Harmful algae at the complex nexus of eutrophication and climate change

Harmful Algae, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 91, P. 101583 - 101583

Published: June 20, 2019

Climate projections suggest-with substantial certainty-that global warming >1.5 °C will occur by mid-century (2050). Population is also projected to increase, amplifying the demands for food, fuel, water and sanitation, which, in turn, escalate nutrient pollution. Global of pollution, however, are less certain than those climate as there regionally decreasing trends Europe, stabilization use North America Australia. In this review effects eutrophication on harmful algae, some complex, subtle, non-intuitive interactions physiology both non-harmful taxa emphasized. a future ocean, diatoms may be disproportionately stressed mixotrophs advantaged due changing stoichiometry forms nutrients, temperature, stratification oceanic pH. Modeling advancing, but much yet understood, terms physiology, biogeochemistry trophodynamics how nonharmful change an uncertain driven anthropogenic activities.

Language: Английский

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Climate change could drive marine food web collapse through altered trophic flows and cyanobacterial proliferation

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. e2003446 - e2003446

Published: Jan. 9, 2018

Global warming and ocean acidification are forecast to exert significant impacts on marine ecosystems worldwide. However, most of these projections based ecological proxies or experiments single species simplified food webs. How energy fluxes likely change in webs response future climates remains unclear, hampering forecasts ecosystem functioning. Using a sophisticated mesocosm experiment, we model flows through species-rich multilevel web, with live habitats, natural abiotic variability, the potential for intra- intergenerational adaptation. We show experimentally that combined stress reduced from first trophic level (primary producers detritus) second (herbivores), third (carnivores). Warming isolation also flow herbivores carnivores, efficiency transfer primary detritus detritivores, living biomass herbivores, carnivores. Whilst jointly boosted producer an expansion cyanobacteria, this was converted rather than at higher levels—i.e., production constrained base web. In contrast, affected web positively by enhancing increasing Our results how climate can potentially weaken levels shift towards more detritus-based system, leading simplification altered producer–consumer dynamics, both which have important implications structuring benthic communities.

Language: Английский

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Cross continental increase in methane ebullition under climate change

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Nov. 16, 2017

Methane (CH4) strongly contributes to observed global warming. As natural CH4 emissions mainly originate from wet ecosystems, it is important unravel how climate change may affect these emissions. This especially true for ebullition (bubble flux sediments), a pathway that has long been underestimated but generally dominates Here we show remarkably strong relationship between and temperature across wide range of freshwater ecosystems on different continents using multi-seasonal data the literature. temperature-ebullition relationships have affected by seasonal variation in organic matter availability, also conducted controlled year-round mesocosm experiment. 4 °C warming led 51% higher total annual ebullition, while diffusion was not affected. Our combined findings suggest will enhance through disproportional increase (6-20% per 1 increase), contributing

Language: Английский

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The effects of climatic fluctuations and extreme events on running water ecosystems

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 371(1694), P. 20150274 - 20150274

Published: April 26, 2016

Most research on the effects of environmental change in freshwaters has focused incremental changes average conditions, rather than fluctuations or extreme events such as heatwaves, cold snaps, droughts, floods wildfires, which may have even more profound consequences. Such are commonly predicted to increase frequency, intensity and duration with global climate change, many systems being exposed conditions no recent historical precedent. We propose a mechanistic framework for predicting potential impacts running-water ecosystems by scaling up from individuals entire ecosystems. This requires integration four key components: environment individual metabolism, metabolic biomechanical constraints fluctuating species interactions, assembly dynamics local food webs, mapping meta-community onto ecosystem function. illustrate developing mathematical model dynamically assembling webs. highlight (currently limited) empirical evidence emerging insights theoretical predictions. For example, widely supported predictions about are: high vulnerability per capita demands large-bodied ones at top webs; simplification web network structure impaired energetic transfer efficiency; reduced resilience top-down relative bottom-up regulation processes. conclude identifying questions challenges that need be addressed develop accurate predictive bio-assessments fluctuations, implications management practices an increasingly uncertain world.

Language: Английский

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Biodiversity promotes ecosystem functioning despite environmental change

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 25(2), P. 555 - 569

Published: Dec. 2, 2021

Abstract Three decades of research have demonstrated that biodiversity can promote the functioning ecosystems. Yet, it is unclear whether positive effects on ecosystem will persist under various types global environmental change drivers. We conducted a meta‐analysis 46 factorial experiments manipulating both species richness and environment to test how drivers (i.e. warming, drought, nutrient addition or CO 2 enrichment) modulated effect multiple functions across three taxonomic groups (microbes, phytoplankton plants). found increased in ambient manipulated environments, but often not same degree. In particular, were larger stressful environments induced by drivers, indicating high‐diversity communities more resistant change. Using subset studies, we also mainly driven interspecific complementarity these over time environments. Our findings support conservation as key strategy for sustainable management face

Language: Английский

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Adaptation of phytoplankton to a decade of experimental warming linked to increased photosynthesis

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 1(4)

Published: March 20, 2017

Language: Английский

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The determinants of genetic diversity in butterflies

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Aug. 1, 2019

Abstract Under the neutral theory, genetic diversity is expected to increase with population size. While comparative analyses have consistently failed find strong relationships between census size and diversity, a recent study across animals identified correlation propagule suggesting that r-strategists produce many small offspring, greater long-term sizes. Here we compare genome-wide 38 species of European butterflies (Papilionoidea), group shows little variation in reproductive strategy. We show varies over an order magnitude this cannot be explained by differences current abundance, size, host or geographic range. Instead, negatively correlated body positively length map. This suggests determined both effect selection on linked sites.

Language: Английский

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Key questions and challenges in angiosperm macroevolution

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 219(4), P. 1170 - 1187

Published: March 25, 2018

Contents Summary 1170 I. Introduction II. Six key questions 1172 III. Three challenges 1177 IV. Conclusions 1181 Acknowledgements 1182 References 1183 The origin and rapid diversification of angiosperms (flowering plants) represent one the most intriguing topics in evolutionary biology. Despite considerable progress made complementary fields over last two decades (paleobotany, phylogenetics, ecology, evo‐devo, genomics), many important remain. For instance, what has been impact mass extinctions on angiosperm diversification? Are an adaptive radiation? Has morphological evolution gradual or pulsed? We propose that recent ongoing revolution macroevolutionary methods provides unprecedented opportunity to explore long‐standing probably hold clues understand present‐day biodiversity. present six angiosperms. also identify three address these questions: (1) development new integrative models include diversification, multiple intrinsic environmental traits, biogeography fossil record all at once, whilst accounting for sampling bias heterogeneity processes through time among lineages; (2) need large standardized synthetic databases variation; (3) continuous effort record, but with a current paleobotanical practice.

Language: Английский

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Temperature dependency of metabolic rates in the upper ocean: A positive feedback to global climate change?

Global and Planetary Change, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 170, P. 201 - 212

Published: Aug. 30, 2018

The temperature of seawater can affect marine plankton in various ways, including by affecting rates metabolic processes. This change the way carbon and nutrients are fixed recycled hence chemical biological profile water column. A variety feedbacks on global climate possible, especially altering patterns uptake return dioxide to atmosphere. Here we summarize synthesize recent studies field ecology, oceanography ocean cycling pertaining possible involving By cellular growth respiration, temperature-dependency may nutrient food demand ultimately equilibrium pelagic webs, with cascade effects flux organic between upper inner (the "biological pump") cycle. Insights from modern ecology be applied investigate how temperature-dependent changes biogeochemical over thousands millions years have shaped long-term evolution Earth's life. Investigating geological time scales, through globally warm cold states, help identify processes that relevant for a future scenarios.

Language: Английский

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Response of cyanobacteria and phytoplankton abundance to warming, extreme rainfall events and nutrient enrichment

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 25(10), P. 3365 - 3380

Published: May 16, 2019

Cyanobacterial blooms are an increasing threat to water quality and global security caused by the nutrient enrichment of freshwaters. There is also a broad consensus that with warming, but impacts other concomitant environmental changes, such as increase in extreme rainfall events, may affect this response. One potential effects high events on phytoplankton communities greater loss biomass through hydraulic flushing. Here we used shallow lake mesocosm experiment test combined of: warming (ambient vs. +4°C increase), (flushing) (no seasonal events) loading (eutrophic hypertrophic) total chlorophyll-a cyanobacterial abundance composition. Our hypotheses were that: (a) would be higher heated mesocosms; (b) stimulatory enhanced mesocosms, resulting synergistic interaction; (c) recovery from flushing induced losses quicker nutrient-enriched treatments, during growing season. The results supported first and, part, third hypotheses: increased mesocosms common bloom-forming taxa-Microcystis spp. Dolichospermum Recovery was slowest winter, unaffected or loading. Contrary second hypothesis, antagonistic interaction between detected for both cyanobacteria demonstrating ecological surprises can occur, dependent context. While study highlights clear need mitigate against oversimplification change should avoided; stressor gradients considered important factors shaping

Language: Английский

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