Risk assessment of microplastics in freshwater sediments guided by strict quality criteria and data alignment methods

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 441, P. 129814 - 129814

Published: Aug. 22, 2022

Determining the risks of microplastics is difficult because data variable quality and cannot be compared. Although sediments are important sinks for microplastics, no holistic risk assessment framework available this compartment. Here we assess in freshwater worldwide, using strict criteria alignment methods. Published exposure were screened new sediment rescaled to standard 1-5000 µm microplastic size range. Threshold effect also aligned account polydispersity environmental their bioaccessible fraction. Risks characterized effects triggered by food dilution or translocation, ingested particle volume surface area as ecologically relevant metrics, respectively. Based on species sensitivity distributions, determined Hazardous Concentrations 5% (HC5, with 95% CI) 4.9 × 109 (6.6 107 - 1.9 1011) 1.1 1010 (3.2 108 4.0 particles / kg dry weight, For all locations considered, concentrations either below margin uncertainty HC5 values. We conclude that from benthic communities excluded at current worldwide.

Language: Английский

---

Transgenerational impacts of micro(nano)plastics in the aquatic and terrestrial environment

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 443, P. 130274 - 130274

Published: Oct. 28, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Microplastics: a multidimensional contaminant requires a multidimensional framework for assessing risk

Microplastics and Nanoplastics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: Feb. 15, 2022

Abstract The global ubiquity and demonstrated toxicity of microplastics has led governments around the world to express need for a risk assessment on microplastics. To conduct assessment, scientists often draw upon frameworks from other contaminants, however we argue that are unique pollutant thus require framework. Microplastics multidimensional contaminant, differing in size, shape, polymer type, chemical cocktail. Each these dimensions may influence particle. Furthermore, microplastic pollution exists as complex dynamic mixture particles, varies over temporal spatial scales. Thus, propose framework incorporates, rather than simplifies, multidimensionality contaminant well mixture. With this framework, can calculate particle-specific hazard value describes potential single particle cause harm based its physical properties. values then be combined number type particles an environmental sample inform overall sample. calculated, which is dependent concentration Risk among samples environment compared illustrate differences locations or seasons, placed management with thresholds guide regulatory decisions. demonstrate utility our proposed perform case study using data San Francisco Bay. Our just that, requires new research application. strengthen ability accurately predict risk, testing scheme prioritizes strategic experimental designs will increase understanding how each dimension affect (or value)

Language: Английский

---

A living tool for the continued exploration of microplastic toxicity

Microplastics and Nanoplastics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: May 28, 2022

Abstract Throughout the past decade, many studies have reported adverse effects in biota following microplastic exposure. Yet, field is still emerging as current understanding of toxicity limited. At same time, recent legislative mandates required environmental regulators to devise strategies mitigate pollution and develop health-based thresholds for protection human ecosystem health. The publication rate also presents a unique challenge scientists, managers, other communities may find it difficult keep up with research rapidly evolves. present, there no tool that compiles synthesizes data from these allow visualization, interpretation, or analysis. Here, we present Toxicity Microplastics Explorer (ToMEx), an open access database source accompanying R Shiny web application enables users upload, search, visualize, analyze data. Though ToMEx was originally created facilitate development support California legislations, maintaining by greater scientific community will be invaluable furthering informing policies globally. applications accessed at https://microplastics.sccwrp.org/ . Graphical

Language: Английский

---

Microplastics in marine mammal blubber, melon, & other tissues: Evidence of translocation

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 335, P. 122252 - 122252

Published: Aug. 2, 2023

Marine mammals consume large quantities of microplastic particles, likely via trophic transfer (i.e., through prey who have consumed plastic) and direct consumption from seawater or sediment. Microplastics been found in the stomachs, gastro-intestinal tracts, feces cetaceans pinnipeds. Translocation ingested microplastics has documented other organs several aquatic species, but not examined marine mammals. highly specialized lipid-rich tissues which may increase susceptibility to lipophilic microplastics. Here we demonstrate occurrence microplastics, ranging size, mass concentration, particle count concentration 24.4 μm - 1387 μm, 0.59 μg/g 25.20 μg/g, 0.04 0.39 particles/g, respectively, four (acoustic fat pad, blubber, lung, & melon) twelve mammal species inclusive mysticetes, odontocetes, phocids. Twenty-two individuals were for using a combination Raman spectroscopy pyrolysis gas chromatography with spectrometry. Overall, 68% had at least one tissue types, most common polymer shape observed being polyethylene fibers, respectively. These findings suggest some proportion translocate throughout bodies posing an exposure risk both people. For people, could be directly those rely on as food indirectly peoples globally same resources Some represent samples obtained over two decades ago, suggesting that this process, thus risk, occurred time.

Language: Английский

---

Potential Artifacts and Control Experiments in Toxicity Tests of Nanoplastic and Microplastic Particles

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 56(22), P. 15192 - 15206

Published: Oct. 14, 2022

To fully understand the potential ecological and human health risks from nanoplastics microplastics (NMPs) in environment, it is critical to make accurate measurements. Similar past research on toxicology of engineered nanomaterials, a broad range measurement artifacts biases are possible when testing their toxicity. For example, antimicrobials surfactants may be present commercially available NMP dispersions, these compounds account for toxicity observed instead being caused by exposure particles. Therefore, control measurements needed assess artifacts, revisions protocol eliminate or reduce artifacts. In this paper, we comprehensively review suggest next generation experiments identify that can occur while performing experiments. This covers toxicological experiments, such as

Language: Английский

---

Probabilistic environmental risk assessment of microplastics in soils

Geoderma, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 430, P. 116315 - 116315

Published: Jan. 6, 2023

Despite the convenience that plastics provide to society, there have long been concerns regarding risks they present environment. Microplastics (MPs, plastic particles smaller than 5 mm) found in every environmental compartment—air, freshwater, oceans, but also soils—yet emphasis date has on represent aquatic environments. The study, therefore, aimed perform a comprehensive risk assessment of MPs soils. A probabilistic approach was used account for variability and uncertainties available data. Measured exposure concentrations ecotoxicity thresholds were extracted from pertinent peer-reviewed literature. Risk characterization ratios (RCRs) then calculated different land uses geographical regions by dividing predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) distribution respective measured distribution. Using particle-number concentrations, mean PNEC be 82,000 part.kg−1. soils ranged 0 410,000 part.kg−1 (median: 930 part.kg−1). human influence clearly demonstrated, with higher 3,600 part.kg−1) directly influenced activity natural or agricultural 4.8 % RCR calculations 0.013) probability above 1, which is 40 240,000 times greater freshwater marine habitats, respectively. Urban industrial had highest RCR, followed comparability hazard datasets could improved if tested more representative those samples. There need data fibers, films, polyethylene, weathered aged so comparisons real-world, observed can built solid foundations.

Language: Английский

---

Tackling microplastics pollution in global environment through integration of applied technology, policy instruments, and legislation

Journal of Environmental Management, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 346, P. 118971 - 118971

Published: Sept. 18, 2023

Language: Английский

---

On the probability of ecological risks from microplastics in the Laurentian Great lakes

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 325, P. 121445 - 121445

Published: March 14, 2023

The Laurentian Great Lakes represent important and iconic ecosystems. Microplastic pollution has become a major problem among other anthropogenic stressors in these lakes. There is need for policy development, however, assessing the risks of microplastics complicated due to uncertainty poor quality data incompatibility exposure effect with different properties. Here we provide prospective probabilistic risk assessment sediments surface waters that corrects misalignment between data, accounts variability sample volume when using trawl samples, random spatiotemporal (QA/QC), slope power law used rescale HC5 threshold concentration obtained from Species Sensitivity Distributions (SSDs). We rank lakes order increasing likelihood microplastics, pelagic benthic exposures. A lake-wide risk, i.e. where each location exceeds limit, not found any However, probability food dilution occurring parts 13-15% exposures Erie Huron, 8.3-10.3% Lake Michigan, Superior, Erie, 24% Ontario. To reduce identified uncertainties, recommend future research focuses on characterizing quantifying environmentally relevant microplastic (ERMP) over wider size range (ideally 1-5000 μm) so density functions (PDFs) can be better calibrated habitats. Toxicity testing should use similarly wide sizes ERMP characteristics complex alignments minimized assumptions regarding ecologically dose metrics (ERMs) validated.

Language: Английский

---

The emergence of microplastics: charting the path from research to regulations

Environmental Science Advances, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2(3), P. 356 - 367

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

This paper summarizes recent groundbreaking research and regulations for microplastics provides critical recommendations to overcome additional barriers.

Language: Английский

---