Biomolecules,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
10(12), P. 1702 - 1702
Published: Dec. 21, 2020
Non-alcoholic
fatty
liver
disease
(NAFLD)
is
often
the
hepatic
expression
of
metabolic
syndrome
and
its
comorbidities
that
comprise,
among
others,
obesity
insulin-resistance.
NAFLD
involves
a
large
spectrum
clinical
conditions.
These
range
from
steatosis,
benign
disorder
characterized
by
accumulation
fat
in
hepatocytes,
to
non-alcoholic
steatohepatitis
(NASH),
which
inflammation,
hepatocyte
damage,
fibrosis.
NASH
can
further
progress
cirrhosis
hepatocellular
carcinoma.
The
etiology
both
genetic
environmental
factors,
including
an
unhealthy
lifestyle.
Of
note,
eating
clearly
associated
with
development
progression
NASH.
Both
macronutrients
(sugars,
lipids,
proteins)
micronutrients
(vitamins,
phytoingredients,
antioxidants)
affect
pathogenesis.
Furthermore,
some
evidence
indicates
disruption
homeostasis
food
contaminants,
are
risk
factor
candidates
NAFLD.
At
molecular
level,
several
models
have
been
proposed
for
pathogenesis
Most
importantly,
oxidative
stress
mitochondrial
damage
reported
be
causative
initiation
progression.
aim
this
review
provide
overview
contribution
nutrients
especially
pesticides,
how
they
may
influence
Science,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
358(6359), P. 109 - 111
Published: Oct. 5, 2017
Growing
evidence
for
global
pollinator
decline
is
causing
concern
biodiversity
conservation
and
ecosystem
services
maintenance.
Neonicotinoid
pesticides
have
been
identified
or
suspected
as
a
key
factor
responsible
this
decline.
We
assessed
the
exposure
of
pollinators
to
neonicotinoids
by
analyzing
198
honey
samples
from
across
world.
found
at
least
one
five
tested
compounds
(acetamiprid,
clothianidin,
imidacloprid,
thiacloprid,
thiamethoxam)
in
75%
all
samples,
45%
contained
two
more
these
compounds,
10%
four
five.
Our
results
confirm
bees
their
food
throughout
The
coexistence
other
may
increase
harm
pollinators.
However,
concentrations
detected
are
below
maximum
residue
level
authorized
human
consumption
(average
±
standard
error
positive
samples:
1.8
0.56
nanograms
per
gram).
Toxicology Reports,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
8, P. 1179 - 1192
Published: Jan. 1, 2021
Pesticides
are
commonly
used
in
agriculture
to
enhance
crop
production
and
control
pests.
Therefore,
pesticide
residues
can
persist
the
environment
agricultural
crops.
Although
modern
formulations
relatively
safe
non-target
species,
numerous
theoretical
experimental
data
demonstrate
that
produce
long-term
negative
effects
on
health
of
humans
animals
stability
ecosystems.
Of
particular
interest
molecular
mechanisms
mediate
start
a
cascade
adverse
effects.
This
is
review
latest
literature
consequences
contamination
crops
by
residues.
In
addition,
we
address
issue
implicit
risks
associated
with
formulations.
The
pesticides
considered
context
Adverse
Outcome
Pathway
concept.
Environmental Science Processes & Impacts,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
22(6), P. 1315 - 1346
Published: Jan. 1, 2020
The
review
examines
literature
relevant
to
environmental
fate,
transformation,
and
toxicity,
human
exposure
health
risks
of
neonicotinoid
insecticides.
Journal of Toxicology,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
2019, P. 1 - 14
Published: Jan. 1, 2019
Contamination
by
chemicals
from
the
environment
is
a
major
global
food
safety
issue,
posing
serious
threat
to
human
health.
These
belong
many
groups,
including
metals/metalloids,
polycyclic
aromatic
hydrocarbons
(PAHs),
persistent
organic
pollutants
(POPs),
perfluorinated
compounds
(PFCs),
pharmaceutical
and
personal
care
products
(PPCPs),
radioactive
elements,
electronic
waste,
plastics,
nanoparticles.
Some
of
these
occur
naturally
in
environment,
whilst
others
are
produced
anthropogenic
sources.
They
may
contaminate
our
food—crops,
livestock,
seafood—and
drinking
water
exert
adverse
effects
on
It
important
perform
assessments
associated
potential
risks.
Monitoring
contamination
levels,
enactment
control
measures
remediation,
consideration
sociopolitical
implications
vital
provide
safer
globally.
Environmental Science & Technology Letters,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
4(5), P. 168 - 173
Published: April 5, 2017
Neonicotinoid
insecticides
are
widespread
in
surface
waters
across
the
agriculturally
intensive
Midwestern
United
States.
We
report
for
first
time
presence
of
three
neonicotinoids
finished
drinking
water
and
demonstrate
their
general
persistence
during
conventional
treatment.
Periodic
tap
grab
samples
were
collected
at
University
Iowa
over
7
weeks
2016
(May–July)
after
maize/soy
planting.
Clothianidin,
imidacloprid,
thiamethoxam
ubiquitously
detected
concentrations
ranging
from
0.24
to
57.3
ng/L.
Samples
along
treatment
train
indicate
no
apparent
removal
clothianidin
or
with
modest
(∼50%).
In
contrast,
all
substantially
lower
City
facility
using
granular
activated
carbon
(GAC)
filtration.
Batch
experiments
investigated
potential
losses.
Thiamethoxam
losses
due
base-catalyzed
hydrolysis
under
high-pH
conditions
lime
softening.
GAC
rapidly
nearly
completely
removed
neonicotinoids.
Clothianidin
is
susceptible
reaction
free
chlorine
may
undergo
least
partial
transformation
chlorination.
Our
work
provides
new
insights
into
distribution,
while
also
identifying
as
a
potentially
effective
management
tool
decreasing
neonicotinoid
water.
Environmental Science & Technology,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
52(5), P. 3175 - 3184
Published: Jan. 30, 2018
Neonicotinoids
have
become
the
most
widely
used
insecticides
in
world
since
introduced
mid
1990s,
yet
extent
of
human
exposure
and
health
impacts
is
not
fully
understood.
In
this
study,
residues
were
analyzed
seven
neonicotinoids
fruit
vegetable
samples
collected
from
two
cross-sectional
studies:
U.S.
Congressional
Cafeteria
study
(USCC)
Hangzhou
China
(HZC)
study.
We
then
employed
a
relative
potency
factor
method
to
integrate
all
each
food
sample
using
respective
reference
dose
values
as
basis
for
summation.
The
findings
compared
with
data
published
by
Department
Agriculture
Pesticide
Data
Program
(USDA/PDP).
Imidacloprid
thiamethoxam
commonly
detected
fruits
vegetables
66
51%
detection
HZC
52
53%
USCC
respectively.
overall
frequency
USDA/PDP
was
much
lower
than
those
reported
here
or
studies,
imidacloprid
being
frequently
neonicotinoid
at
7.3%.
high
frequencies
studies
give
us
snapshot
ubiquity
use
global
agriculture
make
it
clear
that
part
dietary
staple,
possible
implications
individuals.
Environmental Health,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
18(1)
Published: Jan. 11, 2019
Neonicotinoids
are
a
class
of
systemic
insecticides
widely
used
on
food
crops
globally.
These
pesticides
may
be
found
in
“off-target”
items
and
persist
the
environment.
Despite
potential
for
extensive
human
exposure,
there
limited
studies
regarding
prevalence
neonicotinoid
residues
foods
sold
consumed
United
States.
Residue
data
seven
collected
between
1999
2015
by
US
Department
Agriculture’s
Pesticide
Data
Program
(PDP)
were
collated
summarized
year
across
various
commodities,
including
fruit,
vegetable,
meat,
dairy,
grain,
honey,
baby
food,
as
well
water
to
qualitatively
describe
examine
trends
contamination
frequency
residue
concentrations.
The
highest
detection
frequencies
(DFs)
neonicotinoids
all
commodities
generally
below
20%.
Average
DFs
over
entire
study
period,
1999–2015,
domestic
imported
similar
at
4.5%.
For
samples
(both
imported)
imidacloprid
was
with
overall
12.0%.
However,
higher
observed
specific
commodity-neonicotinoid
combinations
such
as:
cherries
(45.9%),
apples
(29.5%),
pears
(24.1%)
strawberries
(21.3%)
acetamiprid;
cauliflower
(57.5%),
celery
(20.9%),
(26.3%),
cilantro
(30.6%),
grapes
(28.9%),
collard
greens
(24.9%),
kale
(31.4%),
lettuce
(45.6%),
potatoes
(31.2%)
spinach
(38.7%)
imidacloprid.
also
detected
organic
(DF
<
6%).
Individual
least
5%
testing
positive
two
or
more
included
apples,
celery,
cherries.
Generally,
did
not
exceed
Environmental
Protection
Agency
tolerance
levels.
Increases
both
finished
untreated
from
2004
2011.
Analysis
PDP
indicates
that
low
levels
present
commonly-consumed
fruits
vegetables
US.
Trends
suggest
an
increase
use
acetamiprid,
clothianidin
thiamethoxam
replacements
Given
these
findings,
surveillance
supply
is
warranted,
biomonitoring
assessment
cumulative
daily
intake
high
risk
groups,
pregnant
women
infants.