Realism and robustness require increased sample size when studying both sexes DOI Open Access
Szymon M. Drobniak, Malgorzata Lagisz, Yefeng Yang

et al.

Published: Nov. 30, 2023

Female subjects have been historically excluded from biomedicine and other related areas of study [1]. Such exclusion has disadvantaged females prevented a fuller understanding biology. Therefore, in 2016, the National Institute Health (NIH) mandated that all NIH-funded animal human studies consider sex as biological variable (e.g., [2]). Yet, not welcomed with open arms, most likely because many researchers believe they need to increase overall sample size two sexes compared using only one Recently, Philips colleagues published PLoS Biology article titled “Statistical simulations show scientists by default when including both vivo studies” [3]. As indicated their title, authors concluded recommended no sexes, which was based on set exploring simple but – claim scenario. Their conclusion is great news for who feared coping increased experiment sizes costs.

Language: Английский

Supporting study registration to reduce research waste DOI Creative Commons
Marija Purgar, Paul Glasziou, Tin Klanjšček

et al.

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(8), P. 1391 - 1399

Published: June 5, 2024

An estimated 82-89% of ecological research and 85% medical has limited or no value to the end user because various inefficiencies. We argue that registration registered reports can enhance quality impact research. Drawing on evidence from other fields, chiefly medicine, we support our claim reduce waste. However, increasing rates, will be very slow without coordinated effort funders, publishers institutions. therefore call them facilitate adoption by providing adequate support. outline several aspects considered when designing a system would best serve field ecology. To further inform development such system, for more identify causes low rates in suggest short- long-term actions bolster

Language: Английский

Citations

4
A Guided Tour of Phylogenetic Comparative Methods for Studying Trait Evolution DOI
Charlie K. Cornwallis,

Ashleigh S. Griffin

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 55(1), P. 181 - 204

Published: Aug. 7, 2024

Phylogenetic comparative methods are important tools in biology, providing insights into the way traits evolve. There many technical resources describing how these work. Our aim here is to complement with an overview of types biological questions that can be addressed by different and outline potential pitfalls considerations when embarking on studies. First, we introduce what why they important. Second, used understand when, where, frequently Third, examine coevolution within between species studied, along patterns causality. Finally, discuss approach analyses ways which data, such as published relationships, omic, remote sensing integrated.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Realism and robustness require increased sample size when studying both sexes DOI Creative Commons
Szymon M. Drobniak, Malgorzata Lagisz, Yefeng Yang

et al.

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(4), P. e3002456 - e3002456

Published: April 11, 2024

A recent article claimed that researchers need not increase the overall sample size for a study includes both sexes. This Formal Comment points out assumed two sexes to have same variance, and explains why this is unrealistic assumption.

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Poor hypotheses and research waste in biology: learning from a theory crisis in psychology DOI Creative Commons
Shinichi Nakagawa, David Armitage, Tom Froese

et al.

BMC Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Feb. 4, 2025

Abstract While psychologists have extensively discussed the notion of a “theory crisis” arising from vague and incorrect hypotheses, there has been no debate about such crisis in biology. However, biologists long communication failures between theoreticians empiricists. We argue failure is one aspect theory because misapplied misunderstood theories lead to poor hypotheses research waste. review its solutions compare them with methodology-focused proposed for replication crises. conclude by discussing how promoting inclusion, diversity, equity, accessibility (IDEA) theoretical biology could contribute ameliorating breakdowns theory-empirical cycle.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
The Effects of Plyometric Training on Lower Limb Joint Mobility, Explosive Strength, Advanced Layup Success Rate, and Sports Injury Rate Among College Male Basketball Players DOI Creative Commons
Wei-Yang Huang, Cheng‐En Wu

Applied Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(10), P. 5356 - 5356

Published: May 11, 2025

The purpose of this study was to investigate the benefits a 12-week plyometric training program intervention on lower limb joint mobility, explosive strength, advanced layup success rates, and injury rates. recruited 15 collegiate male basketball players as participants. They underwent five times per week, each lasting two hours, additionally received twice week. utilized image processing software (ImageJ, version 1.54f, National Institutes Health, Bethesda, MD, USA) measure mobility during take-off phase employed force plate assess strength limbs jump. Furthermore, examined rate layups—including crossover layups, spin straight-line layups—as well sports rate. results demonstrated that significantly enhanced hip, knee, ankle with strong positive correlation between these variables. improved strength. layups increased from 50% 72%, while decreased 18% 8%. In conclusion, participants’ which in turn performance reduced Although provided preliminary evidence supporting effectiveness training, further research is needed examine its long-term effects other influencing factors.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Are the Links Between Dark Traits of Personality and Violent Attitudes Mediated by a Propensity to Morally Disengage? An Exploratory Study DOI
Pedro Pechorro, Kevin L. Nunes, Victor H. Palma

et al.

Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 16

Published: May 21, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Poor hypotheses and research waste in biology: learning from a theory crisis in psychology DOI Creative Commons
Shinichi Nakagawa,

D. H. Armitage,

Tom Froese

et al.

Published: May 27, 2024

While psychologists have extensively discussed a ‘theory crisis’, there has been no debate about such crisis in biology. However, biologists, especially those working the fields of ecology and evolution, long communication failures between theoreticians empiricists. We argue failure is one aspect theory because misapplied misunderstood theories lead to poor hypotheses research waste. review solutions for crisis, comparing them with methodology-focused proposed replication crisis. One neglected solution deserving further attention concerns systematic mapping theoretical models. conclude by discussing how promoting inclusion, diversity, equity, accessibility (IDEA) biology could contribute ameliorating breakdowns theory-empirical cycle

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Exploring Study Design Foibles in Randomized Controlled Trials on Convalescent Plasma in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients DOI Creative Commons
Massimo Franchini, Carlo Mengoli, Arturo Casadevall

et al.

Life, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(7), P. 792 - 792

Published: June 22, 2024

Background: Sample size estimation is an essential step in the design of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating a treatment effect. critical variable determining statistical significance and, thus, it significantly influences RCTs’ success or failure. During COVID-19 pandemic, many RCTs tested efficacy convalescent plasma (CCP) hospitalized patients but reported different efficacies, which could be attributed to, addition to timing and dose, inadequate sample estimates. Methods: To assess effect with CCP patients, we searched medical literature between January 2020 March 2024 through PubMed other electronic databases, extracting information on expected effect, power, level, measured efficacy. Results: A total 32 were identified. While power level highly consistent, heterogeneity was relevant. Approximately one third did not reach planned for various reasons, most important being slow patient recruitment during pandemic’s peaks. primary outcome favor had significant lower median absolute difference than unfavorable (20.0% versus 33.9%, P = 0.04). Conclusions: The analyses sizes reveal that underestimated number participants needed because excessively high expectations efficacy, these studies low power. This, combination lower-than-planned cases controls, have further negatively influenced outcomes RCTs.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Microplastic biomonitoring studies in aquatic species: A review & quality assessment framework DOI Creative Commons
Benjamin de Jourdan, Danielle A. Philibert, Davide Asnicar

et al.

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 957, P. 177541 - 177541

Published: Nov. 27, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

1
The Effects of Plyometric Training on the Performance of Three Types of Jumps and Jump Shots in College-Level Male Basketball Athletes DOI Creative Commons
Wei-Yang Huang, Cheng‐En Wu,

Hsuan Huang

et al.

Applied Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(24), P. 12015 - 12015

Published: Dec. 22, 2024

Recent studies have shown that lower-limb plyometric training can effectively enhance muscle strength and explosiveness, which are particularly important for improving jumping ability. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects on vertical, lateral, horizontal abilities, their subsequent impact basketball shooting performance sports injury prevention. A quasi-experimental design used, recruiting 30 male college-level players from Taiwan, who were randomly assigned an experimental group (n = 15) a control 15). Both groups participated in 2 h daily, while additionally engaged twice week. results revealed significant improvements several key areas, including rate force development (RFD), ground reaction (GRF), jump height, distance, both vertical forces, across jumps. Specifically, jumps required highest force, followed by lateral jumps, with (step-back) requiring least. optimal angles resultant during take-off found be between 66.1° 66.8° 56.2° 57.2° step-back did not show variation angle. In terms performance, demonstrated significantly better post-test all three types shots, accuracy observed shot, lowest shot. Furthermore, experienced substantial reduction rates, decreasing 6%. These findings indicate only enhances but also contributes prevention strengthening muscles. This provides theoretical basis coaches develop comprehensive programs improve athletic reduce risk.

Language: Английский

Citations

1