NeuroImage,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
303, P. 120914 - 120914
Published: Nov. 2, 2024
The
brain's
diverse
intrinsic
timescales
enable
us
to
perceive
stimuli
with
varying
temporal
persistency.
This
study
aimed
uncover
the
cortical
organizational
schemes
underlying
these
variations,
revealing
neural
architecture
for
processing
a
wide
range
of
sensory
experiences.
We
collected
resting-state
fMRI,
task-fMRI,
and
diffusion-weighted
imaging
data
from
47
individuals.
Based
on
this
data,
we
extracted
six
schemes:
(1)
structural
Rich
Club
(RC)
architecture,
shown
synchronize
connectome;
(2)
Diverse
as
an
alternative
RC
based
network's
module
structure;
(3)
functional
uni-to-multimodal
gradient,
reflected
in
features;
(4)
spatial
posterior/lateral-to-anterior/medial
established
hierarchical
levels
cognitive
control.
Also,
explored
effects
(5)
graph
theoretical
measures
centrality
(6)
cytoarchitectural
differences.
Using
Bayesian
model
comparison,
contrasted
impact
inter-subject
correlation
(ISC)
task
involving
hierarchically
nested
digit
sequences.
As
expected,
were
slower
network
hubs,
higher
areas
defined
by
gradients,
thicker
regions.
ISC
analysis
demonstrated
hints
engagement
more
temporally
persistent
stimuli.
Finally,
comparison
identified
gradient
best
scheme
explaining
chronotopy
both
rest.
Future
research
should
explore
microarchitectural
features
that
shape
elucidating
how
our
brain
adapts
evolves
across
different
modes
processing.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: July 29, 2024
Abstract
Adolescence
is
a
period
of
dynamic
brain
remodeling
and
susceptibility
to
psychiatric
risk
factors,
mediated
by
the
protracted
consolidation
association
cortices.
Here,
we
investigated
whether
longitudinal
variation
in
adolescents’
resilience
psychosocial
stressors
during
this
vulnerable
associated
with
ongoing
myeloarchitectural
maturation
functional
networks.
We
used
repeated
myelin-sensitive
Magnetic
Transfer
(MT)
resting-state
neuroimaging
(
n
=
141),
captured
adversity
exposure
adverse
life
events,
dysfunctional
family
settings,
socio-economic
status
at
two
timepoints,
one
years
apart.
Development
toward
more
resilient
functioning
was
increasing
myelination
anterolateral
prefrontal
cortex,
which
showed
stabilized
connectivity.
Studying
depth-specific
intracortical
MT
profiles
cortex-wide
synchronization
maturation,
further
observed
wide-spread
reconfiguration
cortices
paralleled
attenuated
reorganization
increasingly
outcomes.
Together,
resilient/susceptible
considerable
intra-individual
change
multi-modal
cortical
refinement
processes
local
system-level.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
26(5), P. 1826 - 1826
Published: Feb. 20, 2025
Suicide
is
a
major
public
health
priority,
and
its
molecular
mechanisms
appear
to
be
related
imbalanced
purine
metabolism
in
the
brain.
This
exploratory
study
investigates
purinergic
gene
expression
postmortem
dorsolateral
prefrontal
cortex
(DLPFC)
tissue
isolated
from
subjects
with
depressive
disorder
(MDD)
who
died
by
suicide
(MDD-S,
n
=
10),
MDD
did
not
die
(MDD-NS,
6)
non-psychiatrically
ill
controls
(CTL,
9–10).
Purinergic
system
transcripts
were
assayed
quantitative
polymerase
chain
reactions
(qPCR)
superficial
deep
gray
matter
as
well
white
DLPFC
cortical
layers
using
laser
microdissection
(LMD).
Across
all
subjects,
regardless
of
sex,
P2RY12
(F(2,23)
5.40,
p
0.004)
P2RY13
(KW
statistic
11.82,
0.001)
transcript
levels
significantly
greater
MDD-S
compared
MDD-NS
subjects.
Several
other
perturbations
observed
females:
NT5E
(F(2,10)
13.37,
(F(2,9)
3.99,
0.011,
controlled
for
age)
was
vs.
female
groups.
ENTPD2
5.20,
0.03),
ENTPD3
28.99,
<
0.0001),
among
whose
elevated
CTL
Transcripts
that
exhibited
altered
included
ENTPD2,
NT5E,
PANX1,
(p
≤
0.05).
Our
medication
analysis
revealed
these
antidepressants.
first
holistically
quantify
metabolic
pathway
utilizing
human
brain
tissue.
preliminary
findings
support
evidence
implicating
changes
P2
receptors
provide
broader
dysregulation
mood
disorders.
Artificial
neural
networks
(ANNs)
are
an
important
tool
for
studying
computation,
but
many
features
of
the
brain
not
captured
by
standard
ANN
architectures.
One
notable
missing
feature
in
most
models
is
top-down
feedback,
i.e.
projections
from
higher-order
layers
to
lower-order
network.
Top-down
feedback
ubiquitous
brain,
and
it
has
a
unique
modulatory
impact
on
activity
neocortical
pyramidal
neurons.
However,
we
still
do
understand
its
computational
role.
Here
develop
deep
network
model
that
captures
core
functional
properties
neocortex,
allowing
us
construct
hierarchical
recurrent
more
closely
reflect
architecture
brain.
We
use
this
explore
different
architectures
audiovisual
integration
task.
find
certain
hierarchies,
namely
those
mimic
human
impart
with
light
visual
bias
similar
seen
humans.
This
does
impair
performance
tasks.
The
results
further
suggest
configurations
make
otherwise
identically
connected
functionally
distinct
each
other,
traditional
feedforward-only
models.
Altogether
our
findings
demonstrate
computationally
relevant
biological
brains,
incorporating
into
ANNs
affects
their
behavior
helps
determine
solutions
can
discover.
Artificial
neural
networks
(ANNs)
are
an
important
tool
for
studying
computation,
but
many
features
of
the
brain
not
captured
by
standard
ANN
architectures.
One
notable
missing
feature
in
most
models
is
top-down
feedback,
i.e.
projections
from
higher-order
layers
to
lower-order
network.
Top-down
feedback
ubiquitous
brain,
and
it
has
a
unique
modulatory
impact
on
activity
neocortical
pyramidal
neurons.
However,
we
still
do
understand
its
computational
role.
Here
develop
deep
network
model
that
captures
core
functional
properties
neocortex,
allowing
us
construct
hierarchical
recurrent
more
closely
reflect
architecture
brain.
We
use
this
explore
different
architectures
audiovisual
integration
task.
find
certain
hierarchies,
namely
those
mimic
human
impart
with
light
visual
bias
similar
seen
humans.
This
does
impair
performance
tasks.
The
results
further
suggest
configurations
make
otherwise
identically
connected
functionally
distinct
each
other,
traditional
feedforward-only
models.
Altogether
our
findings
demonstrate
computationally
relevant
biological
brains,
incorporating
into
ANNs
affects
their
behavior
helps
determine
solutions
can
discover.
Communications Biology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
8(1)
Published: May 21, 2025
Schizophrenia
is
a
neurodevelopmental
condition
with
alterations
in
both
sensory
and
association
cortical
areas.
These
have
been
reported
to
follow
structural
connectivity
patterning,
occur
system-level
fashion.
Here
we
investigated
whether
pathological
of
schizophrenia
originate
from
an
early
disruption
organization.
We
found
covariance
gradient
axis
thickness
discriminated
anterior
posterior
region
was
compressed
early-onset
(EOS)
patients.
Patients
showed
increased
between
two
ends
the
anterior-posterior
axis,
geodesic
distance
covarying
regions
ends.
Positive
symptoms
strengthening
Our
findings
revealed
contracted
organizational
EOS
patients,
which
attributed
excessive
distally
coordinated
changes
regions.
study
systematic
perspective
suggests
disturbed
maturational
processes
EOS,
supporting
hypothesis
schizophrenia.
Adolescence
is
a
period
of
dynamic
brain
remodeling
and
susceptibility
to
psychiatric
risk
factors,
mediated
by
the
protracted
consolidation
association
cortices.
Here,
we
investigated
whether
intra-individual
trajectories
psychosocial
functioning
relative
environmental
stressor
exposure
-
including
adverse
life
events,
dysfunctional
family
settings,
socio-economic
status
are
tied
myeloarchitectural
maturation
down-stream
effects
on
intrinsic
function.
To
this
end,
employed
longitudinal
myelin-sensitive
Magnetic
Transfer
(MT)
resting-state
imaging
in
NSPN
cohort
(aged
14-26y).
Developing
towards
more
resilient
was
linked
increasing
myelination
anterolateral
prefrontal
cortex,
which
exhibited
stabilized
functional
connectivity.
Studying
depth-specific
intracortical
MT
profiles
cortex-wide
synchronization
maturation,
further
observed
wide-spread
re-configuration
cortices
paralleled
attenuated
reorganization
with
increasingly
outcomes.
Together,
resilient/susceptible
showed
considerable
change
reflected
multi-modal
cortical
refinement
processes
at
local
system-level.
Brain Communications,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
6(5)
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Abstract
The
interplay
between
neuronal
structure
and
function
underpins
the
dynamic
nature
of
neocortical
networks.
Despite
extensive
studies
in
animal
models,
our
understanding
structure–function
interrelations
adult
human
brain
remains
incomplete.
Recent
methodological
advances
have
facilitated
functional
analysis
individual
neurons
within
neocortex,
providing
a
new
fundamental
processes.
However,
factors
contributing
to
patient-specific
properties
not
been
thoroughly
explored.
In
this
observational
study,
we
investigated
structural
variability
superficial
pyramidal
neocortex.
Using
whole-cell
patch-clamp
recordings
post
hoc
analyses
dendritic
spine
morphology
acute
slice
preparations
from
surgical
resections
seven
patients,
assessed
age-related
effects
on
excitatory
neurotransmission,
membrane
morphologies.
These
results
specify
age
as
an
endogenous
factor
that
might
affect
neurons.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: Nov. 22, 2024
Abstract
The
human
cerebral
cortex
shows
hemispheric
asymmetry,
yet
the
microstructural
basis
of
this
asymmetry
remains
incompletely
understood.
Here,
we
probe
layer-specific
using
one
post-mortem
male
brain.
Overall,
anterior
and
posterior
regions
show
leftward
rightward
respectively,
but
pattern
varies
across
cortical
layers.
A
similar
anterior-posterior
is
observed
in
vivo
Human
Connectome
Project
(
N
=
1101)
T1w/T2w
data,
with
average
showing
strongest
similarity
-based
layer
III.
Moreover,
found
to
be
heritable,
as
a
function
age
sex,
corresponds
intrinsic
functional
asymmetry.
We
also
observe
differential
association
language
markers
mental
health
patterns
at
individual
level,
illustrating
divergence
between
inferior-superior
axes,
possibly
anchored
development.
Last,
could
concordant
evidence
alternative
measures:
magnetization
transfer
286)
quantitative
T1
50).
Together,
our
study
highlights
its
behavioral
relevance.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 9, 2024
ABSTRACT
Behavioral
variant
frontotemporal
dementia
(bvFTD)
is
a
clinical
syndrome
primarily
caused
by
either
tau
(bvFTD-tau)
or
TDP-43
(bvFTD-TDP)
proteinopathies.
We
previously
found
lower
cortical
layers
and
dorsolateral
regions
accumulate
greater
than
pathology;
however,
patterns
of
laminar
neurodegeneration
across
diverse
cytoarchitecture
in
bvFTD
understudied.
hypothesized
that
bvFTD-tau
bvFTD-TDP
have
distinct
distributions
pyramidal
along
gradients,
topologic
order
cytoarchitectonic
subregions
based
on
increasing
density
differentiation.
Here,
we
tested
this
hypothesis
frontal
gradient
consisting
five
types
(i.e.,
periallocortex,
agranular
mesocortex,
dysgranular
eulaminate-I
isocortex,
eulaminate-II
isocortex)
spanning
anterior
cingulate,
paracingulate,
orbitofrontal,
mid-frontal
gyri
(n=27),
(n=47),
healthy
controls
(HC;
n=32).
immunostained
all
tissue
for
total
neurons
(NeuN;
neuronal-nuclear
protein)
(SMI32;
non-phosphorylated
neurofilament)
digitally
quantified
NeuN-immunoreactivity
(ir)
SMI32-ir
supragranular
II-III,
infragranular
V-VI,
I-VI
each
type.
used
linear
mixed-effects
models
adjusted
demographic
biologic
variables
to
compare
between
groups
examine
relationships
with
the
gradient,
long-range
pathways,
symptoms.
regional
expected
HC,
validating
our
measures
within
framework.
While
loss
was
not
related
bvFTD-TDP,
progressively
decreased
included
isocortex
vs
(
p
=0.039).
In
structural
model
connectivity
mesocortex
larger
ratio
mesocortex-to-isocortex
=0.019),
suggesting
select
long-projecting
pathways
may
contribute
isocortical-predominant
degeneration
bvFTD-tau.
highest
NeuN-ir,
=0.047),
occur
earlier
Lastly,
reduced
behavioral
severity
frontal-mediated
letter
fluency,
temporal-mediated
confrontation
naming,
demonstrating
relevance
specificity
bvFTD-related
Our
data
suggest
neurofilament-rich
clinically
relevant
feature
selectively
worsens
bvFTD-tau,
bvFTD-TDP.
Therefore,
tau-mediated
preferentially
involve
pyramidal-rich
connect
more
distant
types.
Moreover,
hierarchical
arrangement
gradients
be
an
important
neuroanatomical
framework
identifying
which
cells
are
differentially
involved