Demographic processes and fire regimes interact to influence plant population persistence under changing climates DOI Creative Commons
Sarah C. McColl‐Gausden, Lauren T. Bennett, Casey Visintin

et al.

Ecography, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 16, 2024

Individual and interactive effects of changing climate shifting fire regimes are influencing many plant species across the globe. Climate change will likely have significant impacts on population viability over time by altering environmental conditions wildfire as well demographic traits. However, outcomes these complex interactions for different functional types under future been rarely examined. We used a proof‐of‐concept case‐study approach to model multiple two types, obligate seeder facultative resprouter, examine shifts regime persistence landscapes 7000 km 2 in temperate southeastern Australia. Our involves novel combination simulation tool with spatially explicit analysis model. simulated six climates representing temperature precipitation combined them 16 hypothetical scenarios, characterised changes individual or processes. Plant populations were more decline become extinct due processes than alone. Although both vulnerable climate‐induced demography, was also negatively influenced shorter intervals. Integrating simulations analyses increased our capacity identify those most at risk extinction, why, change. This flexible framework is first step exploring that determine improve research management prioritisation into future.

Language: Английский

Biodiversity impacts of the 2019–2020 Australian megafires DOI Creative Commons
Don A. Driscoll, Kristina J. Macdonald, Rebecca K. Gibson

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 635(8040), P. 898 - 905

Published: Nov. 13, 2024

With large wildfires becoming more frequent1,2, we must rapidly learn how megafires impact biodiversity to prioritize mitigation and improve policy. A key challenge is discover interactions among fire-regime components, drought land tenure shape wildfire impacts. The globally unprecedented3,4 2019–2020 Australian burnt than 10 million hectares5, prompting major investment in monitoring. Collated data include responses of 2,000 taxa, providing an unparalleled opportunity quantify affect biodiversity. We reveal that the largest effects on plants animals were areas with frequent or recent past fires within extensively areas. Areas at high severity, outside protected under extreme also had larger effects. included declines increases after fire, rainforests by mammals. Our results implicate species interactions, dispersal extent situ survival as mechanisms underlying fire responses. Building resilience into these ecosystems depends reducing recurrence, including rapid suppression frequently burnt. Defending wet ecosystems, expanding considering localized could contribute. While countermeasures can help mitigate impacts megafires, reversing anthropogenic climate change remains urgent broad-scale solution. Data collected from taxa provide biodiversity, revealing

Language: Английский

Citations

21
A Pantropical Analysis of Fire Impacts and Post‐Fire Species Recovery of Plant Life Forms DOI Creative Commons
Dharma P. Sapkota, David P. Edwards, Mike R. Massam

et al.

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Fires are a key environmental driver that modify ecosystems and global biodiversity. can negatively positively impact biodiversity ecosystem functioning, depending on how frequently fire occurs in the focal ecosystem, but factors influencing responses to inadequately understood. We conduct pan‐tropical analysis of systematically collated data spanning 5257 observations 1705 plant species (trees shrubs, forbs, graminoids climbers) burnt unburnt plots from 28 studies. use model averaging mixed effect models assessing richness turnover (comparing communities) vary with time since fire, type, protected area status biome type (fire sensitive or adaptive). Our analyses bring three findings. First, prescribed non‐prescribed burns have contrasting impacts (trees/shrubs climbers); favours increased compared burns. Second, recovery composition varies across all life form groups; forb's recovered faster over forms. Third, protection alters trees/shrubs climbers graminoids. Non‐protected areas exhibit higher trees/shrubs, climbers. Graminoid quicker sites unprotected ones. Since intervals decreasing fire‐sensitive biomes increasing fire‐adaptive biomes, communities much tropics likely change response exposure future.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
The influence of changing fire regimes on specialized plant–animal interactions DOI Creative Commons
Felicity E. Charles, April E. Reside, Annabel L. Smith

et al.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 380(1924)

Published: April 1, 2025

Ecological effects of changing fire regimes are well documented for plant and animal populations, but less is known about how influences, influenced by, specialized plant–animal interactions. In this review, we identified mutualistic (pollination, seed dispersal food provision), commensal (habitat provision) antagonistic (seed predation, herbivory parasitism) interactions from fire-prone ecosystems. We focused on where a single genus depended one to two genera in family or animal. categorized the partner’s post-fire reproductive mode assess likely outcome ecological functions provided by these Traits underlying specialization ecosystems plants were: mode, time maturity, morphology phenology; and, animals: dispersal, organs, nesting egg deposition substrates, consumption behaviours pollinator behaviours. Finally, number cases stabilizing feedbacks maintained under natural regimes. Potential reinforcing were also identified, more happen abruptly result collapse partnership, partner switching. Our synthesis reveals regime changes impact fire-dependent specialist potentially drive eco-evolutionary dynamics globally. This article part theme issue ‘Novel climate human influences: impacts, ecosystem responses feedbacks’.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Using plant functional types to predict the influence of fire on species relative abundance DOI Creative Commons
Ella S. Plumanns-Pouton, Matthew Swan, Trent D. Penman

et al.

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 292, P. 110555 - 110555

Published: March 25, 2024

Fire influences plant survival, reproduction, and establishment. Consequently, plants exhibit fire-related traits. Grouping species with similar traits into Plant Functional Types (PFTs) enables predictions of fire–related change based on ecological mechanisms. However, if PFTs are to advance conservation decision-making, we must know robust. We developed a PFT approach predict how relative abundance changes as function time since fire, tested empirically. First, used trait databases knowledge assign Second, graphical in abundance. Third, collected data at 57 sites, across an 81–year post–fire chronosequence. Finally, using non–linear regression models. Predictions the direction (increase or decrease from 0 81 years fire) were correct for 18 24 modelled. shape not accurate, but still useful: 13 out showed 'excellent' conformity predictions, 7 'good' conformity, 4 'poor'. Broader functional groupings commonly ecology, such facultative resprouter, inadequately captured An this study is that trajectory can be predicted deductive represent population processes. This suggests generalize fire responses share traits, thus inform biodiversity management.

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Seed dormancy and germination in Myrtaceae: a palaeohistory, tribe, life cycle and geographical distribution perspective DOI
Carol C. Baskin,

Jerry M. Baskin

Seed Science Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 31

Published: April 16, 2025

Abstract The Myrtaceae is the ninth largest angiosperm family with c . 6000 species, and it diverged from its closest relative Vochysiaceae 100 Ma in southern Gondwana before final separation of South America Australia Antarctica. has trees shrubs a few viny epiphytes but no herbs mainly occurs tropics temperate regions Mediterranean climate. Numerous fleshy-fruited species dry-fruited have evolved moist seasonally dry (fire-prone) regions, respectively. Five kinds fully developed embryos are found seeds, at maturity seeds either nondormant (ND) or physiological dormancy, regardless embryo morphology, kind fruit produced, life form, habitat/vegetation region tribe. Dormant wet habitats become ND germinate high temperatures. during hot, season onset season; only temperatures over range low to temperatures, depending on species. Seeds animal-dispersed, some Myrteae Syzygieae desiccation-sensitive and/or exhibit totipotency. Relatively form persistent soil seed bank, many fire-prone an aerial bank (serotiny). Heat smoke fires negative, neutral positive effect germination, Challenges for maintaining richness include habitat destruction/fragmentation, pathogenic fungi climate change, especially patterns precipitation.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
How do intervals between fires influence canopy seed production and viability? DOI Creative Commons
Ella S. Plumanns-Pouton, Matthew Swan, Trent D. Penman

et al.

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 38(9), P. 1915 - 1930

Published: July 21, 2024

Abstract Canopy storage of seed (serotiny) is an important persistence strategy in fire‐prone environments. Serotinous populations can be threatened when fire intervals are shorter than the time needed to accumulate seed, or longer plant lifespans. Understanding how regimes influence canopy seedbanks requires study timing maturity, output and germination traits. Research that spans functional types, such as resprouters obligate seeders, helps understand mechanisms through which has influence. Using field data collected at 57 sites a Mediterranean shrubland southeastern Australia, we modelled since mean interval influenced infructescence (hereby cone) production. Additionally, output, viability speed were assessed laboratory. Reproductively mature first observed 2 4 years post‐fire field, reproductively seeders 6 post‐fire, depending on species. plants not short intervals: until 3 9 for nine 18 again, varying by When resprouter species reached decline cone production increased. This was seeder Fire number viable seeds produced within cones one species, Allocasuarina paludosa , but did detect relationship other Germination faster produce few per cone, slower many seeds, indicating trade‐off between fire‐related For example, Hakea rostrata holds two germinated mostly weeks, while Callitris rhomboidea asynchronously over months. Short fires reduce serotinous studied. Obligate more sensitive frequent resprouters. In context expected increases wildfire frequency droughts ecosystems, our findings suggest species' reproduction recruitment will differentially impacted suite Read free Plain Language Summary this article Journal blog.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Conceptual model for assessing a science–policy–management framework for threat mitigation DOI Open Access
Tom Le Breton, Mitchell Lyons,

Bettina Ignacio

et al.

Conservation Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 28, 2024

Abstract Fire regimes are changing globally, leading to an increased need for management interventions protect human lives and interests, potentially conflicting with biodiversity conservation. We conceptualized 5 major aspects of the process required address threats flora used this conceptual model examine identify areas improvement. focused on threat identification, policy design, action implementation. illustrated application through a case study in southeastern Australia, where policies have been designed prevent hazard reduction burns from exposing threatened high‐frequency fire (HFF). examined whether species accurately identified as by HFF, were accounted key policies, implementation reduced incidence HFF target species. Species mostly being and, broadly, effectively minimized HFF. However, 96 did not threat, another 36 missing entirely. Outcomes regarding since introduction specific, despite average increase interval 2 years. Despite policy, over half (55%) studied affected was introduced. Although relatively minor improvements could optimize identification mixed success highlights limitations that warrant further investigation. Our enabled us make clear targeted recommendations how different be improved work is needed. propose can useful variety contexts.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Fire as driver of plant communities and soil properties changes in Puna grasslands in southern Peruvian Andes DOI Creative Commons
Ivon Rocio Gutierrez-Flores,

Max Panca,

Eduardo Oyague

et al.

Environmental Challenges, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17, P. 101044 - 101044

Published: Nov. 4, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Demographic processes and fire regimes interact to influence plant population persistence under changing climates DOI Creative Commons
Sarah C. McColl‐Gausden, Lauren T. Bennett, Casey Visintin

et al.

Ecography, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 16, 2024

Individual and interactive effects of changing climate shifting fire regimes are influencing many plant species across the globe. Climate change will likely have significant impacts on population viability over time by altering environmental conditions wildfire as well demographic traits. However, outcomes these complex interactions for different functional types under future been rarely examined. We used a proof‐of‐concept case‐study approach to model multiple two types, obligate seeder facultative resprouter, examine shifts regime persistence landscapes 7000 km 2 in temperate southeastern Australia. Our involves novel combination simulation tool with spatially explicit analysis model. simulated six climates representing temperature precipitation combined them 16 hypothetical scenarios, characterised changes individual or processes. Plant populations were more decline become extinct due processes than alone. Although both vulnerable climate‐induced demography, was also negatively influenced shorter intervals. Integrating simulations analyses increased our capacity identify those most at risk extinction, why, change. This flexible framework is first step exploring that determine improve research management prioritisation into future.

Language: Английский

Citations

0