Gradients of Brain Organization: Smooth Sailing from Methods Development to User Community

Neuroinformatics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 3, 2024

Language: Английский

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Longitudinal variation in resilient psychosocial functioning is associated with ongoing cortical myelination and functional reorganization during adolescence

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: July 29, 2024

Abstract Adolescence is a period of dynamic brain remodeling and susceptibility to psychiatric risk factors, mediated by the protracted consolidation association cortices. Here, we investigated whether longitudinal variation in adolescents’ resilience psychosocial stressors during this vulnerable associated with ongoing myeloarchitectural maturation functional networks. We used repeated myelin-sensitive Magnetic Transfer (MT) resting-state neuroimaging ( n = 141), captured adversity exposure adverse life events, dysfunctional family settings, socio-economic status at two timepoints, one years apart. Development toward more resilient functioning was increasing myelination anterolateral prefrontal cortex, which showed stabilized connectivity. Studying depth-specific intracortical MT profiles cortex-wide synchronization maturation, further observed wide-spread reconfiguration cortices paralleled attenuated reorganization increasingly outcomes. Together, resilient/susceptible considerable intra-individual change multi-modal cortical refinement processes local system-level.

Language: Английский

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Purinergic System Transcript Changes in the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Suicide and Major Depressive Disorder

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(5), P. 1826 - 1826

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

Suicide is a major public health priority, and its molecular mechanisms appear to be related imbalanced purine metabolism in the brain. This exploratory study investigates purinergic gene expression postmortem dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) tissue isolated from subjects with depressive disorder (MDD) who died by suicide (MDD-S, n = 10), MDD did not die (MDD-NS, 6) non-psychiatrically ill controls (CTL, 9–10). Purinergic system transcripts were assayed quantitative polymerase chain reactions (qPCR) superficial deep gray matter as well white DLPFC cortical layers using laser microdissection (LMD). Across all subjects, regardless of sex, P2RY12 (F(2,23) 5.40, p 0.004) P2RY13 (KW statistic 11.82, 0.001) transcript levels significantly greater MDD-S compared MDD-NS subjects. Several other perturbations observed females: NT5E (F(2,10) 13.37, (F(2,9) 3.99, 0.011, controlled for age) was vs. female groups. ENTPD2 5.20, 0.03), ENTPD3 28.99, < 0.0001), among whose elevated CTL Transcripts that exhibited altered included ENTPD2, NT5E, PANX1, (p ≤ 0.05). Our medication analysis revealed these antidepressants. first holistically quantify metabolic pathway utilizing human brain tissue. preliminary findings support evidence implicating changes P2 receptors provide broader dysregulation mood disorders.

Language: Английский

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Top-down feedback matters: Functional impact of brainlike connectivity motifs on audiovisual integration

Published: April 9, 2025

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are an important tool for studying computation, but many features of the brain not captured by standard ANN architectures. One notable missing feature in most models is top-down feedback, i.e. projections from higher-order layers to lower-order network. Top-down feedback ubiquitous brain, and it has a unique modulatory impact on activity neocortical pyramidal neurons. However, we still do understand its computational role. Here develop deep network model that captures core functional properties neocortex, allowing us construct hierarchical recurrent more closely reflect architecture brain. We use this explore different architectures audiovisual integration task. find certain hierarchies, namely those mimic human impart with light visual bias similar seen humans. This does impair performance tasks. The results further suggest configurations make otherwise identically connected functionally distinct each other, traditional feedforward-only models. Altogether our findings demonstrate computationally relevant biological brains, incorporating into ANNs affects their behavior helps determine solutions can discover.

Language: Английский

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Top-down feedback matters: Functional impact of brainlike connectivity motifs on audiovisual integration

Published: April 9, 2025

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are an important tool for studying computation, but many features of the brain not captured by standard ANN architectures. One notable missing feature in most models is top-down feedback, i.e. projections from higher-order layers to lower-order network. Top-down feedback ubiquitous brain, and it has a unique modulatory impact on activity neocortical pyramidal neurons. However, we still do understand its computational role. Here develop deep network model that captures core functional properties neocortex, allowing us construct hierarchical recurrent more closely reflect architecture brain. We use this explore different architectures audiovisual integration task. find certain hierarchies, namely those mimic human impart with light visual bias similar seen humans. This does impair performance tasks. The results further suggest configurations make otherwise identically connected functionally distinct each other, traditional feedforward-only models. Altogether our findings demonstrate computationally relevant biological brains, incorporating into ANNs affects their behavior helps determine solutions can discover.

Language: Английский

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Anterior-posterior systematic deficits of cortical thickness in early-onset schizophrenia

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: May 21, 2025

Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental condition with alterations in both sensory and association cortical areas. These have been reported to follow structural connectivity patterning, occur system-level fashion. Here we investigated whether pathological of schizophrenia originate from an early disruption organization. We found covariance gradient axis thickness discriminated anterior posterior region was compressed early-onset (EOS) patients. Patients showed increased between two ends the anterior-posterior axis, geodesic distance covarying regions ends. Positive symptoms strengthening Our findings revealed contracted organizational EOS patients, which attributed excessive distally coordinated changes regions. study systematic perspective suggests disturbed maturational processes EOS, supporting hypothesis schizophrenia.

Language: Английский

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Longitudinal trajectories of resilient psychosocial functioning link to ongoing cortical myelination and functional reorganization during adolescence

Published: Jan. 25, 2024

Adolescence is a period of dynamic brain remodeling and susceptibility to psychiatric risk factors, mediated by the protracted consolidation association cortices. Here, we investigated whether intra-individual trajectories psychosocial functioning relative environmental stressor exposure - including adverse life events, dysfunctional family settings, socio-economic status are tied myeloarchitectural maturation down-stream effects on intrinsic function. To this end, employed longitudinal myelin-sensitive Magnetic Transfer (MT) resting-state imaging in NSPN cohort (aged 14-26y). Developing towards more resilient was linked increasing myelination anterolateral prefrontal cortex, which exhibited stabilized functional connectivity. Studying depth-specific intracortical MT profiles cortex-wide synchronization maturation, further observed wide-spread re-configuration cortices paralleled attenuated reorganization with increasingly outcomes. Together, resilient/susceptible showed considerable change reflected multi-modal cortical refinement processes at local system-level.

Language: Английский

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Clinical parameters affect the structure and function of superficial pyramidal neurons in the adult human neocortex

Brain Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6(5)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract The interplay between neuronal structure and function underpins the dynamic nature of neocortical networks. Despite extensive studies in animal models, our understanding structure–function interrelations adult human brain remains incomplete. Recent methodological advances have facilitated functional analysis individual neurons within neocortex, providing a new fundamental processes. However, factors contributing to patient-specific properties not been thoroughly explored. In this observational study, we investigated structural variability superficial pyramidal neocortex. Using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings post hoc analyses dendritic spine morphology acute slice preparations from surgical resections seven patients, assessed age-related effects on excitatory neurotransmission, membrane morphologies. These results specify age as an endogenous factor that might affect neurons.

Language: Английский

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Microstructural asymmetry in the human cortex

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Nov. 22, 2024

Abstract The human cerebral cortex shows hemispheric asymmetry, yet the microstructural basis of this asymmetry remains incompletely understood. Here, we probe layer-specific using one post-mortem male brain. Overall, anterior and posterior regions show leftward rightward respectively, but pattern varies across cortical layers. A similar anterior-posterior is observed in vivo Human Connectome Project ( N = 1101) T1w/T2w data, with average showing strongest similarity -based layer III. Moreover, found to be heritable, as a function age sex, corresponds intrinsic functional asymmetry. We also observe differential association language markers mental health patterns at individual level, illustrating divergence between inferior-superior axes, possibly anchored development. Last, could concordant evidence alternative measures: magnetization transfer 286) quantitative T1 50). Together, our study highlights its behavioral relevance.

Language: Английский

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Cytoarchitectonic gradients of laminar degeneration in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 9, 2024

ABSTRACT Behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is a clinical syndrome primarily caused by either tau (bvFTD-tau) or TDP-43 (bvFTD-TDP) proteinopathies. We previously found lower cortical layers and dorsolateral regions accumulate greater than pathology; however, patterns of laminar neurodegeneration across diverse cytoarchitecture in bvFTD understudied. hypothesized that bvFTD-tau bvFTD-TDP have distinct distributions pyramidal along gradients, topologic order cytoarchitectonic subregions based on increasing density differentiation. Here, we tested this hypothesis frontal gradient consisting five types (i.e., periallocortex, agranular mesocortex, dysgranular eulaminate-I isocortex, eulaminate-II isocortex) spanning anterior cingulate, paracingulate, orbitofrontal, mid-frontal gyri (n=27), (n=47), healthy controls (HC; n=32). immunostained all tissue for total neurons (NeuN; neuronal-nuclear protein) (SMI32; non-phosphorylated neurofilament) digitally quantified NeuN-immunoreactivity (ir) SMI32-ir supragranular II-III, infragranular V-VI, I-VI each type. used linear mixed-effects models adjusted demographic biologic variables to compare between groups examine relationships with the gradient, long-range pathways, symptoms. regional expected HC, validating our measures within framework. While loss was not related bvFTD-TDP, progressively decreased included isocortex vs ( p =0.039). In structural model connectivity mesocortex larger ratio mesocortex-to-isocortex =0.019), suggesting select long-projecting pathways may contribute isocortical-predominant degeneration bvFTD-tau. highest NeuN-ir, =0.047), occur earlier Lastly, reduced behavioral severity frontal-mediated letter fluency, temporal-mediated confrontation naming, demonstrating relevance specificity bvFTD-related Our data suggest neurofilament-rich clinically relevant feature selectively worsens bvFTD-tau, bvFTD-TDP. Therefore, tau-mediated preferentially involve pyramidal-rich connect more distant types. Moreover, hierarchical arrangement gradients be an important neuroanatomical framework identifying which cells are differentially involved

Language: Английский

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