Recent advances in neuropeptide signaling in Drosophila, from genes to physiology and behavior

Progress in Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 179, P. 101607 - 101607

Published: March 22, 2019

Language: Английский

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Drosophila melanogaster: A Model Organism to Study Cancer

Frontiers in Genetics, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Feb. 28, 2019

Cancer is a multistep disease driven by the activation of specific oncogenic pathways concomitantly with loss function tumor suppressor genes that act as sentinels to control physiological growth. The conservation most these signaling in Drosophila, and ability easily manipulate them genetically, has made fruit fly useful model organism study cancer biology. In this review we outline basic mechanisms conserved between humans flies responsible inducing uncontrolled growth development. Second, describe classic novel Drosophila models used different cancers, objective discuss their strengths limitations on use identify signals driving cell autonomously within organs, drug discovery for therapeutic approaches.

Language: Английский

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Fat Body Biology in the Last Decade

Annual Review of Entomology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 64(1), P. 315 - 333

Published: Oct. 12, 2018

The insect fat body is analogous to vertebrate adipose tissue and liver. In this review, the new exciting advancements made in biology last decade are summarized. Controlled by hormonal nutritional signals, cells undergo mitosis during embryogenesis, endoreplication larval stages, remodeling metamorphosis regulate reproduction adults. Fat tissues major sites for nutrient storage, energy metabolism, innate immunity, detoxification. Recent studies have revealed that plays a central role integration of signals growth, size, circadian clock, pupal diapause, longevity, feeding behavior, courtship partially releasing remotely control brain. addition, has emerged as fascinating model studying metabolic disorders immune diseases. Potential future directions also proposed herein.

Language: Английский

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The genetic basis of cerebral palsy

Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 59(5), P. 462 - 469

Published: Jan. 1, 2017

Although prematurity and hypoxic-ischaemic injury are well-recognized contributors to the pathogenesis of cerebral palsy (CP), as many one-third children with CP may lack traditional risk factors. For these children, a genetic basis their condition is suspected. Recent findings have implicated copy number variants mutations in single genes CP. Current studies limited by relatively small patient numbers, underlying heterogeneity identified, paucity validation that been performed. However, several mapping intersecting pathways controlling neurodevelopment neuronal connectivity identified. Analogous other neurodevelopmental disorders such autism intellectual disability, genomic architecture likely be highly complex. we just beginning understand contributions CP, new insights anticipated serve unique window into neurobiology suggest targets for intervention.

Language: Английский

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Modelling amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: progress and possibilities

Disease Models & Mechanisms, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 10(5), P. 537 - 549

Published: May 1, 2017

ABSTRACT Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects the motor system and presents with progressive muscle weakness. Most patients survive for only 2-5 years after disease onset, often due to failure of respiratory muscles. ALS familial in ∼10% patients, remaining 90% developing sporadic ALS. Over past decade, major advances have been made our understanding genetics neuropathology To date, around 20 genes are associated ALS, most common causes typical mutations SOD1, TARDBP, FUS C9orf72. Advances genetic basis led creation different models this disease. The molecular pathways emerged from these systems more heterogeneous than previously anticipated, ranging protein aggregation defects multiple key cellular processes neurons, dysfunction surrounding non-neuronal cells. Here, we review model used study discuss how they contributed current knowledge mechanisms. A better emerging pathways, detrimental effects various gene underlying neuron denegation will accelerate progress development novel treatments.

Language: Английский

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Phylogeny of the GenusDrosophila

Genetics, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 209(1), P. 1 - 25

Published: Jan. 15, 2018

Abstract Understanding phylogenetic relationships among taxa is key to designing and implementing comparative analyses. The genus Drosophila, which contains over 1600 species, one of the most important model systems in biological sciences. For a century, species this group, Drosophila melanogaster, has been studies animal development genetics, genome organization evolution, human disease. As whole-genome sequencing becomes more cost-effective, there increasing interest other members morphologically, ecologically, behaviorally diverse genus. Phylogenetic within are complicated, goal paper provide review recent taxonomic changes aid further studies.

Language: Английский

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Ferroptosis in health and disease

Redox Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 75, P. 103211 - 103211

Published: May 30, 2024

Ferroptosis is a pervasive non-apoptotic form of cell death highly relevant in various degenerative diseases and malignancies. The hallmark ferroptosis uncontrolled overwhelming peroxidation polyunsaturated fatty acids contained membrane phospholipids, which eventually leads to rupture the plasma membrane. unique that it essentially spontaneous, uncatalyzed chemical process based on perturbed iron redox homeostasis contributing process, but nonetheless modulated by many metabolic nodes impinge cells' susceptibility ferroptosis. Among affecting sensitivity, several have emerged as promising candidates for pharmacological intervention, rendering ferroptosis-related proteins attractive targets treatment numerous currently incurable diseases. Herein, current members Germany-wide research consortium focusing research, well key external experts who made seminal contributions this rapidly growing exciting field gathered provide comprehensive, state-of-the-art review Specific topics include: basic mechanisms, vivo relevance, specialized methodologies, tools, potential contribution disease etiopathology progression. We hope article will not only established scientists newcomers with an overview multiple facets ferroptosis, also encourage additional efforts characterize further molecular pathways modulating ultimate goal develop novel pharmacotherapies tackle associated - or caused

Language: Английский

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Evolutionary formation of melatonin and vitamin D in early life forms: insects take centre stage

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 99(5), P. 1772 - 1790

Published: April 30, 2024

Melatonin, a product of tryptophan metabolism via serotonin, is molecule with an indole backbone that widely produced by bacteria, unicellular eukaryotic organisms, plants, fungi and all animal taxa. Aside from its role in the regulation circadian rhythms, it has diverse biological actions including cytoprotective responses other functions crucial for survival across different species. The latter properties are also shared metabolites kynuric products generated reactive oxygen species or phototransfomation induced ultraviolet radiation. Vitamins D related photoproducts originate phototransformation ∆5,7 sterols, which 7-dehydrocholesterol ergosterol examples. Their bonds B ring absorb solar radiation [290-315 nm, (UVB) radiation] resulting opening to produce previtamin D, referred as secosteroid. Once formed, can either undergo thermal-induced isomerization vitamin UVB be transformed into lumisterol tachysterol. Vitamin well tachysterol, hydroxylated cyochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes biologically active hydroxyderivatives. best known these 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin (1,25(OH)

Language: Английский

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Modeling Human Cancers in Drosophila

Current topics in developmental biology/Current Topics in Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 287 - 309

Published: July 31, 2016

Language: Английский

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Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorder

Anesthesiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 132(1), P. 55 - 68

Published: Sept. 15, 2019

The purpose of this article is to provide a succinct summary the different experimental approaches that have been used in preclinical postoperative cognitive dysfunction research, and an overview knowledge has accrued. This not intended be comprehensive review, but rather highlight how many contributed our understanding dysfunction, identify gaps filled by further research. authors organized report level systems complexity, starting with molecular cellular approaches, then moving intact invertebrates vertebrate animal models. In addition, authors' goal improve quality consistency perioperative neurocognitive disorder research promoting optimal study design, enhanced transparency, "best practices" design reporting increase likelihood corroborating results. Thus, conclude general guidelines for designing, conducting rodent

Language: Английский

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