All you need to know about sperm RNAs

Human Reproduction Update, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 28(1), P. 67 - 91

Published: Sept. 9, 2021

Spermatogenesis generates a small and highly specialised type of cell that is apparently incapable transcription translation. For many years, this dogma was supported by the assumption (i) compact sperm nucleus, resulting from substitution histones protamine during spermatogenesis, renders genome inaccessible to transcriptional machinery; (ii) loss most organelles, including endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes, limits or prevents translational activity. Despite these observations, several types coding non-coding RNAs have been identified in human sperm. Their functional roles, particularly fertilisation embryonic development, are only now becoming apparent.This review aimed summarise current knowledge origin, roles RNAs, evaluate clinical benefits employing transcripts as biomarkers male fertility reproductive outcomes. The possible contribution intergenerational transgenerational phenotypic inheritance also addressed.A comprehensive literature search on PubMed conducted using terms 'sperm' AND 'RNA'. Searches focussed upon articles written English published prior August 2020.The development more sensitive accurate RNA technologies, sequencing, has enabled identification characterisation numerous Though majority likely arise other data support an epididymal origin transmitted maturing extracellular vesicles. A minority may be synthesised de novo mature sperm, since portion remains packed histones. This complex population important paternal chromatin packaging, maturation capacitation, fertilisation, early embryogenesis developmental maintenance. In recent additional lines evidence animal models role for inheritance, modulating both genotype phenotype progeny. Importantly, reports indicate content fertile infertile men differs considerably strongly modulated environment, lifestyle pathological states.Transcriptional profiling considerable potential discovery biomarkers. Understanding comparing fingerprint could help elucidate regulatory pathways contributing factor infertility. Such might provide molecular explanation causes idiopathic fertility. Ultimately, employed optimise ART procedures overcome some underlying infertility, ensuring birth healthy children.

Language: Английский

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Angiogenin mediates paternal inflammation-induced metabolic disorders in offspring through sperm tsRNAs

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Nov. 29, 2021

Abstract Paternal environmental inputs can influence various phenotypes in offspring, presenting tremendous implications for basic biology and public health policy. However, which signals function as a nexus to transmit paternal offspring remains unclear. Here we show that of fathers with inflammation exhibit metabolic disorders including glucose intolerance obesity. Deletion mouse tRNA RNase, Angiogenin ( Ang ), abolished inflammation-induced offspring. Additionally, deletion prevented the alteration 5′-tRNA-derived small RNAs (5′-tsRNAs) expression profile sperm, might be essential composing sperm RNA ‘coding signature’ is needed epigenetic memory. Microinjection 30–40 nt fractions (predominantly 5′-tsRNAs) from inflammatory +/+ males but not –/– resulted resultant Moreover, zygotic injection synthetic 5′-tsRNAs increased decreased by partially resembled Together, our findings demonstrate Ang-mediated biogenesis contributes

Language: Английский

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The “Bad Father”: Paternal Role in Biology of Pregnancy and in Birth Outcome

Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 165 - 165

Published: March 3, 2024

Pregnancy is generally studied as a biological interaction between mother and fetus; however, the father, with his characteristics, lifestyle, genetics, living environment, by no means unrelated to outcome of pregnancy. The half fetal genetic heritage paternal derivation can be decisive in cases inherited chromosomal disorders, result de novo alterations. In addition strictly pathological aspects, genetics may transmit thrombophilic traits that affect implantation vascular construction feto-placental unit, lead placenta-mediated diseases such pre-eclampsia growth retardation, contribute multifactorial genesis preterm delivery. Biological aspects immunological tolerance antigens also appear crucial for these pathologies. Finally, this review describes findings which exposure pathogens, nutritional style father pathophysiological epigenetic definition.

Language: Английский

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A novel tsRNA-5008a promotes ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes that causes atrial structural remodeling predisposed to atrial fibrillation

Experimental Cell Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 435(2), P. 113923 - 113923

Published: Jan. 6, 2024

Language: Английский

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Paternal heroin self-administration in rats increases drug-seeking behavior in male offspring via miR-19b downregulation in the nucleus accumbens

Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 8, 2025

Abstract Accumulating evidence indicates that drug addiction may lead to adaptive behavioral changes in offspring, potentially due epigenetic modifications parental germline. However, the underlying mechanisms remain inadequately understood. In this study, we show paternal heroin self-administration (SA) increased heroin-seeking behavior F1 generation, when compared with offspring sired by yoke-infused control males, indicating cross-generational impact of voluntary seeking behavior. Notably, increase was replicated zygotic microinjection sperm RNAs derived from heroin-SA-experienced rats. Analysis non-coding spermatozoa revealed coordinated miRNA content between nucleus accumbens and spermatozoa. We validated restoration miR-19b downregulation RNA self-administration-experienced rats, parallel its overexpression fathers, reversed SA observed these offspring. Taken together, our findings suggest rats induces both brain miRNA, playing a critical role mediating inheritance generation.

Language: Английский

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Oxidative Stress in Reproduction: A Mitochondrial Perspective

Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(9), P. 269 - 269

Published: Sept. 4, 2020

Mitochondria are fundamental organelles in eukaryotic cells that provide ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. During this process, reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced, and an imbalance their concentrations can induce stress (OS), causing cellular damage. However, mitochondria ROS play also important role homeostasis a variety of other signaling pathways not related to metabolic rates, highlighting the physiological relevance mitochondria-ROS interactions. In reproduction, follow peculiar pattern activation, especially gametes, where they relatively inactive during initial phases development, become more active towards final maturation stages. The reasons for lower rates attributed evolutionary advantage keeping levels low, thus avoiding damage apoptosis. review, we overview on interplay between mitochondrial metabolism gametogenesis embryogenesis, how OS influence these processes. We present possible effects assisted reproduction procedures OS, latest techniques developed select gametes embryos based redox state. Finally, evaluate treatments manage improve chances pregnancy.

Language: Английский

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Novel insights into the emerging roles of tRNA-derived fragments in mammalian development

RNA Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 17(8), P. 1214 - 1222

Published: March 1, 2020

ABTRACT tRNA-derived fragments or tRFs were long considered merely degradation intermediates of full-length tRNAs; however, emerging research is highlighting unanticipated new and highly distinct functions in epigenetic control, metabolism, immune activity stem cell fate commitment. Importantly, recent studies suggest that RNA epitranscriptomic modifications may provide an additional regulatory layer dynamically directs tRF cancer cells. In this review, we explore current work illustrating roles mammalian cells with a focus on the impact post-transcriptional for biogenesis function growing class small noncoding RNAs.

Language: Английский

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Sperm epigenetic alterations contribute to inter- and transgenerational effects of paternal exposure to long-term psychological stress via evading offspring embryonic reprogramming

Cell Discovery, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Oct. 27, 2021

Paternal life experiences impact offspring health via germline, and epigenetic inheritance provides a potential mechanism. However, global reprogramming during embryogenesis gametogenesis represents the largest hurdle to conceptualize it. Yet, detailed characterization of how sperm alterations carrying "environmental memory" can evade embryonic remains elusive. Here, mice exposed long-term restraint stress were employed study mechanisms underlying inter- transgenerational effects paternal exposure psychological stress. We found that could induce reproductive, behavioral, metabolic disorders. Bisulfite methylation profiling 18 12 embryo samples three consecutive generations identified Differential DNA Methylation Regions (DMRs) at frequencies ~11.36% 0.48%, respectively. These DMRs related genes with functional implications for response, tissue these passed disorders epigenetically offspring. More importantly, evaded through erasure subsequent reestablishment, but not un-erasure way. Nonetheless, their reestablishment proportions in primitive streak (E7.5) stage altered. Furthermore, sncRNA-seq revealed stress-induced tsRNA, miRNA rsRNA dysregulation might play important roles occurrence inheritance. finding implied contribute stress, highlighted possible molecular

Language: Английский

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Consequences of Paternal Nutrition on Offspring Health and Disease

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(8), P. 2818 - 2818

Published: Aug. 17, 2021

It is well established that the maternal diet during periconceptional period affects progeny’s health. A growing body of evidence suggests paternal also influences disease onset in offspring. For many years, sperm was considered only to contribute half genome. now appears it plays a crucial role health and offspring’s adult life. The nutritional status environmental exposure fathers their childhood and/or have significant transgenerational consequences. This review aims describe effects various human rodent feeding patterns on metabolism health, including fasting or intermittent fasting, low-protein folic acid deficient food, overnutrition high-fat high-sugar diets. impact pregnancy outcome, metabolic pathways, chronic will be described. biological epigenetic mechanisms underlying transmission from progeny discussed. All these data provide nutrition which could lead preventive recommendations for future fathers.

Language: Английский

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Histone Post-Translational Modifications and CircRNAs in Mouse and Human Spermatozoa: Potential Epigenetic Marks to Assess Human Sperm Quality

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(3), P. 640 - 640

Published: Feb. 27, 2020

Spermatozoa (SPZ) are motile cells, characterized by a cargo of epigenetic information including histone post-translational modifications (histone PTMs) and non-coding RNAs. Specific PTMs present in developing germ with key role spermatogenic events such as self-renewal commitment spermatogonia (SPG), meiotic recombination, nuclear condensation spermatids (SPT). Nuclear is related to chromatin remodeling requires massive histone-to-protamine exchange. After this event small percentage condensed histones SPZ contain nucleoprotamines fraction nucleohistone carrying landascape PTMs. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), new class RNAs, nonlinear back-spliced junction, able play microRNA (miRNA) sponges, protein scaffolds translation templates, have been recently both human mouse SPZ. Since their abundance eukaryote tissues, it challenging deepen biological function, especially the field reproduction. Here we review critical male cells profile circRNAs Furthermore, discuss suggested novel biomarkers assess sperm quality improve artificial insemination procedure.

Language: Английский

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