Lipid and glucose metabolism in white adipocytes: pathways, dysfunction and therapeutics

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 17(5), P. 276 - 295

Published: Feb. 24, 2021

Language: Английский

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Dysosmobacter welbionis is a newly isolated human commensal bacterium preventing diet-induced obesity and metabolic disorders in mice

Gut, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 71(3), P. 534 - 543

Published: June 8, 2021

To investigate the abundance and prevalence of Dysosmobacter welbionis J115T, a novel butyrate-producing bacterium isolated from human gut both in general population subjects with metabolic syndrome. study impact this on host metabolism using diet-induced obese diabetic mice.We analysed presence 11 984 four cohorts (ie, Human Microbiome Project, American Gut Flemish Flora Project Microbes4U). Then, we tested effects daily oral gavages live D. J115T several hallmarks obesity, diabetes, inflammation lipid obese/diabetic mice.This newly identified was detected 62.7%-69.8% healthy population. Strikingly, humans syndrome, genus correlates negatively body mass index, fasting glucose glycated haemoglobin. In mice, supplementation but not pasteurised bacteria, partially counteracted obesity development, fat gain, insulin resistance white adipose tissue hypertrophy inflammation. addition, administration protected mice brown association increased mitochondria number non-shivering thermogenesis. These occurred minor mouse intestinal microbiota composition.These results suggest that directly beneficially influences is strong candidate for development next-generation beneficial bacteria targeting associated diseases.

Language: Английский

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Adipose tissue at single-cell resolution

Cell Metabolism, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35(3), P. 386 - 413

Published: March 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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An insight into brown/beige adipose tissue whitening, a metabolic complication of obesity with the multifactorial origin

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Feb. 16, 2023

Brown adipose tissue (BAT), a thermoregulatory organ known to promote energy expenditure, has been extensively studied as potential avenue combat obesity. Although BAT is the opposite of white (WAT) which responsible for storage, shares thermogenic capacity with beige that emerges from WAT depots. This unsurprising both and display huge difference in terms their secretory profile physiological role. In obesity, content declines these tissues acquire characteristics via process called “whitening”. rarely explored its implication whether it contributes or exacerbates Emerging research demonstrated BAT/beige whitening sophisticated metabolic complication obesity linked multiple factors. The current review provides clarification on influence various factors such diet, age, genetics, thermoneutrality, chemical exposure whitening. Moreover, defects mechanisms underpin are described. Notably, can be marked by accumulation large unilocular lipid droplets, mitochondrial degeneration, collapsed capacity, virtue dysfunction, devascularization, autophagy, inflammation.

Language: Английский

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Inflammasomes in chronic liver disease: Hepatic injury, fibrosis progression and systemic inflammation

Journal of Hepatology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 81(5), P. 895 - 910

Published: June 20, 2024

Chronic liver disease leads to hepatocellular injury that triggers a pro-inflammatory state in several parenchymal and non-parenchymal hepatic cell types, ultimately resulting fibrosis, cirrhosis, portal hypertension failure. Thus, an improved understanding of inflammasomes - as key molecular drivers may result the development novel diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers effective therapeutics. In disease, innate immune cells respond insults by activating cell-intrinsic via toll-like receptors NF-κB, releasing cytokines (such IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α IL-6). Subsequently, adaptive system are recruited fuel inflammation undergo gasdermin D-mediated programmed death, termed pyroptosis. With progression, there is shift towards type 2 inflammatory response, which promotes tissue repair but also fibrogenesis. Inflammasome activation occur at extrahepatic sites, such white adipose MASH (metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis). end-stage flares (e.g., severe alcohol-related hepatitis) spark on dysfunctional system, contribute inflammasome-mediated potentially organ dysfunction/failure, seen ACLF (acute-on-chronic failure). This review provides overview current concepts regarding inflammasome with focus related therapeutic approaches being developed for patients disease.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Adipose Tissue and Nutrition in the Regulation of Adiponectin

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(15), P. 2436 - 2436

Published: July 26, 2024

Adipose tissue (AT), composed mainly of adipocytes, plays a critical role in lipid control, metabolism, and energy storage. Once considered metabolically inert, AT is now recognized as dynamic endocrine organ that regulates food intake, homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, thermoregulation, immune responses. This review examines the multifaceted adiponectin, predominant adipokine released by AT, glucose fatty acid metabolism. We explore regulatory mechanisms its physiological effects potential therapeutic target for metabolic diseases such type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease liver disease. Furthermore, we analyze impact various dietary patterns, specific nutrients, physical activities on adiponectin levels, highlighting strategies to improve health. Our comprehensive provides insights into functions importance maintaining systemic homeostasis.

Language: Английский

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Inflammation‐mediated metabolic regulation in adipose tissue

Obesity Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(6)

Published: Feb. 26, 2024

Summary Chronic inflammation of adipose tissue is a prominent characteristic many metabolic diseases. Lipid metabolism in consistently dysregulated during inflammation, which characterized by substantial infiltration proinflammatory cells and high cytokine concentrations. Adipose caused variety endogenous factors, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, cellular senescence, ceramides biosynthesis mediators lipopolysaccharides (LPS) signaling. Additionally, the gut microbiota also plays crucial role regulating inflammation. Essentially, arises from an imbalance adipocyte regulation immune cells. Specific inflammatory signals, including nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signaling, inflammasome signaling inflammation‐mediated autophagy, have been shown to be involved regulation. The pathogenesis diseases chronic (obesity, insulin resistance, atherosclerosis nonalcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD]) recent research regarding potential therapeutic targets for these conditions are discussed this review.

Language: Английский

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Adipose Organ Development and Remodeling

Comprehensive physiology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1357 - 1431

Published: Sept. 14, 2018

During the last decades, research on adipose tissues has spread in parallel with extension of obesity. Several observations converged idea that are organized a large organ endocrine and plastic properties. Two parenchymal components: white (WATs) brown (BATs) contained subcutaneous visceral compartments. Although both have properties, their function differs: WAT store lipids to allow intervals between meals, BAT burns for thermogenesis. In spite these opposite functions, they share ability reciprocal reversible transdifferentiation tackle special physiologic needs. Thus, chronic need thermogenesis induces browning positive energy balance induce whitening. Lineage tracing data from explant studies strongly suggest other remodeling properties this organ. pregnancy lactation breast transdifferentiates into milk-secreting glands, composed by cells abundant cytoplasmic (pink adipocytes) postlactation period pink adipocytes transdifferentiate back BAT. The mature supported also liposecretion process vitro where adult cell culture differentiated fibroblast-like elements able give rise different phenotypes (rainbow adipocytes). addition, inflammasome system is activated stressed obese tissue. These die debris reabsorbed macrophages inducing low-grade inflammation, potentially contributing insulin resistance T2 diabetes. could open new therapeutic perspectives obesity-related metabolic disease pathologies. © 2018 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:1357-1431, 2018.

Language: Английский

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Of mice and men: The physiological role of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL)

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 1864(6), P. 880 - 899

Published: Oct. 24, 2018

Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) has been discovered 14 years ago and revised our view on intracellular (TG) mobilization - a process termed lipolysis. ATGL initiates the hydrolysis of TGs to release fatty acids (FAs) that are crucial energy substrates, precursors for synthesis membrane lipids, ligands nuclear receptors. Thus, is key enzyme in whole-body homeostasis. In this review, we give an update how regulated transcriptional post-transcriptional level affects enzymes' activity context neutral lipid catabolism. depth, highlight discuss numerous physiological functions metabolism. Over more than decade, different genetic mouse models lacking or overexpressing cell- tissue-specific manner have generated characterized. Moreover, pharmacological studies became available due development specific murine inhibitor (Atglistatin®). The identification patients with mutations human gene encoding their disease spectrum underpinned importance humans. Together, data advanced understanding role metabolism adipose non-adipose tissues, pathophysiological consequences dysfunction mice men.

Language: Английский

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The Importance of Breast Adipose Tissue in Breast Cancer

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(16), P. 5760 - 5760

Published: Aug. 11, 2020

Adipose tissue is a complex endocrine organ, with role in obesity and cancer. generally linked to excessive body fat, it well known that the female breast rich adipose tissue. Hence, one can wonder: what of why required? as an organ consists adipocytes, extracellular matrix (ECM) immune cells, significant dynamics changes throughout life span from puberty, pregnancy, lactation involution. In this review, we will discuss importance development its involvement happening during We focus on understanding biology tissue, overview various steps cancer progression. The interaction between surrounding cells vice-versa modifies tumor microenvironment favor Understanding mutual could potentially raise possibility overcoming mediated resistance therapies finding novel candidates target

Language: Английский

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