Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 228(Suppl_1)
Published: Feb. 15, 2025
ABSTRACT Animal migrations, or long-distance movements, on land, through water in the air, are considered energetically costly because of investment persistent locomotion typical for migration. Diverse strategies exist to manage these energetic costs. Yet migration is only one stage an annual cycle and may not be most costly. To better understand how free-ranging animals adaptively organize energy expenditure locomotion, perspective needed. Bio-logging data collected a range animal species could facilitate life approach study expenditure. We provide examples from several studies across different taxa, as well more in-depth exploration our own recent research time activity budgets based field observations bio-logging estimate daily migratory seabird throughout year. Our has shown that highest (1.7× average expenditure) during spring gulls, whereas short-distance migrants expend (1.4× breeding season. Based provided, we show bio-energetic models create exciting opportunities energetics behaviour animals, although limitations also still exist. Such can reveal when, where why peaks lulls arise over migrant, if movements indeed expensive adapt fluctuating demands their natural environment
Language: Английский