Exploring Skin Wound Healing Models and the Impact of Natural Lipids on the Healing Process

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(7), P. 3790 - 3790

Published: March 28, 2024

Cutaneous wound healing is a complex biological process involving series of well-coordinated events aimed at restoring skin integrity and function. Various experimental models have been developed to study the mechanisms underlying repair evaluate potential therapeutic interventions. This review explores diverse array utilized in research, ranging from rodent excisional wounds advanced tissue engineering constructs microfluidic platforms. More importantly, influence lipids on examined, emphasizing their role enhancing barrier function restoration, modulating inflammation, promoting cell proliferation, remodeling. Lipids, such as phospholipids, sphingolipids, ceramides, play crucial roles membrane structure, signaling, repair. Understanding interplay between microenvironment provides valuable insights into development novel strategies for efficient regeneration. highlights significance investigating elucidating intricate involvement process, offering avenues improving clinical outcomes management.

Language: Английский

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Membrane Rafts: Portals for Viral Entry

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Feb. 4, 2021

Membrane rafts are dynamic, small (10–200 nm) domains enriched with cholesterol and sphingolipids that compartmentalize cellular processes. Rafts participate in roles essential to the lifecycle of different viral families including virus entry, assembly and/or budding events. seem attachment recruitment cell surface, as well endocytic non-endocytic mechanisms some viruses use enter host cells. In this review, we will introduce specific role entry define factors implied choice one pathway over others. Finally, summarize most relevant information about raft participation process enveloped non-enveloped viruses.

Language: Английский

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Cholesterol-Rich Lipid Rafts as Platforms for SARS-CoV-2 Entry

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Dec. 16, 2021

Since its appearance, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), causal agent of Disease 2019 (COVID-19), represents a global problem for human health that involves host lipid homeostasis. Regarding, rafts are functional membrane microdomains with highly and tightly packed molecules. These regions enriched in sphingolipids cholesterol recruit concentrate several receptors molecules involved pathogen recognition cellular signaling. Cholesterol-rich have multiple functions viral replication; however, their role SARS-CoV-2 infection remains unclear. In this review, we discussed novel evidence on cholesterol-rich as platform entry, where such angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2), heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), Toll-like (TLRs), transmembrane serine proteases (TMPRSS), CD-147 HDL-scavenger receptor B type 1 (SR-B1) recruited interaction spike protein. FDA-approved drugs statins, metformin, hydroxychloroquine, cyclodextrins (methyl-β-cyclodextrin) can disrupt to regulate key immune signaling pathways triggered by infection. Taken together, better knowledge SARS-CoV-2-host interactions will provide valuable insights into pathogenesis identification therapeutic targets.

Language: Английский

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Role of Metabolism in Bone Development and Homeostasis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(23), P. 8992 - 8992

Published: Nov. 26, 2020

Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are the underlying energy sources for animals catabolized through specific biochemical cascades involving numerous enzymes. The catabolites metabolites in these metabolic pathways crucial many cellular functions; therefore, an imbalance and/or dysregulation of causes dysfunction, resulting various diseases. Bone, a highly mineralized organ that serves as skeleton body, undergoes continuous active turnover, which is required maintenance healthy bony components deposition resorption bone matrix minerals. This coordinated event regulated throughout life by cells such osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, requires synchronized activities from different pathways. Here, we aim to provide comprehensive review metabolism involved development homeostasis, revealed mouse genetic studies.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the impact of physicochemical properties of liposomal formulations on their in vivo fate

Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 300, P. 120574 - 120574

Published: April 23, 2022

Language: Английский

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Reprogramming cholesterol metabolism in macrophages and its role in host defense against cholesterol-dependent cytolysins

Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(3), P. 327 - 336

Published: Jan. 11, 2022

Cholesterol is a critical lipid for all mammalian cells, ensuring proper membrane integrity, fluidity, and biochemical function. Accumulating evidence indicates that macrophages rapidly profoundly reprogram their cholesterol metabolism in response to activation signals support host defense processes. However, our understanding of the molecular details underlying how why homeostasis specifically reshaped during immune responses remains less well understood. This review discusses current knowledge cellular homeostatic machinery introduces emerging concepts regarding plasma partitioned into distinct pools. We then discuss proinflammatory can markedly reshape macrophages, with focus on differences between MyD88-dependent pattern recognition receptors interferon signaling pathway. also recent work investigating capacity these selectively homeostasis. examine changes influence sensitivity set microbial pore-forming toxins known as cholesterol-dependent cytolysins target effector functions. whether metabolic reprogramming be leveraged therapy mitigate tissue damage mediated by necrotizing fasciitis other related infections. expect advancing crosstalk innate immunity will help explain inflammation underlies diseases highlight pathways could targeted normalize disease states.

Language: Английский

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Lipid Raft Integrity and Cellular Cholesterol Homeostasis Are Critical for SARS-CoV-2 Entry into Cells

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(16), P. 3417 - 3417

Published: Aug. 19, 2022

Lipid rafts in cell plasma membranes play a critical role the life cycle of many viruses. However, involvement membrane cholesterol-rich lipid entry severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) into target cells is not well known. In this study, we investigated whether presence microdomains required for SARS-CoV-2 host cells. Our results show that depletion cholesterol by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MβCD) treatment impaired expression surface receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2), resulting significant increase The effects exerted MβCD could be substantially reversed exogenous replenishment. contrast, disturbance intracellular homeostasis statins or siRNA knockdown key genes involved biosynthesis and transport pathways reduced study also reveals SREBP2-mediated process These suggest cholesterol-enriched cellular are essential Pharmacological manipulation might provide new therapeutic strategies to alleviate

Language: Английский

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The shared role of cholesterol in neuronal and peripheral inflammation

Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 249, P. 108486 - 108486

Published: June 29, 2023

Language: Английский

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Gsα Regulates Macrophage Foam Cell Formation During Atherosclerosis

Circulation Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 134(7)

Published: Feb. 20, 2024

BACKGROUND: Many cardiovascular pathologies are induced by signaling through G-protein-coupled receptors via Gsα (G protein stimulatory α subunit) proteins. However, the specific cellular mechanisms that driven and contribute to development of atherosclerosis remain unclear. METHODS: High-throughput screening involving data from single-cell bulk sequencing were used explore expression in atherosclerosis. The differentially activity analyzed immunofluorescence cAMP measurements. Macrophage-specific knockout (Mac-Gsα KO ) mice generated study effect on role was determined transplanting bone marrow performing assays for foam cell formation, Dil-ox-LDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein) uptake, chromatin immunoprecipitation, luciferase reporter assays. RESULTS: ScRNA-seq showed elevated Gnas atherosclerotic mouse aorta’s cholesterol metabolism macrophage cluster, while confirmed increased GNAS human plaque content. A significant upregulation active occurred macrophages plaques. Ox-LDL could translocate lipid rafts short-term promote transcription ERK1/2 activation C/EBPβ phosphorylation oxidative stress long-term. Atherosclerotic lesions Mac-Gsα displayed decreased deposition compared with those control mice. Additionally, deficiency alleviated uptake formation. Mechanistically, levels transcriptional response element binding protein, which resulted CD36 SR-A1. In translational experiments, inhibiting suramin or cpGN13 reduced progression plaques vivo. CONCLUSIONS: is enhanced during increases genetic chemical inactivation inhibit mice, suggesting drugs targeting may be useful treatment

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2-associated lymphopenia: possible mechanisms and the role of CD147

Cell Communication and Signaling, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: July 4, 2024

T lymphocytes play a primary role in the adaptive antiviral immunity. Both lymphocytosis and lymphopenia were found to be associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). While indicates an active anti-viral response, is sign of poor prognosis. T-cells, essence, rarely express ACE2 receptors, making cause cell depletion enigmatic. Moreover, emerging strains posed immunological challenge, potentially alarming for next pandemic. Herein, we review how possible indirect direct key mechanisms could contribute SARS-CoV-2-associated-lymphopenia. The fundamental mechanism inflammatory cytokine storm elicited by viral infection, which alters host metabolism into more acidic state. This "hyperlactic acidemia" together suppresses T-cell proliferation triggers intrinsic/extrinsic apoptosis. SARS-CoV-2 infection also results shift from steady-state hematopoiesis stress hematopoiesis. Even low expression, presence cholesterol-rich lipid rafts on activated T-cells may enhance entry syncytia formation. Finally, indicate participation other receptors or auxiliary proteins that can work alone concert mechanisms. Therefore, address CD147-a novel route-for its new variants. CD147 not only expressed but it interacts co-partners orchestrate various biological processes. Given these features, appealing candidate pathogenicity. Understanding molecular cellular behind SARS-CoV-2-associated-lymphopenia will aid discovery potential therapeutic targets improve resilience our immune system against this rapidly evolving virus.

Language: Английский

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