected by policy. We examined proportion large-diameter on lands east Cascade Mountains crest Oregon Washington, their contribution overall aboveground (AGC) storage, potential reduction stocks resulting from widespread harvest. analyzed inventory data collected 3,335 plots found that play role accumulated stock these forests. Tree AGC (kg) increases sharply with tree at breast height (DBH; cm) five dominant species. Large accounted 2.0 3.7% all stems (DBH ≥ 1" or 2.54 species; but held 33 46% total stored each Pooled species, 3% 636,520 occurring 42% AGC. A recently large-scale vegetation management project involved harvest trees, mostly grand fir, have removed ~44% released amount dioxide atmosphere. Given urgency keeping additional out atmosphere continuing accumulation protect climate system, it prudent continue protecting stores, also co-benefits habitat biodiversity, resilience drought fire, microclimate buffering under future extremes.

Language: Английский

Citations

91
Landscape changes and their hydrologic effects: Interactions and feedbacks across scales DOI
Clare Stephens, Upmanu Lall, Fiona Johnson

et al.

Earth-Science Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 212, P. 103466 - 103466

Published: Dec. 8, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

80
Amazonian biogenic volatile organic compounds under global change DOI
Ana María Yáñez‐Serrano, Efstratios Bourtsoukidis, Eliane Gomes Alves

et al.

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 26(9), P. 4722 - 4751

Published: May 23, 2020

Abstract Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) play important roles at cellular, foliar, ecosystem and atmospheric levels. The Amazonian rainforest represents one of the major global sources BVOCs, so its study is essential for understanding BVOC dynamics. It also provides insights into role such large biodiverse forest in regional chemistry climate. We review current information on BVOCs identify future research priorities exploring biogenic emissions drivers, ecological interactions, impacts, depositional processes modifications to dynamics due changes climate land cover. A feedback loop between trends land‐use Amazonia then constructed. Satellite observations model simulation time series demonstrate validity proposed showing a combined effect change deforestation emission Amazonia. decreasing trend isoprene during wet season, most likely biomass loss, an increasing sesquiterpene ratio dry season suggest temperature stress‐induced change.

Language: Английский

Citations

78
Sun-induced fluorescence closely linked to ecosystem transpiration as evidenced by satellite data and radiative transfer models DOI
Wouter H. Maes, Brianna R. Pagán, Brecht Martens

et al.

Remote Sensing of Environment, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 249, P. 112030 - 112030

Published: Aug. 12, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

76
Soil resistance and recovery during neotropical forest succession DOI Creative Commons
Masha T. van der Sande, Jennifer S. Powers, Thomas W. Kuyper

et al.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 378(1867)

Published: Nov. 14, 2022

The recovery of soil conditions is crucial for successful ecosystem restoration and, hence, achieving the goals UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. Here, we assess how soils resist forest conversion and agricultural land use, recover during subsequent tropical succession abandoned fields. Our overarching question resistance depend local such as climate, type land-use history. For 300 plots in 21 sites across Neotropics, used a chronosequence approach which sampled from two depths old-growth forests, fields (i.e. crop pastures), secondary forests that differ age (1–95 years) since abandonment. We measured six properties using standardized sampling design laboratory analyses. Soil strongly depended conditions. Croplands high-activity clay high fertility) show strong increases bulk density decreases pH, carbon (C) nitrogen (N) deforestation use. Resistance lower probably because sharp decline fine root biomass croplands upper layers, litter input formerly productive (on clays). also During succession, clays decreased most increased C N, possibly compacted with low N after cropland abandonment, rapid vegetation leading to greater growth input. Furthermore, at precipitation whereas : ratio. Extractable phosphorus (P) did not suggesting P limitation age. These results indicate no single solution exists effective site should determine strategies. This article part theme issue ‘Understanding landscape restoration: reinforcing scientific foundations Restoration’.

Language: Английский

Citations

46