Genetic and inflammatory factors underlying gestational diabetes mellitus: a review

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: April 17, 2024

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) poses a significant global health concern, impacting both maternal and fetal well-being. Early detection treatment are imperative to mitigate adverse outcomes during pregnancy. This review delves into the pivotal role of insulin function influence genetic variants, including SLC30A8, CDKAL1, TCF7L2, IRS1, GCK, in GDM development. These variations affect beta-cell activity crucial tissues, such as muscle, disrupting glucose regulation We propose hypothesis that this variation may disrupt zinc transport, consequently impairing production secretion, thereby contributing onset. Furthermore, we discussed involvement inflammatory pathways, TNF-alpha IL-6, predisposing individuals GDM. Genetic modulation these pathways exacerbate metabolism dysregulation observed patients. also how affects cardiovascular disease (CVD) through direct correlation between pregnancy cardiometabolic function, increasing atherosclerosis, decreased vascular dyslipidemia, hypertension women with history. However, further research is unravel intricate interplay genetics, understanding for devising targeted gene therapies pharmacological interventions rectify other pertinent genes. Ultimately, offers insights pathophysiological mechanisms GDM, providing foundation developing strategies its impact.

Language: Английский

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Primary Care for Gestational Diabetes: A Bibliometric Analysis of Publications from 1991 to 2024

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(11), P. 1405 - 1405

Published: Oct. 24, 2024

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) represents a significant medical complication during pregnancy, with global prevalence ranging from 2% to 26% and increasing by over 30% in recent decades. Therefore, the aim of our study is assess trends distribution published studies, as well contributions countries, institutions, journals, authors development primary care for pregnant women gestational diabetes. In this bibliometric analysis, we examine role health GDM 1991 2024. The data were sourced Scopus Web Science, encompassing 276 articles 150 sources involving 1375 authors. analysis reveals steady increase publications, 4.29% annual growth rate. This identifies USA UK leading countries research, there are international collaborations, having 17 joint other countries. University Eastern Finland, Ohio State University, Harvard noted most prolific 23, 17, 16 articles, respectively. Additionally, journal

Language: Английский

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Shortcomings, limitations and gaps in physiological roles of extracellular vesicles in obesity

The Journal of Physiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 29, 2024

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in mediating communication between cells across species and kingdoms. The intercellular facilitated by EVs through autocrine paracrine signalling mechanisms is essential for cell survival, maintaining normal metabolic functions ensuring overall bodily homeostasis health. are present various fluids, such as pleural effusions, plasma, breast milk, amniotic fluid, semen saliva. Additionally, the generation release of contribute to removal cellular waste. Patients with obesity exhibit higher amount circulating than individuals weight. This increased EV might inflammatory state characteristic this condition, because levels pro‐inflammatory molecules found within their cargo. However, interpreting results related abundance, cargo biological actions can be complicated several factors; these include variations sources, wide age range (from children elderly), mix females males, medication use health status, body weights weight morbid obesity) differences vitro assays using lines versus primary cultures. article addresses shortcomings, limitations gaps knowledge, providing framework enhancing our understanding physiological effects on obesity. image

Language: Английский

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Gestational Diabetes Management and Outcomes in South Jordan: Metformin Alone vs. Metformin-Insulin Therapy, A Retrospective Cohort Study

Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 51(11)

Published: Nov. 13, 2024

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Jordan displays a considerable variable prevalence, with reported rates ranging from 1.2% to 13.5%. To address this, our institution established dedicated GDM clinic. The primary goal was develop an efficient management system that reduces hospital admissions and improves outpatient care for pregnant women diabetes. current study aims assess the cost-benefit ratio of clinic, determine incidence at hospital, identify its associated risk factors, pregnancy outcomes, analyze treatment regimens applied. Methods: From March August 2023, data newly diagnosed attending clinics clinic Al Karak Governmental Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Extraction information on admissions, baseline maternal characteristics, perinatal outcomes medical records performed. hospital’s accounting department provided daily cost details patient’s stay. We then used these calculate average costs over four-day period. Descriptive analysis performed sociodemographics, obstetric outcomes. association between categorical variables analyzed using Fisher’s exact test. conducted Mantel-Haenszel (MH) evaluate associations selected (large gestational age (LGA), polyhydramnios, pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), neonatal intensive unit (NICU) admission rate) two (metformin vs. metformin insulin), while controlling diagnosis. SPSS version 25 complete statistical analysis. Results: During six-month period, 75 GDM, yielding rate 4.97%. Hospitalization blood sugar decreased 81 previous year 16 during A mean 32.6 years (±5.47) observed among participants, 46% considered obese. Two-thirds multiparous had first-degree relative diabetes, 45% prior GDM. At diagnosis, 60% less than 24 weeks pregnant. Treatment modalities included alone (25.3%) combined metformin-insulin therapy (65.3%). LGA most prevalent antenatal complication (30.6%). After no statistically significant differences found groups LGA, (MH p values: 0.505, 0.971, 0.737, respectively). However, group showed tendency towards increased odds polyhydramnios (odd (OR) 1.431, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.285–7.173) PIH (OR 2.818, CI 0.255–31.097), but 0.476, 0.111–2.050). Compared metformin-only group, significantly higher NICU (87% 13%, value = 0.001). 66.7% hypoglycemia screening. Conclusions: This evaluated managing region high prevalence improved created valuable research database. Our findings revealed outcome insulin-treated patients those metformin, though former due logistical factors. As result this centralized approach, we may be able population-specific protocols, enhance care, advance community development new research.

Language: Английский

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Dyssynchronous Fetal Heart Failure in Maternal Diabetes: Evaluation with Speckle Tracking Echocardiography and Novel M-Mode Software

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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