The Role of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) in the Management of Metabolic Diseases in Humans: A Narrative Review

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(8), P. 1871 - 1871

Published: Aug. 16, 2024

The gut microbiota represents a complex ecosystem of trillions microorganisms residing in the human gastrointestinal tract, which is known to interact with host physiology and regulate multiple functions. Alterations microbial composition, diversity, function are referred as dysbiosis. Dysbiosis has been associated variety chronic diseases, including

Language: Английский

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GDF15 inhibits early-stage adipocyte differentiation by enhancing HOP2 expression and suppressing C/EBPα expression

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 598, P. 112461 - 112461

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

Language: Английский

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Focus on Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Target: Drugs Approved or Designed to Treat Obesity

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(4), P. 1651 - 1651

Published: Feb. 14, 2025

Obesity is closely related to metabolic diseases, which brings a heavy burden the health care system. It urgent formulate and implement effective treatment strategies. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) protein with seven transmembrane domains connected by type B G proteins, widely distributed expressed in many organs tissues. GLP-1 analogues can reduce weight, lower blood pressure, improve lipids. Obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular other diseases have caused scientists' research development boom. Among them, GLP-1R agonist drugs developed rapidly weight-loss drugs. In this paper, based on target of GLP-1, mechanism action obesity was deeply studied, approved designed for were elaborated detail. Innovatively put forward summarized double triple targeted better effects less toxic side effects, make full use multi-target methods treat future. Finally, it pointed out that intestinal flora microorganisms benefits obesity, fecal bacteria transplantation may be potential harm body. This article provides some promising strong practical value.

Language: Английский

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Why the superb physiological capacity of birds matters

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 228(Suppl_1)

Published: Feb. 15, 2025

ABSTRACT Among vertebrates, birds undertake the longest, fastest and highest migrations of any taxonomic group, largely due to their unique cardiorespiratory system, which permits for very large rates gas exchange. Managing resultant elevated production reactive oxygen species, thus oxidative stress, has meant that can avoid pathologies relating major medical challenges now probably account majority global healthcare spending. Hypoxia underlies most critical illnesses faced by humans, but avian system supply far more per unit time than mammal. Birds have high circulating glucose levels, adaptations cope with stress brought about hyperglycaemia. also inflammatory responses obesity in humans when they seasonally gain huge fat stores. Lastly, live four times longer similarly sized mammals, seasonal endogenous muscle hypertrophy, some even increase telomere length age. A new frontier ‘physiologging’ is emerging, making use technologies use, provide novel parameters better understanding biomechanics, energetics ecology a range species. These physiologging tools are likely insight into physiology, biomechanics including ability spread disease, as well each detailed this Commentary. By virtue physiological capacity, study physiology area future discovery research using applied interdisciplinary areas physiology.

Language: Английский

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Considerations for endoscopic gastroplasty: efficacy, bias, and future directions

Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 101(3), P. 691 - 692

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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New Insights into the Structure and Function of Class B1 GPCRs

Endocrine Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 44(3), P. 492 - 517

Published: Dec. 22, 2022

Abstract G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of cell surface receptors. Class B1 GPCRs constitute a subfamily 15 that characteristically contain large extracellular domains (ECDs) and respond to long polypeptide hormones. critical regulators homeostasis, and, as such, many important drug targets. While most transmembrane proteins, including GPCRs, recalcitrant crystallization, recent advances in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) have facilitated rapid expansion structural understanding membrane proteins. As testament this success, structures for all class bound proteins been determined by cryo-EM past 5 years. Further uncovered dynamics these receptors, ligands, signaling partners. Here, we examine underpinnings with an emphasis on structure–function relationships.

Language: Английский

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Neurohormonal Changes in the Gut–Brain Axis and Underlying Neuroendocrine Mechanisms following Bariatric Surgery

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(6), P. 3339 - 3339

Published: March 19, 2022

Obesity is a complex, multifactorial disease that major public health issue worldwide. Currently approved anti-obesity medications and lifestyle interventions lack the efficacy durability needed to combat obesity, especially in individuals with more severe forms or coexisting metabolic disorders, such as poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. Bariatric surgery considered an effective therapeutic modality sustained weight loss benefits. Numerous genetic environmental factors have been associated pathogenesis of while cumulative evidence has highlighted gut–brain axis complex bidirectional communication plays crucial role energy homeostasis. This led increased research on roles neuroendocrine signaling pathways various gastrointestinal peptides key mediators beneficial effects following weight-loss surgery. The accumulate suggests development gut-peptide-based agents can mimic bariatric thus highly promising treatment strategy could be explored future research. article aims elucidate potential underlying mechanisms comprehensively review observed changes gut hormones Moreover, emerging post-bariatric microbiota modulation briefly discussed.

Language: Английский

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How Far beyond Diabetes Can the Benefits of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Go? A Review of the Evidence on Their Effects on Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Cancers, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(19), P. 4651 - 4651

Published: Sept. 24, 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by poor survival rate and quality of life, while available treatments remain generally limited. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) originally emerged as drugs for the management diabetes, but have also been shown to alleviate cardiorenal risk. Furthermore, they demonstrated a wide range extraglycemic effects that led their evaluation potential therapies variety diseases beyond such obesity, neurogenerative disorders nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Given presence GLP-1 in hepatocytes, animal data suggest RAs could regulate molecular pathways are deeply involved genesis progression HCC, including inflammatory responses, tumor cell proliferation oxidative stress, through direct indirect on cells. However, future studies must assess several aspects benefit-to-risk ratio use patients with co-administration approved systemic therapies, incidence gastrointestinal side high-risk population, weight loss individuals nutritional status high rates cancer cachexia. In this narrative review, we discuss role analogs treatment focusing mechanisms justify possible benefit, referring clinical implications areas research.

Language: Английский

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Early metabolomic, lipid and lipoprotein changes in response to medical and surgical therapeutic approaches to obesity

Metabolism, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 138, P. 155346 - 155346

Published: Nov. 12, 2022

Language: Английский

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360-Degree Perspectives on Obesity

Medicina, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 59(6), P. 1119 - 1119

Published: June 9, 2023

Alarming statistics show that the number of people affected by excessive weight has surpassed 2 billion, representing approximately 30% world's population. The aim this review is to provide a comprehensive overview one most serious public health problems, considering obesity requires an integrative approach takes into account its complex etiology, including genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Only understanding connections between many contributors synergy treatment interventions can ensure satisfactory outcomes in reducing obesity. Mechanisms such as oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, dysbiosis play crucial role pathogenesis associated complications. Compounding factors deleterious effects novel challenge posed obesogenic digital (food) environment, stigma with should not be overlooked. Preclinical research animal models been instrumental elucidating these mechanisms, translation clinical practice provided promising therapeutic options, epigenetic approaches, pharmacotherapy, bariatric surgery. However, more studies are necessary discover new compounds target key metabolic pathways, innovative ways deliver drugs, optimal combinations allopathic treatments, and, last but least, emerging biological markers for effective monitoring. With each passing day, crisis tightens grip, threatening only individual lives also burdening healthcare systems societies at large. It high time we took action confront urgent imperative address escalating global head-on.

Language: Английский

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