EDC-2: The Endocrine Society's Second Scientific Statement on Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals

Endocrine Reviews, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 36(6), P. E1 - E150

Published: Nov. 6, 2015

The Endocrine Society's first Scientific Statement in 2009 provided a wake-up call to the scientific community about how environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) affect health and disease. Five years later, substantially larger body of literature has solidified our understanding plausible mechanisms underlying EDC actions exposures animals humans—especially during development—may lay foundations for disease later life. At this point history, we have much stronger knowledge EDCs alter gene-environment interactions via physiological, cellular, molecular, epigenetic changes, thereby producing effects exposed individuals as well their descendants. Causal links between exposure manifestation are substantiated by experimental animal models consistent with correlative epidemiological data humans. There several caveats because differences work is conducted can lead difficulties drawing broad conclusions, must continue be cautious inferring causality In second Statement, reviewed on subset topics which translational evidence strongest: 1) obesity diabetes; 2) female reproduction; 3) male 4) hormone-sensitive cancers females; 5) prostate; 6) thyroid; 7) neurodevelopment neuroendocrine systems. Our inclusion criteria studies were those predominantly past 5 deemed high quality based appropriate negative positive control groups or populations, adequate sample size design, mammalian levels range that was relevant We also focused using developmental origins model. No report excluded effect exposure. bulk results across board strengthen endocrine health-related EDCs. Based more complete principles act, including nonmonotonic dose-responses, low-dose effects, vulnerability, these findings better translated human health. Armed information, researchers, physicians, other healthcare providers guide regulators policymakers they make responsible decisions.

Language: Английский

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Temporal trends in sperm count: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis

Human Reproduction Update, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 23(6), P. 646 - 659

Published: June 28, 2017

Reported declines in sperm counts remain controversial today and recent trends are unknown. A definitive meta-analysis is critical given the predictive value of count for fertility, morbidity mortality.To provide a systematic review meta-regression analysis as measured by concentration (SC) total (TSC), their modification fertility geographic group.PubMed/MEDLINE EMBASE were searched English language studies human SC published 1981-2013. Following predefined protocol 7518 abstracts screened 2510 full articles reporting primary data on reviewed. 244 estimates TSC from 185 42 935 men who provided semen samples 1973-2011 extracted analysis, well information years sample collection covariates [fertility group ('Unselected fertility' versus 'Fertile'), ('Western', including North America, Europe Australia New Zealand 'Other', South Asia Africa), age, ejaculation abstinence time, method, method measuring volume, exclusion criteria indicators completeness covariate data]. The slopes estimated functions year using both simple linear regression weighted models latter adjusted pre-determined group. Assumptions examined multiple sensitivity analyses nonlinear models.SC declined significantly between 1973 2011 (slope unadjusted -0.70 million/ml/year; 95% CI: -0.72 to -0.69; P < 0.001; slope = -0.64; -1.06 -0.22; 0.003). model modified (P interaction 0.064) 0.027). There was significant decline among Unselected Western (-1.38; -2.02 -0.74; 0.001) Fertile (-0.68; -1.31 -0.05; 0.033), while no seen Other Other. Among studies, mean declined, average, 1.4% per with an overall 52.4% 2011. Trends similar, steep (-5.33 million/year, -7.56 -3.11; 0.001), corresponding average 1.6% 59.3%. Results changed minimally analyses, there statistical support use model. In restricted post-1995, similar that entire period (-2.06 million/ml, -3.38 0.004 -8.12 million, -13.73 -2.51, 0.006, respectively).This comprehensive reports (as TSC) 2011, driven 50-60% unselected Europe, Zealand. Because public health implications these results, research causes this continuing urgently needed.

Language: Английский

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Metabolism disrupting chemicals and metabolic disorders

Reproductive Toxicology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 68, P. 3 - 33

Published: Oct. 19, 2016

The recent epidemics of metabolic diseases, obesity, type 2 diabetes(T2D), liver lipid disorders and syndrome have largely been attributed to genetic background changes in diet, exercise aging. However, there is now considerable evidence that other environmental factors may contribute the rapid increase incidence these diseases. This review will examine T2D non-alcoholic fatty disease (NAFLD), contribution genetics describe role endocrine system disorders. It then specifically focus on disrupting chemicals (EDCs) etiology NAFLD while finally integrating information EDCs multiple could lead syndrome. We linking EDC exposures during critical periods development with diseases manifest later life across generations.

Language: Английский

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Epidemiology of Thyroid Nodules

Springer eBooks, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 11

Published: Aug. 22, 2017

Language: Английский

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Human exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals: effects on the male and female reproductive systems

Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 51, P. 56 - 70

Published: March 7, 2017

Language: Английский

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Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: Effects on Endocrine Glands

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: March 21, 2019

In recent years endocrine disrupting chemicals have gained interest in human physiopathology and more studies aimed to explain how these compounds affect system. populations, the majority of point towards an association between exposure disorders affecting axis. A great number seems be able interfere with physiology hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis; however, every axis may a target for each EDCs their action is not limited single or organ. Several also negative impact on energy metabolic homeostasis altering adipose tissue promoting obesity, syndrome, diabetes. Different mechanism been proposed associations but complexity together degree occupational environmental exposure, low standardization studies, presence confounding factors prevented establish causal relationship specific toxicants so far. This manuscript aim review state art scientific literature regarding effects endocrine-disrupting

Language: Английский

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Fertile ground: human endometrial programming and lessons in health and disease

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 12(11), P. 654 - 667

Published: July 22, 2016

Language: Английский

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Induction of oxidative stress by bisphenol A and its pleiotropic effects

Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 58(2), P. 60 - 71

Published: Feb. 9, 2017

Bisphenol A (BPA) has become a target of intense public scrutiny since concerns about its association with human diseases such as obesity, diabetes, reproductive disorders, and cancer have emerged. BPA is highly prevalent chemical in consumer products, exposure thought to be ubiquitous. Numerous studies demonstrated endocrine disrupting properties attributed cytotoxic, genotoxic, carcinogenic effects; however, the results these are still debated consensus BPA's safety role disease not been reached. One contributing factors lack molecular mechanisms or modes action that explain diverse pleiotropic effects observed after exposure. The increase research seen over last ten years resulted more examine revealed links between BPA‐induced oxidative stress disease. Here, review current literature examining induction reactive oxygen species (ROS) will provided landscape provide framework for understanding how by may contribute Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 58:60–71, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Language: Английский

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Update of the risk assessment of di‐butylphthalate (DBP), butyl‐benzyl‐phthalate (BBP), bis(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), di‐isononylphthalate (DINP) and di‐isodecylphthalate (DIDP) for use in food contact materials

EFSA Journal, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 17(12)

Published: Dec. 1, 2019

The EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes and Processing Aids (CEP Panel) was asked by the European Commission to update its 2005 risk assessments of di-butylphthalate (DBP), butyl-benzyl-phthalate (BBP), bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), di-isononylphthalate (DINP) di-isodecylphthalate (DIDP), which are authorised for use in plastic food contact material (FCM). Dietary exposure estimates (mean high (P95)) were obtained combining literature occurrence data with consumption from Comprehensive Database. highest found DINP, ranging 0.2 4.3 0.4 7.0 μg/kg body weight (bw) per day mean consumers, respectively. There not enough information draw conclusions how much migration FCM contributes dietary phthalates. review toxicological focused mainly reproductive effects. CEP derived same critical effects individual tolerable daily intakes (TDIs) (mg/kg bw day) as all phthalates, i.e. DBP (0.01), BBP (0.5), DEHP (0.05), liver DINP DIDP (0.15 each). Based a plausible common mechanism (i.e. reduction fetal testosterone) underlying DEHP, BBP, considered it appropriate establish group-TDI these taking index compound basis introducing relative potency factors. noted that also affected testosterone levels at doses around threefold higher than therefore conservative include within established be 50 day, expressed equivalents. aggregated DBP, estimated 0.9-7.2 1.6-11.7 respectively, thus contributing up 23% worst-case scenario. For DIDP, included group-TDI, always below 0.1 far TDI 150 day. This assessment covers consumers any age, including most sensitive groups. limited scope mandate uncertainties identified, current five individually collectively, should temporary basis.

Language: Английский

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The Minderoo-Monaco Commission on Plastics and Human Health

Annals of Global Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 89(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Plastics have conveyed great benefits to humanity and made possible some of the most significant advances modern civilization in fields as diverse medicine, electronics, aerospace, construction, food packaging, sports. It is now clear, however, that plastics are also responsible for harms human health, economy, earth's environment. These occur at every stage plastic life cycle, from extraction coal, oil, gas its main feedstocks through ultimate disposal into The extent these not been systematically assessed, their magnitude fully quantified, economic costs comprehensively counted.The goals this Minderoo-Monaco Commission on Human Health examine plastics' impacts across cycle on: (1) health well-being; (2) global environment, especially ocean; (3) economy; (4) vulnerable populations-the poor, minorities, world's children. On basis examination, offers science-based recommendations designed support development a Global Treaty, protect save lives.This report contains seven Sections. Following an Introduction, Section 2 presents narrative review processes involved production, use, notes hazards environment associated with each stages. 3 describes ocean potential enter marine web result exposure. 4 details health. 5 first-order estimate health-related costs. 6 examines intersection between plastic, social inequity, environmental injustice. 7 Commission's findings recommendations.Plastics complex, highly heterogeneous, synthetic chemical materials. Over 98% produced fossil carbon- oil gas. comprised carbon-based polymer backbone thousands additional chemicals incorporated polymers convey specific properties such color, flexibility, stability, water repellence, flame retardation, ultraviolet resistance. Many added toxic. They include carcinogens, neurotoxicants endocrine disruptors phthalates, bisphenols, per- poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), brominated retardants, organophosphate retardants. integral components many environment.Global production has increased almost exponentially since World War II, time more than 8,300 megatons (Mt) manufactured. Annual volume grown under Mt 1950 460 2019, 230-fold increase, track triple by 2060. More half all ever 2002. Single-use account 35-40% current represent rapidly growing segment manufacture.Explosive recent growth reflects deliberate pivot integrated multinational fossil-carbon corporations produce manufacture plastics. reducing fuels increasing manufacture. two principal factors decreasing demand due increases 'green' energy, massive expansion fracking.Plastic energy-intensive contributes significantly climate change. At present, estimated 3.7% greenhouse emissions, contribution Brazil. This fraction projected increase 4.5% 2060 if trends continue unchecked.The three phases: disposal. In carbon feedstocks-coal, gas, oil-are transformed energy-intensive, catalytic vast array products. Plastic use occurs aspect results widespread exposure contained plastic. constitute largest portion followed fibers construction.Plastic inefficient, recovery recycling rates below 10% globally. 22 waste enters year, much it single-use gigatons accumulated 1950. Strategies controlled uncontrolled landfilling, open burning, thermal conversion, export. Vast quantities exported year high-income low-income countries, where accumulates landfills, pollutes air water, degrades vital ecosystems, befouls beaches estuaries, health-environmental injustice scale. Plastic-laden e-waste particularly problematic.Plastics plastic-associated pollution. contaminate aquatic (marine freshwater), terrestrial, atmospheric environments destination found throughout ocean, including coastal regions, sea surface, deep sea, polar ice. appear resist breakdown could persist decades. Macro- micro-plastic particles identified hundreds species major taxa, consumed humans. Trophic transfer microplastic within them demonstrated. Although themselves (>10 µm) undergo biomagnification, hydrophobic bioaccumulate animals biomagnify webs. amounts fates smaller nanoplastic (MNPs <10 poorly understood, but harm worrying given mobility biological systems. Adverse pollution multiple levels molecular biochemical population ecosystem. MNP contamination seafood direct, though well chemicals. Marine endangers ecosystems upon which depends food, oxygen, livelihood, well-being.Coal miners, workers field who extract suffer mortality traumatic injury, coal workers' pneumoconiosis, silicosis, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary lung cancer. risk leukemia, lymphoma, hepatic angiosarcoma, brain cancer, breast mesothelioma, neurotoxic decreased fertility. Workers producing textiles die bladder interstitial disease rates. toxic metal poisoning, neuropathy, Residents "fenceline" communities adjacent sites experience risks premature birth, low birth weight, asthma, childhood cancer.During disposal, release additives residual monomers people. National biomonitoring surveys USA document population-wide exposures disrupt function births, neurodevelopmental disorders, male reproductive defects, infertility, obesity, renal cancers. Chemical-laden MNPs formed degradation can living organisms, Emerging, albeit still incomplete evidence indicates may cause toxicity physical toxicological effects acting vectors transport bacterial pathogens tissues cells.Infants womb young children populations high plastic-related effects. Because exquisite sensitivity early hazardous children's unique patterns exposure, linked prematurity, stillbirth, defects organs, impairment, impaired growth, Early-life non-communicable diseases later life.Plastic's We 2015 exceeded $250 billion (2015 Int$) globally, alone disability caused PBDE, BPA DEHP $920 Int$). (GHG) emissions equivalent 1.96 dioxide (CO2e) annually. Using US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) cost metric, we annual GHG be $341 Int$).These costs, large they are, certainly underestimate full losses resulting negative All costs-and costs-are externalized petrochemical manufacturing industry borne citizens, taxpayers, governments countries around world without compensation.The adverse economy evenly distributed. disproportionately affect disempowered, marginalized workers, racial ethnic communities, Indigenous groups, women, children, whom had little do creating crisis lack political influence or resources address it. Plastics' harmful keenly felt South, small island states, disenfranchised areas North. Social justice (SEJ) principles require reversal inequitable burdens ensure no group bears disproportionate share those benefit economically bear fair currently costs.It clear sustainable societal injustices.The driver worsening exponential accelerating production. further magnified long persistence environment.The plastics-monomers, additives, processing agents, non-intentionally substances-include amongst number known disruptors, neurotoxicants, persistent organic pollutants. planetary leach out plastics, pollution, disease. efforts reduce must chemicals.To at-risk populations, put end 2040, supports urgent adoption nations strong comprehensive Treaty accord mandate set forth March 2022 resolution United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA).International measures needed curb because transcend national boundaries, scale, well-being people poorest nations. Effective implementation will international action coordinated complemented interventions national, regional, local levels.This urges cap targets, timetables, contributions central provision Treaty. recommend inclusion following provisions:The needs extend beyond microplastics litter plastics.The banning severely restricting unnecessary, avoidable, problematic items, items manufactured microbeads.The requirements extended producer responsibility (EPR) make producers, manufacturers products legally financially safety end-of-life management materials sell.The reductions complexity products; health-protective standards additives; requirement non-toxic materials; disclosure components; traceability components. International cooperation essential implementing enforcing standards.The SEJ remedies fill gaps community knowledge advance both distributional procedural equity.This encourages calling exploration listing least pollutants (POPs) Stockholm Convention.This interface Basel London Conventions enhance slow exports least-developed countries.This recommends creation Permanent Science Policy Advisory Body guide Treaty's implementation. priorities would Member States other stakeholders evaluating solutions effective consumption, enhancing recycling, curbing generation waste. assess trade-offs among evaluate safer alternatives monitor transnational export coordinate robust oceanic-, land-, air-based monitoring programs.This investment research crisis. need determine cost-effective context particular proposed solutions. Oceanographic better measure concentrations µm understand distribution fate Biomedical elucidate MNPs.This finds boon stealth threat enormous benefits, linear pay attention design safe near absence recovery, reuse, grave damage, injustices. worsening.While there remain about uncertainties magnitude, available today demonstrates unequivocally severity intervention Manufacture continue. However, reckless ever-increasing unnecessary products, curbed.Global against failure act immense.

Language: Английский

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