C. elegans insulin-like peptides

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 585, P. 112173 - 112173

Published: Feb. 11, 2024

Insulin-like peptides are a group of hormones crucial for regulating metabolism, growth, and development in animals. Invertebrates, such as C. elegans, have been instrumental understanding the molecular mechanisms insulin-like peptides. Here, we review 40 peptide genes encoded elegans genome. Despite large number, there is only one receptor, called DAF-2. The insulin growth factor signaling (IIS) pathway evolutionarily conserved from worms to humans. Thus provides an excellent model understand how these function. unique that it possesses antagonistic properties, unlike all human peptides, which agonists. This overview current literature on structures, processing, tissue localization, regulation. We will also provide examples during development, germline learning/memory, longevity.

Language: Английский

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Role of beta-hydroxybutyrate measurement in the evaluation of plasma glucose concentrations in newborn infants

Archives of Disease in Childhood Fetal & Neonatal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 109(6), P. 580 - 585

Published: March 1, 2024

Objective The Glucose in Well Babies (GLOW) Study showed that there are two phases of low glucose concentrations healthy newborn infants: an initial phase which plasma ketones low; and a second accompanied by elevated ketones. implications these for the brain differ depending on whether available as alternative substrate metabolism. purpose this study was to estimate duration neonatal 66 breastfed newborns from GLOW during first 5 days life. Methods sum beta-hydroxybutyrate (BOHB) used proxy total insulin-dependent fuels brain; threshold value below 4 mmol/L taken indicate presence relative hyperinsulinism BOHB concentration above 0.5 ketonaemia. Results lasted median 40 hours 15% infants, persisted beyond 60 hours. Fifty (76%) infants subsequently had ketonaemia, resolved at age 76 (range 41–>120 hours). Conclusions These data suggest monitoring may be useful interpreting screening persistent hyperinsulinism.

Language: Английский

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A switch in the mode of tissue growth extends the growth phase of Drosophila wing primordia during early pupal development

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

ABSTRACT Understanding how final organ size is established during development raises two key questions: organs increase their mass and they stop growing upon reaching an appropriate size. While growth driven by conserved signaling pathways, the mechanisms underlying arrest remain elusive. Studies on Drosophila imaginal wing discs have provided a model whereby coincides with of cell proliferation at end larval phase. Here, through 3D reconstruction volume measurements, we show that grow continuously throughout larva-to-pupa (L/P) transition proceed to later pupal period. This supplemental phase involves switch L/P uncouples from tissue growth, important contribution Insulin/IGF signaling. These findings challenge existing open new avenues for our understanding determination.

Language: Английский

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Regulation and function of insulin and insulin-like growth factor receptor signalling

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 10, 2025

Language: Английский

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Distinct roles of the circMKNK2/miR-15a Axis in regulating chicken skeletal muscle development and glucose metabolism

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 144201 - 144201

Published: May 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Circadian clock-independent ultradian rhythms in lipid metabolism in the Drosophila fat body

Journal of Biological Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 110245 - 110245

Published: May 1, 2025

The role of circadian clocks in regulating metabolic processes is well known; however, their impact on states across species and life stages remains largely unexplored. This study investigates the relationship between rhythms regulation Drosophila larval fat body, a hub analogous to mammalian liver adipose tissue. Surprisingly, body period null mutants, which lack functional clock all tissues, exhibited 12-hour gene expression, particularly those involved peroxisome function, lipid metabolism, oxidative stress response. These transcriptomic were aligned with oscillations biogenesis activity, reactive oxygen levels, peroxidation. Furthermore, mutants storage, ultimately leading net reduction levels. Collectively, our results identify clock-independent ultradian metabolism that are essential for survival development.

Language: Английский

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Etiology of the Neonatal Hypoglycemias

Advances in Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 71(1), P. 119 - 134

Published: April 23, 2024

Language: Английский

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Association between dietary soy prevention of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and normalization of placental insulin and insulin-like growth factor signaling networks and downstream effector molecule expression

Gene & Protein in Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(2), P. 3113 - 3113

Published: June 13, 2024

Chronic prenatal alcohol exposure causes fetal spectrum disorder (FASD), often associated with impaired placentation and intrauterine growth restriction. Ethanol’s inhibition of insulin insulin-like factor Type 1 (IGF-1) signaling compromises trophoblastic cell motility maternal vascular transformation at the implantation site. Previous studies have demonstrated that dietary soy effectively normalizes in an experimental model FASD. The were extended to better understand mechanisms underlying soy’s beneficial effects. Pregnant Long Evans rats pair-fed isocaloric liquid diets containing either 0% or 36% caloric ethanol from gestation day (GD) 6. protein source consisted casein (standard control) isolate. On GD19, placentas harvested measure mRNA levels corresponding major components insulin/IGF-1 pathway, as well aspartyl-asparaginyl-β-hydroxylase (ASPH), Notch, HES, which play critical roles placentation. gestational fed significantly reduced expression insulin, receptor, Igf1, IGF-1 receptor (Igf1r), substrate (Irs1), Irs2, Asph, Hes1. In addition, decreased ASPH expression. Dietary mitigated most these effects further enhanced by upregulating Igf2, Igf2r, Irs1, Irs4, Hes1 chronically exposed relative control samples. protective FASD act level positively impact pathways imperative for normal development. Gestational may provide effective means preventing vulnerable populations.

Language: Английский

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Insulin Signaling Pathway Mediates FoxO–Pepck Axis Regulation of Glucose Homeostasis in Drosophila suzukii

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(19), P. 10441 - 10441

Published: Sept. 27, 2024

The agricultural pest Drosophila suzukii exhibits a strong preference for feeding on fresh fruits, demonstrating high adaptability to sugary environments. Meanwhile, sugar levels stimulate insulin secretion, thereby regulating the steady state of metabolism. Understanding mechanisms related metabolism in D. is crucial due its adaptation these specific environmental conditions. signaling pathway an evolutionarily conserved phosphorylation cascade with significant roles development and We observed that activation inhibited FoxO activity downregulated expression Pepck, activating glycolysis reducing glucose levels. By contrast, inhibiting increased upregulated which activated gluconeogenesis led Our findings demonstrated role mediating through FoxO–Pepck axis, supports ecological high-sugar niches, providing insights into metabolic control suggesting potential strategies management. Elucidating molecular processes important understanding regulation specialization suzukii.

Language: Английский

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Integrating the dynamic and energetic fields of metabolism and development

Development, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 150(20)

Published: Oct. 15, 2023

All cells rely on a complex set of metabolic processes to generate energy and produce the building blocks for cellular membranes macromolecules. In addition these fundamental functions pathways, it has become increasingly clear – particularly from work in cancer field that metabolites can have instructive roles cell behaviour via effects gene expression signalling. Development is another obvious context which may also use cues, alongside genetic regulation, rapidly integrate spatial information signals occur during key developmental processes, such as patterning, fate determination morphogenesis. However, extent nutrients play development regeneration only beginning be uncovered.In this Special Issue, we highlight exciting developing through research review-type articles examine relationship between diverse range systems across both plant animal kingdoms. Moreover, demonstrate diversity pathways involved development. One-carbon metabolism, produces units methylation, nucleotide amino acid biosynthesis, implicated controlling neurogenic transitions mouse neocortex (Saha et al., 2023), neuroepithelia Drosophila optic lobe (Silva 2023) intestinal homeostasis mice (Li 2023). Amino acids themselves important signalling functions: L-proline exhibits growth factor-like properties induce embryonic stem differentiation (Glover glutamine protects spermatogonial reactive oxygen species generated mitochondrial oxidative metabolism (Miyazaki acids, importance carbohydrate shown response root meristem sugar (Olatunji role starch wheat grain (Xu Dietary plays determining fertility, independent its adipogenic (Dutra Nunes Drummond-Barbosa, Further experiments reveal additional lipid storage: droplets are spatially sorted within embryo (Kilwein droplet cargo release dynamically regulated (Giedt Finally, iron required heme highlighted. Heme deficiency zebrafish red blood detrimental haematopoietic stem/progenitor survival (Lv Liu, while gestational affects interneuron subtype specification (Rudy 2023).In articles, Ferenc Ikmi provide an overview nutritional control different (Ferenc Ikmi, Tu colleagues describe specific nutrients, vitamins, mammalian development, disease (Tu addition, Zhao survey dynamic changes early meet context-specific requirements, global epigenetic modifications zygotic genome activation (Zhao similar vein, Mahmoud illustrates how necessary adapt changing environments, tissue (Mahmoud, Furthermore, Vanderwall Gendron summarise mechanisms sense states regulate plants (Vanderwall Gendron, Tippetts discuss function diapause, substrates ligand cues (Tippetts Suzawa Bland concise signal, insulin, whole organism (Suzawa Bland, Kramer placental communication influences maternal fetal (Kramer 2023).Together, illustrate power linking metabolic, programmes, some many ways activity influence processes. As continues grow, look forward opportunities uncover interacts with other mechanical feedback.We hope issue piques your interest you will continue consider biology. We submit next article growing Development.

Language: Английский

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