Flavonoids and their role in oxidative stress, inflammation, and human diseases

Chemico-Biological Interactions, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 111489 - 111489

Published: March 1, 2025

Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are important drivers in the pathogenesis progression of many diseases, such as cancers breast, kidney, lung, others, autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis), cardiovascular (hypertension, atherosclerosis, arrhythmia), neurodegenerative (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's Huntington's disease), mental disorders (depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder), gastrointestinal (inflammatory bowel colorectal cancer), other disorders. With increasing demand for less toxic more tolerable therapies, flavonoids have potential to effectively modulate responsiveness conventional therapy radiotherapy. Flavonoids polyphenolic compounds found fruits, vegetables, grains, plant-derived beverages. Six twelve structurally different flavonoid subgroups dietary significance include anthocyanidins (e.g. pelargonidin, cyanidin), flavan-3-ols epicatechin, epigallocatechin), flavonols quercetin, kaempferol), flavones luteolin, baicalein), flavanones hesperetin, naringenin), isoflavones (daidzein, genistein). The health benefits related their structural characteristics, number position hydroxyl groups presence C2=C3 double bonds, which predetermine ability chelate metal ions, terminate ROS radicals formed by Fenton reaction), interact with biological targets trigger a response. Based on these can exert both antioxidant or prooxidant properties, activity ROS-scavenging enzymes expression activation proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)), induce apoptosis autophagy, target key signaling pathways, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related 2 (Nrf2) Bcl-2 family proteins. This review aims briefly discuss mutually interconnected aspects oxidative inflammatory mechanisms, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, DNA damage, mechanism resolution inflammation. major part this article discusses role alleviating inflammation, two common components human diseases. results epidemiological studies also presented.

Language: Английский

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Tandem kinase proteins across the plant kingdom

Nature Genetics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 57(1), P. 254 - 262

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Exploring the Pathophysiology of Long COVID: The Central Role of Low-Grade Inflammation and Multisystem Involvement

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(12), P. 6389 - 6389

Published: June 9, 2024

Long COVID (LC), also referred to as Post COVID-19 Condition, Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (PASC), and other terms, represents a complex multisystem disease persisting after the acute phase COVID-19. Characterized by myriad symptoms across different organ systems, LC presents significant diagnostic management challenges. Central disorder is role low-grade inflammation, non-classical inflammatory response that contributes chronicity diversity observed. This review explores pathophysiological underpinnings LC, emphasizing importance inflammation core component. By delineating pathogenetic relationships clinical manifestations this article highlights necessity for an integrated approach employs both personalized medicine standardized protocols aimed at mitigating long-term consequences. The insights gained not only enhance our understanding but inform development therapeutic strategies could be applicable chronic conditions with similar features.

Language: Английский

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Ulcerative colitis: molecular insights and intervention therapy

Molecular Biomedicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Oct. 10, 2024

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by abdominal pain, diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and weight loss. The pathogenesis treatment of UC remain key areas research interest. Various factors, including genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, alterations in the gut microbiota, are believed to contribute UC. Current treatments for include 5-aminosalicylic acids, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, biologics. However, study reported that one-year clinical remission rate only around 40%. It necessary prompt exploration new modalities. Biologic therapies, such as anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibody JAK inhibitor, primarily consist small molecules targeting specific pathways, effectively inducing maintaining remission. Given significant role into intestinal microecologics, probiotics prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) shows promising potential treatment. Additionally, medicinal herbs, chili pepper turmeric, used complementary therapy have shown results management. This article reviews recent findings on mechanisms UC, susceptibility, cell dynamics cytokine regulation, alterations. also discusses current applications biologic therapy, herbal FMT, along with their prospects challenges.

Language: Английский

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Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Neuroinflammation Intervention with Medicinal Plants: A Critical and Narrative Review of the Current Literature

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(1), P. 133 - 133

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

Neuroinflammation is a key factor in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, driven by dysregulation molecular pathways and activation brain’s immune system, resulting release pro-inflammatory oxidative molecules. This chronic inflammation exacerbated peripheral leukocyte infiltration into central nervous system. Medicinal plants, with their historical use traditional medicine, have emerged as promising candidates to mitigate neuroinflammation offer sustainable alternative for addressing conditions green healthcare framework. review evaluates effects medicinal plants on neuroinflammation, emphasizing mechanisms action, effective dosages, clinical implications, based systematic search databases such PubMed, SCOPUS, Web Science. The findings highlight that like Cleistocalyx nervosum var. paniala, Curcuma longa, Cannabis sativa, Dioscorea nipponica reduce cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β), inhibit enzymes (COX-2 iNOS), activate antioxidant pathways, particularly Nrf2. NF-κB primary pathway inhibited across studies. While anti-inflammatory potential these significant, variability dosages phytochemical compositions limits translation. Here, we are modulators underscoring therapeutic potential. Future research should focus animal models, standardized protocols, safety assessments, integrating advanced methodologies, genetic studies nanotechnology, enhance applicability disease management.

Language: Английский

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Ferroptosis meets inflammation: a new frontier in cancer therapy

Cancer Letters, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 217696 - 217696

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Multi-omics architecture of childhood obesity and metabolic dysfunction uncovers biological pathways and prenatal determinants

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Jan. 14, 2025

Childhood obesity poses a significant public health challenge, yet the molecular intricacies underlying its pathobiology remain elusive. Leveraging extensive multi-omics profiling (methylome, miRNome, transcriptome, proteins and metabolites) rich phenotypic characterization across two parts of Europe within population-based Human Early Life Exposome project, we unravel landscape childhood associated metabolic dysfunction. Our integrative analysis uncovers three clusters children defined by specific profiles, one which characterized not only higher adiposity but also high degree complications. This high-risk cluster exhibits complex interplay many biological pathways, predominantly underscored inflammation-related cascades. Further, incorporating comprehensive information from environmental risk-scape critical pregnancy period, identify pre-pregnancy body mass index pollutants like perfluorooctanoate mercury as important determinants cluster. Overall, our work helps to potential risk factors for prevention intervention strategies early in life course aimed at mitigating long-term consequences. Obesity encompasses numerous interconnected pathological mechanisms. Here, authors show that integrating data distinct profiles prenatal linked dysfunction, providing insights strategies.

Language: Английский

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Neuroinflammation and Neurodegenerative Diseases: How Much Do We Still Not Know?

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 19 - 19

Published: Dec. 23, 2023

The term “neuroinflammation” defines the typical inflammatory response of brain closely related to onset many neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Neuroinflammation is well known, but its mechanisms and pathways are not entirely comprehended. Some progresses have been achieved through efforts research. Consequently, new cellular molecular mechanisms, diverse conventional, emerging. In listing some those that will be subject our description discussion, essential important roles peripheral infiltrated monocytes clonotypic cells, alterations in gut–brain axis, dysregulation apelinergic system, endothelial glycocalyx component neuronal vascular units, variations expression genes levels encoding molecules by action microRNAs (miRNAs), or other epigenetic factors distinctive transcriptional factors, as role autophagy, ferroptosis, sex differences, modifications circadian cycle. Such can add significantly understanding complex etiological puzzle neuroinflammation ND. addition, they could represent biomarkers targets ND, which increasing elderly.

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic Inhibition of the JAK-STAT pathway in the treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 79, P. 1 - 15

Published: Aug. 3, 2024

Language: Английский

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Treatment-resistant depression: molecular mechanisms and management

Molecular Biomedicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Oct. 17, 2024

Due to the heterogeneous nature of depression, underlying etiological mechanisms greatly differ among individuals, and there are no known subtype-specific biomarkers serve as precise targets for therapeutic efficacy. The extensive research efforts over past decades have not yielded much success, currently used first-line conventional antidepressants still ineffective close 66% patients. Most clinicians use trial-and-error treatment approaches, which seem beneficial only a fraction patients, with some eventually developing resistance. Here, we review evidence from both preclinical clinical studies on pathogenesis depression antidepressant response. We also discuss efficacy pharmacological non-pharmacological well novel emerging therapies. reveals that in response, specific, but rather involve an interplay between various neurotransmitter systems, inflammatory mediators, stress, HPA axis dysregulation, genetics, other psycho-neurophysiological factors. None current hypotheses sufficiently accounts interactional involved its etiology could partly explain limited success discovering efficacious treatment. Effective management treatment-resistant (TRD) requires targeting several mechanisms, using and/or personalized modalities, could, example, include multi-target pharmacotherapies augmentation psychotherapy approaches. Future guided by interaction provide more insights into potential etiologies TRD, precision biomarker targets, modalities.

Language: Английский

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