Evolution and implications of SARS-CoV-2 variants in the post-pandemic era

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: June 28, 2024

Abstract SARS-CoV-2, the cause of COVID-19 pandemic, has introduced a challenging era characterized by persistent emergence subvariants. Even after World Health Organization announced end virus continues to evolve, posing significant challenges public health responses. This comprehensive review examines multifaceted impacts these subvariants, emphasizing their significance across diverse dimensions. SARS-CoV-2 genetic variability, especially at spike protein region, which given rise Variants Concern, including Beta, Delta, Gamma, Alpha, and highly mutable Omicron, differently exhibit varying levels immune evasion, disease severity, transmissibility. Subvariants within Omicron lineage, BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, others, further complicate landscape with distinct signatures infectivity levels. The extend diagnostic techniques, treatment strategies, vaccine effectiveness, underscoring need for response preventive measures, genomic surveillance, vaccination campaigns. Sustaining interventions is critical, necessitating long-term strategies considering socio-political factors, community involvement, continuous adaptation healthcare approaches, robust monitoring, sustainable effectively combat virus's ever-changing landscape.

Language: Английский

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A promising mRNA vaccine derived from the JN.1 spike protein confers protective immunity against multiple emerged Omicron variants

Molecular Biomedicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: March 4, 2025

Abstract Despite the declared end of COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve, with emerging JN.1-derived subvariants (e.g., KP.2, KP.3) compromising efficacy current XBB.1.5-based vaccines. To address this, we developed an mRNA vaccine encoding full-length spike protein JN.1, incorporating GSAS and 2P mutations encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). The JN.1-mRNA elicited robust humoral cellular immune responses mice, including high JN.1-specific IgG titers, cross-neutralizing antibodies, increased T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, germinal center (GC) B cell cytokines. Importantly, immunity persisted for up six months induced RBD-specific long-lived plasma cells. We also compared by homologous heterologous vaccination regimens, our results demonstrated that regimen—combining a recombinant (RBD JN.1 -HR)—induced stronger responses. These findings highlight constitutes effective prophylactic approach against JN.1-related variants, as it induces potent neutralizing antibody across all tested lineages. This enhanced immunogenicity is expected significantly reduce hospitalization rates mitigate post-COVID complications associated KP.3 infections. study emphasizes need timely updates adaptability vaccines addressing pathogens, providing framework combating future infectious diseases. Collectively, these offer critical insights design public health strategies response variants.

Language: Английский

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Insights for a Next Pandemic: An Assessment of Laboratory COVID-19 Safety

Safety, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 13 - 13

Published: Feb. 5, 2025

In January 2020, the WHO declared COVID-19 a global pandemic, underscoring importance of safeguarding measures and mental health support for medical professionals due to its serious impact widespread reach. This study aimed assess knowledge gaps in safety guidelines use personal protective equipment (PPE) among staff laboratories, specifically all accredited laboratories actively engaged testing Jordan. Data were collected via blinded, non-stratified electronic questionnaire, with one response submitted from each laboratory through Google Form. The survey targeted personnel affiliated 40 handling testing. A validated questionnaire consisting 25 questions was used evaluate these laboratories. findings indicate that workers certain exhibited deficiencies their understanding regulations, quality control, proper PPE when samples. Additionally, highlights increasing pandemic on individuals’ health. demanding work necessitated by can have negative psychological effects staff. These underscore implementing supportive policies resources mitigate enhance overall well-being personnel. Addressing gaps, improving protocols, providing adequate are crucial steps ensuring enhancing management future pandemics.

Language: Английский

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Fortifying defenses: Tactical safety protocols for COVID-19 sub-variant JN.1 in healthcare and laboratory settings

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 78 - 84

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

A BSTRACT Introduction: Primary care physicians are crucial in fighting COVID-19, especially with the emergence of new JN.1 sub-variant. Measures to Reduce Risk: Given your direct exposure infected patients, it is imperative establish a protocol for triaging patients respiratory symptoms and uphold minimum distance 2 meters between primary physicians. Patients suspected or diagnosed sub-variant should be advised wear surgical masks their protection others protection. must also use personal protective equipment (PPE) maintain strict hand hygiene practices when dealing these patients. Patient samples treated as high risk contamination, laboratory procedures meticulously evaluated potential hazards. PPE tailored procedure. Conclusion: To protect health well-being physicians, who play critical role addressing challenges, essential strictly adhere infection control measures.

Language: Английский

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Temporal correlations between RBD-ACE2 blocking and binding antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 variants in CoronaVac-vaccinated individuals and their persistence in COVID-19 patients

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: May 6, 2025

Abstract Antibodies play a crucial role in protection against SARS-CoV-2. Understanding the correlation between binding and functional antibodies is essential to determine whether antibody levels can reliably predict neutralizing activity. We assessed responses 111 individuals vaccinated with inactivated vaccine CoronaVac COVID-19 patients Thailand. Plasma of ACE2-blocking targeting receptor-binding domain (RBD) SARS-Co-V2 variants were measured before vaccination at 14 28 days after second dose using multiplex surrogate virus neutralization test. Anti-spike anti-nucleocapsid quantified by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, anti-RBD IgG ELISA. After vaccination, blocking, anti-spike, increased but declined rapidly within month, whereas persisted. Blocking anti-spike correlated day post-vaccination not 28. In patients, correlations moderate 14, stronger Correlations weaker for Omicron subvariants than ancestral strain non-Omicron variants. The weak blocking suggests might These findings highlight temporal nature CoronaVac-induced immunity need booster doses variant-adapted vaccine.

Language: Английский

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Impact of COVID-19 on Dental Students’ Mental Health Status and Perception of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine

COVID, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(8), P. 1128 - 1138

Published: July 26, 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted dental education significantly, forcing adaptations in both didactic and clinical curricula. This study evaluates the impact of on students’ mental health perceptions SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. An anonymous online survey was administered to students at Roseman University Health Sciences, focusing experiences vaccination perceptions. Results showed 56.8% were concerned about their emotional health, 82.1% felt stressed, 60.6% depressed. About 81.9% received vaccine, with 75.5% believing it effective, though only 55.3% supported mandatory vaccination. negatively impacted indicating a need for institutional support. conducted during pandemic, findings relate specifically that period. Further research can focus investigation reasonings behind sentiments.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 Infection Decreases Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Time-Trial Performance Even Two Months After Returning to Regular Training — Insights from A Longitudinal Case Series of Well-Trained Kayak Athletes

Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(4), P. 350 - 358

Published: June 19, 2024

The aims of this study were to examine the effect SARS-CoV-2 infection on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and time-trial performance in vaccinated well-trained young kayak athletes. This is a longitudinal observational study. Sixteen (7 male, 9 female) kayakers underwent body composition assessment, maximal graded exercise test, 1000-m tests 21.9 ± 1.7 days before 66.0 2.2 after infection. perception training load was quantified with Borg's CR-10 scale return sport period. There significant decreases peak oxygen uptake (-9.7%; size [ES] =1.38), pulse (-5.7%; ES =0.96), heart rate (-1.9%; =0.61). Peak minute ventilation, ventilation/carbon dioxide production slope unchanged compared pre-infection values. In entire 1000-m, impaired tendencies found completion time, mean power, speed (-2.4 1.2%; small ESs =-0.40 0.47) as well changes stroke length (-4.5 3.7%; =-0.60 0.73). decreased CRF even two months regular

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 Hospitalization Outcomes for Long-Term Care Facility Residents With Dementia: Mediation by Pre-existing Health Conditions

Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Background: This study explores COVID-19 emergency admission and length of hospital stay hospitalization outcomes for Long-Term Care Facility (LTCF) residents with dementia. Methods: Utilizing a cross-sectional case control design, we employed logistic regression to analyze Texas Inpatient Public Use Data File (PUDF) 1,413 dementia patients 1,674 non-dementia (>60 years) predict mediation by pre-existing conditions. Results: LTCF have higher likelihood shorter stays. Adjusting confounders demographics, health insurance, lifestyle, diagnosis remained significantly associated stays preexisting Conclusion: Findings underscore the heightened risk adverse care disparities Targeted support programs should aim improve their COVID19 outcomes, treating conditions reducing excess mortality.

Language: Английский

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Predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among biomedical students of Rivers State University

Academia Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 1(4)

Published: Nov. 22, 2024

Language: Английский

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A six-plex digital PCR assay for monitoring respiratory viruses in wastewater

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 10, 2024

ABSTRACT Wastewater-based surveillance systems can track trends in multiple pathogens simultaneously by leveraging efficient, streamlined laboratory processing. In Switzerland, wastewater is conducted for fourteen locations representing 2.3 million people, or 26% of the national population, with simultaneous four respiratory pathogens. Trends diseases are tracked using a novel, six-plex digital PCR assay targeting Influenza A, B, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, and SARS-CoV-2 N1 N2 genes, as well Murine Hepatitis Virus recovery efficiency control. The multiplex was developed to ensure sensitivity accurate quantification all targets simultaneously. Wastewater data also integrated disease obtained through both mandatory reporting system Swiss Sentinel System (Sentinella), voluntary general practitioners. Comparisons between case from July 2023 2024 demonstrate high level agreement, specifically SARS-CoV-2, Virus. Lower correspondence observed which highlights challenges tracking dynamics during seasons without pronounced outbreak periods. monitoring further revealed that gene led divergent estimates SARS-Cov-2 viral loads, highlighting impact mutations target region on trends. study emphasizes importance an program complementary tool public health demonstrating clear concordance clinical beyond SARS-CoV-2.

Language: Английский

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