Emerging applications of gene editing technologies for the development of climate-resilient crops

Frontiers in Genome Editing, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: March 10, 2025

Climate change threatens global crop yield and food security due to rising temperatures, erratic rainfall, increased abiotic stresses like drought, heat, salinity. Gene editing technologies, including CRISPR/Cas9, base editors, prime offer precise tools for enhancing resilience. This review explores the mechanisms of these technologies their applications in developing climate-resilient crops address future challenges. While CRISPR/enables targeted modifications plant DNA, editors allow direct conversion without inducing double-stranded breaks, enable insertions, deletions, substitutions. By understanding manipulating key regulator genes involved stress responses, such as DREB, HSP, SOS, ERECTA, HsfA1, NHX; tolerance can be enhanced against salt stress. improve traits related root development, water use efficiency, response pathways, heat shock response, photosynthesis, membrane stability, ion homeostasis, osmotic adjustment, oxidative response. Advancements gene integration with genomics, phenomics, artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML) hold great promise. However, challenges off-target effects, delivery methods, regulatory barriers must addressed. highlights potential develop crops, contributing sustainable agriculture.

Language: Английский

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Investigating Morphological and Physiological Responses to Stress in Begonia semperflorens

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(8), P. 3514 - 3514

Published: April 9, 2025

Begonia semperflorens, or wax begonias, are popular ornamental plants often challenged by heat and high light stress in subtropical tropical regions. This study examined the responses of two stress-tolerant genotypes (FB08-059 OPGC 5104) stress-susceptible (Cocktail Vodka Sprint White) under elevated temperature conditions. The results revealed significant genotype-dependent differences responses. Stress-tolerant demonstrated distinct adaptive traits, including thicker cuticles, acute leaf folding, anthocyanin accumulation, which collectively contributed to enhanced photoprotection mitigation cellular damage. Notably, FB08-059 exhibited most robust stress-adaptive responses, characterized a 25.83% increase cuticle thickness threefold content These adaptations effectively limited ROS accumulation maintained higher Fv/Fm values, thereby sustaining photosynthetic efficiency relative other genotypes. In contrast, increased ion leakage, reduced chlorophyll content, impaired gas exchange rates, reflecting greater oxidative findings highlight thickness, folding as key indicators resilience. research provides critical insights for breeding programs focused on improving resilience supporting development heat- light-tolerant cultivars sustainable production stress-prone environments.

Language: Английский

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Sugar Transport and Signaling in Shoot Branching

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(23), P. 13214 - 13214

Published: Dec. 9, 2024

The source–sink relationship is critical for proper plant growth and development, particularly vegetative axillary buds, whose activity shapes the branching pattern ultimately architecture. Once formed from meristems, buds remain dormant or become active to grow into new branches. This transition notably driven by regulation of bud sink strength, which reflected in ability unload, metabolize store photoassimilates. Plants have so far developed two main mechanisms unloading sugars (sucrose) towards organs, a symplasmic pathway an apoplasmic pathway, but limited investigations been reported about modes sugar uptake during outgrowth state bud. available data indicate that switch outgrowing state, requires shortly preceded increase metabolic remobilization stem starch reserves favor growing buds. activation strength accompanied up-regulation markers unloading, such as transporters (sucrose transporters—SUTs; will eventually be exported transporters—SWEETs), sucrose hydrolyzing enzymes (cell wall invertase—CWINV) pathways (glycolysis/tricarboxylic cycle—TCA; oxidative pentose phosphate pathway—OPPP). As these results are few species, they not sufficient provide complete accurate picture mode(s) toward deserve complemented additional studies wide variety plants using systems integration, combining genetic, molecular immunolocalization approaches. Altogether, we discuss here how systemic regulator shoot branching, acting both energy-rich molecule signaling entity establishment strength.

Language: Английский

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Advances in Understanding Drought Stress Responses in Rice: Molecular Mechanisms of ABA Signaling and Breeding Prospects

Genes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(12), P. 1529 - 1529

Published: Nov. 27, 2024

Drought stress is a pivotal environmental factor impacting rice production and presents significant challenge to sustainable agriculture worldwide. This review synthesizes the latest research advancements in regulatory mechanisms signaling pathways that employs response drought stress. It elaborates on adaptive changes molecular occur under conditions. The highlights perception initial transmission of signals, key downstream networks such as MAPK Ca2+ pathways, their roles modulating responses. Furthermore, discussion extends hormonal signaling, especially crucial role abscisic acid (ABA) responses, alongside identification drought-resistant genes application gene-editing technologies enhancing resilience. Through an in-depth analysis these this aims offer valuable insights guidance for future resistance breeding agricultural initiatives.

Language: Английский

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