Focusing on the Latest Advances in Surgical Techniques for Cancer Treatment, Including Organ-Sparing Surgery and Personalized Treatments

Indus journal of bioscience research., Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 3(3), P. 474 - 490

Published: March 29, 2025

This study aims to compare the outcomes of organ-sparing surgery and radical in cancer treatment, focusing on survival rates, recovery times, post-operative complications. A quantitative analysis was conducted a sample 105 patients across Punjab, Pakistan, using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Chi-square tests, regression analysis. The results revealed that resulted better rates shorter times compared surgery. However, there were no significant differences complications between two surgical approaches. Regression indicated age tumor size significantly impacted with older larger being associated worse outcomes. tests showed relationship method recurrence suggesting approach does not affect this sample. These findings highlight importance individualized treatment plans growing role improving patient research reinforces recognition as highly effective offering improved quicker Patients undergoing procedures experience more favorable course, preservation organ function quality life, particularly cancers such breast, kidney, rectal cancer. While provides comparable interventions, selection must consider factors like size, site, extent. Older tumors recovery, emphasizing need for treatment. Advancements robotic surgery, minimally invasive techniques, personalized medicine will further refine globally.

Language: Английский

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Real-world avelumab first-line maintenance in advanced urothelial carcinoma: systematic review and meta-analysis

Future Oncology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 12

Published: April 4, 2025

This systematic literature review summarizes the real-world effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of avelumab first-line maintenance (1LM) in locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (la/mUC). Database searches (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane) manual gray studies published from 01/01/2020-31/01/2024 were performed. Pooled 12-month overall survival (OS) progression-free (PFS) rates synthesized by meta-analysis. Across 45 unique including >2,600 patients, median OS PFS 21.3 7.0 months, respectively. In meta-analysis, (95% CI) 1LM start 69% (65-73%) 39% (35-44%), study supports established clinical benefit across a broad range patients with la/mUC routine practice.

Language: Английский

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Deciphering LAG-3: unveiling molecular mechanisms and clinical advancements

Biomarker Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Oct. 18, 2024

Treatment based on immune checkpoint blockade has revolutionized cancer therapy. Despite the remarkable success achieved and preclinical development of multiple inhibitors targeting other checkpoints, only antibodies PD-1/PD-L1 axis CTLA-4 have been approved for patient treatment, especially in solid tumors. Currently, with approval relatlimab, a LAG-3 blocking antibody, third player, used fight against cancer. The endorsement relatlimab marks significant milestone immunotherapy, opening new avenues combination therapies enhancing treatment outcomes. However, complex biology may hinder its full as therapeutic alternative. In this review, we provide in-depth insight into current future treatment.

Language: Английский

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MicroRNAs as promising diagnostic and prognostic markers for the human genitourinary cancer

Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 70(4), P. 191 - 205

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Genitourinary cancer (GUC) represents more than one fifth of all human cancers. This makes the development approaches to its early diagnosis an important task modern biomedicine. Circulating microRNAs, short (17–25 nucleotides) non-coding RNA molecules found in biological fluids and performing a regulatory role cell, are considered as promising diagnostic prognostic biomarkers cancers, including GUC. In this review we have current state research aimed at assessing microRNAs such GUC types malignant tumors bladder, kidney, prostate, testicles, ovaries, cervix. A special attention has been paid studies devoted identification urine surrogate “liquid biopsy” that may provide simplest cheapest approach mass non-invasive screening The use microRNA panels instead single generally leads higher sensitivity specificity developed tests. However, date, work on assessment is still nature, further introduction tests based into practice requires successful clinical trials.

Language: Английский

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Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: How to Select Patients for Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

UroCancer Clinics of India ., Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2(2), P. 85 - 90

Published: April 1, 2024

Summary Approximately 25% of patients with bladder cancer present muscle-invasive disease. International guidelines recommend cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for suitable radical treatment. However, appropriate candidate selection NAC is crucial to ensure that the benefits outweigh potential toxicities and delays cystectomy (RC). Patients should meet eligibility criteria cisplatin therapy, factors such as age, comorbidities, nutritional status be evaluated in conjunction. Timely initiation following diagnosis essential. The use T2 tumors variant histology remains contentious. It important recognize disease often undergoes upstaging post-RC, histologies are associated more aggressive clinical courses. These necessitate an individualized assessment determine appropriateness NAC. Although biomarkers not yet routinely used, they may play a pivotal role optimizing patient near future.

Language: Английский

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Evolving Treatment Landscape of Frontline Therapy for Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: Current Insights and Future Perspectives

Cancers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(23), P. 4078 - 4078

Published: Dec. 5, 2024

Cisplatin-based chemotherapy has long been the standard first-line (1L) treatment for metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC). However, up to 50% of patients with mUC may be ineligible cisplatin owing comorbidities, necessitating alternative primary options. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as a vital those unable receive cisplatin. Nevertheless, prognosis advanced UC remains dire and challenges persist in optimizing 1L therapy. Recent medical advancements redirected attention towards innovative drug combinations mUC. The combination enfortumab vedotin (EV) pembrolizumab shown significantly improved overall progression-free survival rates compared alone. This can used who are cisplatin-ineligible or require alternatives chemotherapy. While platinum-based continues essential many patients, approval EV treatments signifies major breakthrough cancer care. These therapies offer enhanced outcomes terms response highlight increasing relevance ICI-containing regimens frontline review provides an exhaustive overview current landscape explores new therapeutic strategies, aim facilitating clinical decision-making guiding strategies

Language: Английский

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