Pharmacological evaluation of vitamin D in COVID-19 and long COVID-19: recent studies confirm clinical validation and highlight metformin to improve VDR sensitivity and efficacy

Inflammopharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 32(1), P. 249 - 271

Published: Nov. 13, 2023

Abstract Nearly four years after its first appearance, and having gone from pandemic to endemic, the SARS-CoV-2 remains out of control globally. The purpose this study was evaluate clinical efficacy vitamin D (VD) in COVID-19 long COVID-19, explain discrepancy outcomes highlight potential impact metformin on VD recent articles. Articles January 2022 August 2023 were selected for review. objective achieved by reviewing, analyzing, discussing articles demonstrating (1) mechanism action (2) observational or randomized trials (RCTs) that support not beneficial effects COVID. (3) genetic non-genetic reasons variation VD. collected electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Egyptian Knowledge Bank, Science Direct, Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews. Twenty three studies conducted vitro animal models indicated may act through protecting respiratory system antimicrobial peptide cathelicidins, reducing lung inflammation, regulating innate adaptive immune functions up regulation autophagy gene activity. Our review identified 58 met criteria. number publications supporting a activity treating 49 (86%), including 12 meta-analyses. Although total patients included all 14,071,273, role 14,029,411 (99.7%). Collectively, extensive decisive relationship between low levels severity mortality outcomes. Importantly, evidence intervention has demonstrated effectiveness supplements COVID-19. Furthermore, results 4 supported alleviating symptoms disease. However, eight RCTs one meta-analysis contain low-grade against Twenty-five have addressed association VDR DBP polymorphisms treatment failure Impaired signaling underlie variability mechanisms. Interestingly, studies, therapeutic possibly improving AMPK enhancing In conclusion, been significantly strengthened over past 18 months, with several meta-analyses reporting conclusive supplementation highlighting improve sensitivity

Language: Английский

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Vitamin D Deficiency Meets Hill’s Criteria for Causation in SARS-CoV-2 Susceptibility, Complications, and Mortality: A Systematic Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 599 - 599

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

Clinical trials consistently demonstrate an inverse correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D; calcifediol] levels and the risk of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 disease, complications, mortality. This systematic review (SR), guided by Bradford Hill’s causality criteria, analyzed 294 peer-reviewed manuscripts published December 2019 November 2024, focusing on plausibility, consistency, biological gradient. Evidence confirms that cholecalciferol (D3) calcifediol significantly reduce hospitalizations, mortality, with optimal effects above 50 ng/mL. While vitamin requires 3–4 days to act, shows within 24 h. Among 329 trials, only 11 (3%) showed no benefit due flawed designs. At USD 2/patient, D3 supplementation is far cheaper than hospitalization costs more effective standard interventions. SR establishes a strong relationship 25(OH)D vulnerability, meeting criteria. Vitamin infections, deaths ~50%, outperforming all patented, FDA-approved COVID-19 therapies. With over 300 confirming these findings, waiting for further studies unnecessary before incorporating them into clinical protocols. Health agencies scientific societies must recognize significance results incorporate prophylaxis early treatment protocols similar viral infections. Promoting safe sun exposure adequate communities maintain 40 ng/mL (therapeutic range: 40–80 ng/mL) strengthens immune systems, reduces hospitalizations deaths, lowers healthcare costs. When exceed 70 ng/mL, taking K2 (100 µg/day or 800 µg/week) alongside helps direct any excess calcium bones. The recommended dosage (approximately IU/kg body weight non-obese adult) 50–100 cost-effective disease prevention, ensuring health outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Gene expression profiling of vitamin D metabolism enzymes in leukemia and lymphoma patients: molecular aspect interplay of VDR, CYP2R1, and CYP24A1

Molecular Biology Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 51(1)

Published: April 17, 2024

Language: Английский

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Vitamin D status, vitamin D receptor, CYP2R1, and CYP24A1 profiles in children

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: June 7, 2024

Introduction Vitamin D plays a major role in the musculoskeletal and immune system. Understanding comprehensive mechanism of vitamin receptors enzyme induction (CYP2R1) inhibition (CYP24A1) its metabolism is interesting. This study aims to understand Indonesian pediatrics, specifically Jakarta, which has abundant sun exposure. Methodology A cross-sectional with comparative, correlative, multivariate analysis on D, receptor, CYP2R1, CYP24A1 levels was conducted 46 children no known morbidity. Result Subjects were mostly male (52.2%), age group 2–6 years (34.8%), had sufficient status (43.5%, median 27.55 ng/mL). Age found have negative correlation ( p < 0.001; r = −0.625) CYP2R1 0.035; −0.311). Significant positive associations between 0.046; 0.296). Participants aged 0–2 are more likely higher level compared those >2 (OR 42.092, 95% CI [4.532–390.914], 0.001). VDR significantly lower insufficient than 0.018). relation 7.023, [1.864–26.453], 0.004). Conclusion decrease increase age. receptor an inline-level progression level. suggest directly proportional relationship. screening supplementation older 2 old suggested.

Language: Английский

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Adequate serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels are correlated with low anti-PF4 levels in mild COVID-19 Patients: An observational study

Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 103(37), P. e39252 - e39252

Published: Sept. 13, 2024

The worldwide spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in an unparalleled health emergency global proportions. Around 31% individuals with COVID-19 experience thrombosis associated hypercoagulation. patients have shown increase platelet activation, but the mechanism not been fully understood yet. One theory suggests that this could be related to heparin-induced thrombocytopenia phenomenon, where activation involves anti-PF4 antibodies are thrombosis. Vitamin D established exert influence on immunological responses and inflammation. aim study is analyze correlation between serum 25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol [25(OH)D] levels among patients. A cross-sectional was conducted 160 at Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital Wisma Atlit Jakarta from October 2021 January 2022. mean 25(OH)D level 15.1 ng/mL. significant negative found mild ( P = .035; R −0.236). Remarkably, P-selectin were significantly higher moderate group compared severe .031). Serum had a Thus, it highly recommended ensure maintained above 30 group.

Language: Английский

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Why have SGLT2 Inhibitors Failed to Achieve the Desired Success in COVID-19?

Current Pharmaceutical Design, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(15), P. 1149 - 1156

Published: April 1, 2024

Abstract:: The SARS-CoV-2 virus emerged towards the end of 2019 and caused a major worldwide pandemic lasting at least 2 years, causing disease called COVID-19. severe infection with direct cellular toxicity, stimulation cytokine release, increased oxidative stress, disruption endothelial structure, thromboinflammation, as well angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) down-regulation-mediated renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activation. In addition to glucosuria natriuresis, sodium-glucose transport protein (SGLT2) inhibitors (SGLT2i) cause weight loss, decrease in glucose levels an insulin-independent mechanism, increase erythropoietin erythropoiesis, autophagy lysosomal degradation, Na+/H+-changer inhibition, prevention ischemia/reperfusion injury, stress they have many positive effects such reducing inflammation improving vascular function. There was great anticipation for SGLT2i treating patients diabetes COVID-19, but current data suggest are not very effective. Moreover, there has been confusion literature about on COVID-19 . Various factors, including SGLT1 activity, lack angiotensin receptor blocker co-administration, potential ketoacidosis, kidney disruptions fluid electrolyte levels, may hindered SGLT2i's effectiveness against addition, duration use their impact blood viscosity, cholesterol vitamin D also played role failure treat virus. This article aims uncover reasons unravel why failed succeed based some solid evidence speculative personal perspectives.

Language: Английский

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