High-carb diet gives migrating locusts a head start DOI Open Access
Kathryn Knight

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 226(3)

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

Some feats of migration are truly astounding. Arctic terns journey pole to each year, the great-great-great-grandchildren monarch butterflies that embarked initially in autumn return their northern homes after ∼5000 km odyssey and some desert locusts have even crossed Atlantic, reaching Caribbean South America from North Africa. Stav Talal colleagues Arizona State University (ASU) explain most creatures fuel these epic voyages with carbohydrate energy-rich lipids, often obtained directly an animal's diet. However, locusts, which tend feast on vegetation, supply own lipid fuels created carbohydrates diet little was known about impact a locust's might its ability sustain long flight. In 2017, Arianne Cease, Jon Harrison ASU discovered Mongolian (Oedaleus asiaticus) raised high-carb flew longer than fed low-carb But how well would true champions locust world, migratory (Locusta migratoria), fly when they too were provided diet?‘We reared crowded cages hatchlings, sometimes more 1000 one cage, produce form insects’, says Talal, who, Geoffrey Osgood (ASU), three separate diets – high-carb, low-protein diet; medium-carb, medium-protein low-carb, high-protein before building locust-sized flight tunnels measure insects’ endurance. Filming 100 team recorded had stamina, while been much weaker. ‘Six out 34 continuously for 12 h, whereas only 35 medium-carb h’ Shivam Parmar adding none managed full h. affected locusts’ body composition did change flights?Sure enough, compared insects dined food carrying lipid, accounting up 37% mass, embarking day-long flights. by time completed marathons, all insects, regardless diet, used significant proportion stores. though still 75 mg is sufficient keep airborne h stopped flying just 5.5 So why giving so soon?The suspects several factors could be responsible early. They suggest may simply guarding reserves, terminating carb levels fall low, or somehow protect damaging effects oxygen use power Another possibility dry faster flying, muscle subtly different, limiting endurance.Whatever reason, it clear essential intent high endurance flight, unless get tailwind assistance, probably accounts intrepid transatlantic voyage made way America.

Language: Английский

How Nutrients Mediate the Impacts of Global Change on Locust Outbreaks DOI Creative Commons
Arianne Cease

Annual Review of Entomology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 69(1), P. 527 - 550

Published: Jan. 25, 2024

Locusts are grasshoppers that can migrate en masse and devastate food security. Plant nutrient content is a key variable influencing population dynamics, but the relationship not straightforward. For an herbivore, plant quality depends only on balance of nutrients antinutrients in tissues, which influenced by land use climate change, also nutritional state demands as well its capacity to extract from host plants. In contrast concept positive between nitrogen or protein concentration herbivore performance, five-decade review lab field studies indicates equating N misleading because respond negatively neutrally increasing just often they positively. locusts specifically, low-N environments actually beneficial supply high energy rates support migration. Therefore, intensive use, such continuous grazing cropping, elevated ambient CO 2 levels decrease protein:carbohydrate ratios plants predicted broadly promote locust outbreaks.

Language: Английский

Citations

10
Target for lipid-to-carbohydrate intake minimizes cost of growth DOI
Stav Talal,

Aunmolpreet Chahal,

Geoffrey M. Osgood

et al.

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 291(2023)

Published: May 1, 2024

Many theoretical treatments of foraging use energy as currency, with carbohydrates and lipids considered interchangeable sources. However, herbivores must often synthesize from since they are in short supply plants, theoretically increasing the cost growth. We tested whether a generalist insect herbivore ( Locusta migratoria ) can improve its growth efficiency by consuming lipids, these locusts have preferred caloric intake ratio carbohydrate to lipid (C : L). Locusts fed pairs isocaloric, isoprotein diets differing C L consistently selected 2C 1L target. reared on 3C 0L attained similar final body masses contents diet, but ate more had ~12% higher metabolic rate, indicating an energetic for lipogenesis. These results demonstrate that some animals selectively regulate carbohydrate-to-lipid consumption dietary efficiency.

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Exploring Side Streams Upcycling for Crickets Farming: Insects Biology and Chemical Composition DOI

A. P. Fernandes,

Luisa Helena Cazarolli,

Thais Pigatto

et al.

Food Bioscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 106431 - 106431

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Insect Flight: State of the Field and Future Directions DOI
Lisa A. Treidel, Kevin D. Deem, Mary K. Salcedo

et al.

Integrative and Comparative Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 64(2), P. 533 - 555

Published: July 8, 2024

The evolution of flight in an early winged insect ancestral lineage is recognized as a key adaptation explaining the unparalleled success and diversification insects. Subsequent transitions modifications to machinery, including secondary reductions losses, also play central role shaping impacts insects on broadscale geographic ecological processes patterns present future. Given importance flight, there has been centuries-long history research debate evolutionary origins biological mechanisms flight. Here, we revisit this from interdisciplinary perspective, discussing recent discoveries regarding developmental origins, physiology, biomechanics, neurobiology sensory control diverse set models. We identify major outstanding questions yet be addressed provide recommendations for overcoming current methodological challenges faced when studying which will allow field continue move forward new exciting directions. By integrating mechanistic work into contexts, hope that synthesis promotes stimulates efforts necessary close many existing gaps about causes consequences evolution.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Nutrient supply and accessibility in plants: effect of protein and carbohydrates on Australian plague locust (Chortoicetes terminifera) preference and performance DOI Creative Commons

Jonah Brosemann,

Rick Overson, Arianne Cease

et al.

Frontiers in Insect Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3

Published: July 13, 2023

In contrast to predictions from nitrogen limitation theory, recent studies have shown that herbivorous migratory insects tend be carbohydrate (not protein) limited, likely due increased energy demands, leading them preferentially feed on high plants. However, additional factors such as mechanical and chemical defenses can also influence host plant choice nutrient accessibility. this study, we investigated the effects of protein availability selection performance for a generalist herbivore, Australian plague locust, Chortoicetes terminifera. We manipulated content seedling wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. ) by increasing protein:carbohydrate ratio using (N) fertilizer, physical structure plants grinding breaking down cell walls after drying Using full factorial design, ran both no-choice experiments measure preference performance. confirmed locust with lower protein-carbohydrate (unfertilized plants). Unlike previous mature wild grass species, found intact supported better than dried ground plants, suggesting wall removal may only improve tougher or more carbohydrate-rich These results add growing body evidence several species perform ratio.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Dynamics of stored lipids in fall migratory monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus): Nectaring in northern Mexico allows recovery from droughts at higher latitudes DOI Creative Commons
Keith A. Hobson, Orley R. Taylor, M. Isabel Ramírez

et al.

Conservation Physiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

The eastern population of the North American monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) overwinters from November through March in high-altitude (3000 m+) forests central Mexico during which time they rely largely on stored lipids. These are acquired larval development and conversion sugars floral nectar by adults. We sampled fall migrant monarchs southern Canada migratory route to two overwintering sites 2019 (n = 10 locations), 2020 8 locations) 2021 7 locations). Moderate extreme droughts along were expected result low lipid levels but our analysis collected at indicated that all years most had high lipids prior winter. Clearly, a significant proportion consistently last portion migration. Drought conditions Oklahoma, Texas northern resulted lowest mass wing loading observed year with higher locations southward sites. Compared 2019, increased migrations again Mexican migration than for Oklahoma samples, emphasizing recovery as advanced toward locations. In 3 years, body water was highest Canada-USA phase then declined foraging before recovering increase those indicates availability can compensate poor experienced further north. Our work emphasizes need maintain therefore resources fuel both storage throughout entire route.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
How climate change might impact insect movement via physiological mechanisms DOI Creative Commons
John S. Terblanche, Susana Clusella‐Trullas, Philipp Lehmann

et al.

One Earth, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(4), P. 608 - 622

Published: April 1, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

1
High-carb diet gives migrating locusts a head start DOI Open Access
Kathryn Knight

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 226(3)

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

Some feats of migration are truly astounding. Arctic terns journey pole to each year, the great-great-great-grandchildren monarch butterflies that embarked initially in autumn return their northern homes after ∼5000 km odyssey and some desert locusts have even crossed Atlantic, reaching Caribbean South America from North Africa. Stav Talal colleagues Arizona State University (ASU) explain most creatures fuel these epic voyages with carbohydrate energy-rich lipids, often obtained directly an animal's diet. However, locusts, which tend feast on vegetation, supply own lipid fuels created carbohydrates diet little was known about impact a locust's might its ability sustain long flight. In 2017, Arianne Cease, Jon Harrison ASU discovered Mongolian (Oedaleus asiaticus) raised high-carb flew longer than fed low-carb But how well would true champions locust world, migratory (Locusta migratoria), fly when they too were provided diet?‘We reared crowded cages hatchlings, sometimes more 1000 one cage, produce form insects’, says Talal, who, Geoffrey Osgood (ASU), three separate diets – high-carb, low-protein diet; medium-carb, medium-protein low-carb, high-protein before building locust-sized flight tunnels measure insects’ endurance. Filming 100 team recorded had stamina, while been much weaker. ‘Six out 34 continuously for 12 h, whereas only 35 medium-carb h’ Shivam Parmar adding none managed full h. affected locusts’ body composition did change flights?Sure enough, compared insects dined food carrying lipid, accounting up 37% mass, embarking day-long flights. by time completed marathons, all insects, regardless diet, used significant proportion stores. though still 75 mg is sufficient keep airborne h stopped flying just 5.5 So why giving so soon?The suspects several factors could be responsible early. They suggest may simply guarding reserves, terminating carb levels fall low, or somehow protect damaging effects oxygen use power Another possibility dry faster flying, muscle subtly different, limiting endurance.Whatever reason, it clear essential intent high endurance flight, unless get tailwind assistance, probably accounts intrepid transatlantic voyage made way America.

Language: Английский

Citations

1