Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: June 1, 2025
Abstract In the evolution of vision, changes in number visual opsin genes, gene conversion, amino acid sequence mutations, and expression levels are common molecular mechanisms how teleost fishes adapt to different aquatic (light) environments. Visual challenging environments like deep sea often pushes this extreme. Many adaptations systems deep‐sea have evolved multiple times convergently or parallel species, for example, morphologically tubular eyes rod‐only retinas, molecularly rhodopsin duplications. Others unique extreme environment, such as 38 rhodopsins spinyfins far‐red vision dragon using a pigment plus photosensitizer (bacteriochlorophyll) complex. This illustrates strength selective pressures, including low‐light conditions, cold temperatures, pressure, which act shape at depth. Rod cone cell identity (and dichotomy) is unclear some fishes, evidenced by mismatch with photoreceptor morphology among expressed genes (e.g. vs. phototransduction cascade genes). Rod‐like cones found pearlsides) thought result from transmutation, process gross resembles rods, but machinery typical cones. other fish species Aulopiformes), there between opsins genes. The mechanism unknown may be caused transmuted rod‐like cones, have, addition, co‐opted rod (to replace its opsin). Comparative‐omic imaging approaches power detect evolutionarily explain intermediate types. Leveraging recent advances ‐omics fields, spatial single‐cell multi‐omics will significantly increase depth breadth studied. dramatically enhances comparative exploration, enabling us address century‐old newly emerging questions exciting field.
Language: Английский