Thermal tolerance and survival are modulated by a natural gradient of infection in differentially acclimated hosts

Conservation Physiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

ABSTRACT Wild ectotherms are exposed to multiple stressors, including parasites, that can affect their responses environmental change. Simultaneously, unprecedented warm temperatures being recorded worldwide, increasing both the average and maximum experienced in nature. Understanding how ectotherms, such as fishes, will react combined stress of parasites higher help predict impact extreme events heat waves on populations. The critical thermal method (CTM), which assesses upper (CTmax) lower (CTmin) tolerance, is often used acclimated tolerance various temperature scenarios. Despite widespread use CTM across taxa, few studies have characterized response naturally infected fish or acute affects subsequent survival. We pumpkinseed sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus) four ecologically relevant (10, 15, 20 25°C) one future warming scenario (30°C) for 3 weeks before measuring CTmax CTmin. also assessed individual survival week following CTmax. Parasites were counted identified trials relate infection intensity Interestingly, trematode causing black spot disease negatively related CTmax, suggesting heavily less tolerant warming. Moreover, with yellow grub showed decreased days implying load has negative consequences during events. Our findings indicate that, when combined, parasite high prolonged survival, emphasizing need better understand concomitant effects stressors health outcomes wild This especially true given some species expected thrive waters making host at risk.

Language: Английский

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Fish models to explore epigenetic determinants of hypoxia-tolerance

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 302, P. 111811 - 111811

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

Language: Английский

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Environmental variation associated with overwintering elicits marked metabolic plasticity in a temperate salmonid, Salvelinus fontinalis

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 227(3)

Published: Jan. 18, 2024

ABSTRACT Poleward winters commonly expose animals, including fish, to frigid temperatures and low food availability. Fishes that remain active over winter must therefore balance trade-offs between conserving energy maintaining physiological performance in the cold, yet extent underlying mechanisms of these are not well understood. We investigated metabolic plasticity brook char (Salvelinus fontinalis), a temperate salmonid, from biochemical whole-animal level response cold deprivation. Acute cooling (1°C day−1) 14°C 2°C had no effect on consumption but reduced activity by 77%. then assessed demand 90 days with exposure warm (8°C) or (2°C) while fish were fed starved. Resting rate (RMR) decreased substantially during initial 8°C (Q10=4.2–4.5) exhibited remarkable thermal compensation acclimation (Q10=1.4–1.6). Conversely, RMR was lower (40–48%) starved energy. Thus, absolute magnitude may be masked modified under restriction. This reduction associated atrophy decreases vivo protein synthesis rates, primarily non-essential tissues. Remarkably, deprivation maximum oxygen uptake rates thus aerobic capacity, supporting notion capacity can decoupled certain contexts. Overall, our study highlights multi-faceted energetic flexibility Salvelinus spp. likely contributes their success harsh variable environments emblematic winter-active fishes more broadly.

Language: Английский

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Temperature- and ontogeny-dependent metabolism in invasive early juvenile round goby (Neogobius melanostomus)

Frontiers in Fish Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

The round goby ( Neogobius melanostomus ) is the fastest spreading invasive fish in Laurentian Great Lakes, and concurrent invasions are occurring globally. To inform management mitigation strategies, metabolic rate of adult has been rigorously quantified, but metabolism juvenile life stages represents an important knowledge gap. Here, we measured routine maximum rates (RMR MMR) early (mass 0.007–0.07 g, mean 0.02 g; total length 6.6–19.4 mm, 13.7 mm), ~100× smaller than any previously. understand how may be affected by a warming climate, reared at several ecologically relevant temperatures (15°C, 19°C, 23°C) projected surface temperature under climate change scenarios (27°C). We tested juveniles two separate distinct ages (6–7 weeks 12–14 post-hatch). Growth was highest 23°C compared to 15°C 27°C, this pattern only emerged after development. Routine increased over 2-fold between vs. 27°C (Q 10 = 1.98), found no clear difference our estimation “scope for activity” (i.e., maximum—routine rate) across temperatures, suggesting wide thermal performance curve. also that bioenergetics models previously developed adults do not effectively translate juveniles; current underestimated observed RMR values ~20–60% depending on temperature. Overall, data from study can used improve bioenergetic modeling considering these earlier fill gap understanding species.

Language: Английский

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Closing the air gap: the use of drones for studying wildlife ecophysiology

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

ABSTRACT Techniques for non‐invasive sampling of ecophysiological data in wild animals have been developed response to challenges associated with studying captive or using invasive methods. Of these, drones, also known as Unoccupied Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), and their sensors, emerged a promising tool the ecophysiology toolkit. In this review, we synthesise research scoping review on use drones wildlife PRISMA‐SCr checklist identify where efforts focused knowledge gaps remain. We these results explore current best practices provide recommendations future use. 136 studies published since 2010, aided animal body condition morphometrics, kinematics biomechanics, bioenergetics, health (e.g. microbiomes, endocrinology, disease) both aquatic terrestrial environments. Focal taxa are biased towards marine mammals, particularly cetaceans. While conducted globally, is primarily led by institutions based North America, Oceania, Europe. The obtain morphometric through standard colour sensors single camera photogrammetry predominates. such video tracking thermal imaging allowed insights into other aspects ecophysiology, when combined external techniques biologgers. most used commercially available multirotor platforms modification collect samples, integration techniques, multidisciplinary integrate suite remote sensing methods more fully. outline how technological advances will play key role delivery novel improved data. recommend that researchers prepare influx drone‐assisted advancements cross‐institutional collaborations. describe diversify across species environments sources technologies comprehensive results.

Language: Английский

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Early prenatal but not postnatal glucocorticoid exposure is associated with enhanced HPA axis activity into adulthood in a wild primate

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 292(2039)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis plays a dual role in the biology of developmental plasticity mammals, including humans—HPA activity not only provides input for, but is also target of, offspring plasticity. To investigate understudied effects exposure timing, this study quantified maternal HPA during each half gestation as well early lactation and assessed its effect on cross-sectional sample infant, juvenile adult Assamese macaques ( Macaca assamensis ). add ecological validity to experimental studies under laboratory conditions, were studied wild. Increased faecal glucocorticoid (GC) metabolite levels experienced gestation, postnatal associated with increased from infancy into adulthood. Building prior findings, indicates that significant timing influence presence, magnitude direction, consistency GC function.

Language: Английский

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Editorial: Methods in Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology – Challenges and Opportunities

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 111094 - 111094

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Evidence of the impacts of pharmaceuticals on aquatic animal behaviour (EIPAAB): a systematic map and open access database

Environmental Evidence, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: March 20, 2025

Abstract Background Over the last decade, pharmaceutical pollution in aquatic ecosystems has emerged as a pressing environmental issue. Recent years have also seen surge scientific interest use of behavioural endpoints chemical risk assessment and regulatory activities, underscoring their importance for fitness survival. In this respect, data on how pharmaceuticals alter behaviour animals appears to grown rapidly. Despite this, there been notable absence systematic efforts consolidate summarise field study. To address our objectives were twofold: (1) systematically identify, catalogue, synthesise primary research articles effects animal behaviour; (2) organise information into comprehensive open-access database scientists, policymakers, managers. Methods We searched two electronic databases (Web Science Scopus) supplemented these with additional article sources. The search string followed Population–Exposure–Comparison–Outcome framework capture that used an organism (population) test (exposure) (outcome). Articles screened stages: title abstract, by full-text screening alongside extraction. Decision trees designed priori appraise eligibility at both stages. Information study validity was collected but not basis inclusion. Data synthesis focused species, compounds, behaviour, quality themes enhanced sources metadata from online (e.g. National Center Biotechnology (NCBI) Taxonomy, PubChem, IUCN Red List Threatened Species). Review findings 5,988 articles, which 901 included final database, representing 1,739 unique species-by-compound combinations. includes over 48 (1974–2022), most having focus (510) fewer relating medical basic topics (233 158, respectively). 173 species (8 phyla 21 classes). Ray-finned fishes far common clade (75% evidence base), studies freshwater compared marine (80.4% versus 19.6%). 426 compounds; groups antidepressants (28%), antiepileptics (11%), anxiolytics (10%). Evidence impacts locomotion boldness/anxiety behaviours commonly assessed. Almost all scored laboratory setting, only 0.5% measured under conditions. Generally, we detected poor reporting and/or compliance several criteria. Conclusions Our map revealed rapid increase area past 15 years. highlight multiple areas now suitable quantitative where is lacking. some pitfalls method practice. More detailed would facilitate toxicology studies, assessment, management improve replicability. EIPAAB can be tool closing knowledge methodological gaps future.

Language: Английский

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Shed antlers as a larval environment: antler quality and adult performance of wild Protopiophila litigata (Diptera: Piophilidae)

The Canadian Entomologist, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 157

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract The developmental environment can have an especially large impact on life history plasticity in animals, influencing body size, reproductive success, and longevity. This is because processes interact with environmental factors to determine phenotypes such as sexual investment, metabolic rate, which turn influence longevity senescence. We investigated how natural differences the larval (discarded moose antlers) influenced development time, survival, mating success of wild male antler flies, Protopiophila litigata Bonduriansky (Diptera: Piophilidae). Antlers become depleted resources from year year, multiple generations larvae feed within them. collected that grew inside nine different shed antlers, we individually tracked them field adults. Moose antlers were more attractive adult P. also supported a greater number larvae, suggesting they are higher quality. Flies developed completed metamorphosis quickly but did not differ longevity, or lifetime success. suggests observed density may, part, balance variation resource availability among antlers. Regardless natal antler, tended live longer found previous studies this species.

Language: Английский

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Using the reactive scope model to redefine the concept of social stress in fishes

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 228(6)

Published: March 15, 2025

ABSTRACT The term ‘social stress’ has traditionally referred to physiological stress responses induced by the behaviour of conspecifics, particularly aggression or agonistic behaviours. Here, we review consequences social status in fishes using reactive scope model (RSM) explain divergent phenotypes dominant and subordinate fish. RSM plots levels different mediators (e.g. behaviour, glucocorticoid hormones) over time, them define functional ranges that differ their for animal. We discuss differences growth, reproduction tolerance environmental challenges, all which are suppressed individuals, focus on underlying mechanisms give rise these phenotypes. Repeated and/or continual activation hypothalamic–pituitary–interrenal (HPI) axis fish can lead prolonged elevation cortisol, a key mediator. In turn, this increases ‘wear tear’ lowering (i.e. range healthy animal) increasing susceptibility homeostatic overload. That is, they experience and, ultimately, capacity cope with challenges is limited. By contrast, maintained hence better able tolerate challenges. Redefining terms allows us overcome ambiguities limitations associated concept stress.

Language: Английский

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