Hybridization and the origin of new yeast lineages

FEMS Yeast Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 20(5)

Published: July 10, 2020

ABSTRACT Hybrids originate from the mating of two diverged organisms, resulting in novel lineages that have chimeric genomes. may exhibit unique phenotypic traits are not necessarily intermediate between those present progenitors. These enable them to thrive new environments. Many hybrid been discovered among yeasts Saccharomycotina, which many industrial or clinical relevance, but this might reflect a bias toward investigating species with relevance humans. Hybridization has also proposed be at root whole-genome duplication lineage leading Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Thus, hybridization seems played prominent role evolution Saccharomycotina yeasts, although it is still unclear how common evolutionary process during and other fungal clades. Similarly, aftermath hybridization, including implications genomic, transcriptional, physiological ecological levels, remains poorly understood. In review, I survey recent findings genomic analysis yeast hybrids discuss for origin lineages, when such results duplication.

Language: Английский

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Genomic mosaicism due to homoeologous exchange generates extensive phenotypic diversity in nascent allopolyploids

National Science Review, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8(5)

Published: Nov. 5, 2020

Allopolyploidy is an important process in plant speciation, yet newly formed allopolyploid species typically suffer from extreme genetic bottlenecks. One escape this impasse might be homoeologous meiotic pairing, during which exchanges (HEs) generate phenotypically variable progeny. However, the immediate genome-wide patterns and resulting phenotypic diversity generated by HEs remain largely unknown. Here, we analyzed genome composition of 202 phenotyped euploid segmental individuals fourth selfed generation following chromosomal doubling reciprocal F1 hybrids crosses between rice subspecies, using whole-genome sequencing. We describe rampant occurrence that, overcoming incompatibility or conferring superiority hetero-cytonuclear interactions, extensive individualized genomic mosaicism across tetraploids. show that homoeolog copy number alteration tetraploids affects known-function genes their complex creating extraordinary at population level a single initial hybridization. Our results illuminate landscapes possible tetraploid environment, underscore HE as mechanism fuels rapid diversification accompanying stages evolution.

Language: Английский

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Extensive introgression and mosaic genomes of Mediterranean endemic lizards

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: May 12, 2021

The Mediterranean basin is a hotspot of biodiversity, fuelled by climatic oscillation and geological change over the past 20 million years. Wall lizards genus Podarcis are among most abundant, diverse, conspicuous fauna. Here, we unravel remarkably entangled evolutionary history wall sequencing genomes 34 major lineages covering 26 species. We demonstrate an early (>11 MYA) separation into two clades centred on Iberian Balkan Peninsulas, island endemics. Diversification within these was pronounced between 6.5-4.0 MYA, period spanning Messinian Salinity Crisis, during which Sea nearly dried up before rapidly refilling. However, genetic exchange has been pervasive feature throughout entire lizards. This resulted in highly reticulated pattern evolution across group, characterised mosaic with contributions from or more parental taxa. These hybrid gave rise to several extant species that endemic islands. endemics may have promoted their extraordinary adaptability striking diversity body size, shape colouration, puzzled biologists for centuries.

Language: Английский

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Predictive models for the selection of thermally tolerant corals based on offspring survival

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: March 29, 2022

Abstract Finding coral reefs resilient to climate warming is challenging given the large spatial scale of reef ecosystems. Methods are needed predict location corals with heritable tolerance high temperatures. Here, we combine Great Barrier Reef-scale remote sensing breeding experiments that estimate larval and juvenile survival under exposure Using reproductive collected from northern central Reef, develop forecasting models locate harbouring capable producing offspring increased heat an additional 3.4° heating weeks (~3 °C). Our findings hundreds (~7.5%) may be home have heat-tolerance in habitats daily annual temperature ranges historically variable stress. The locations identified represent targets for protection consideration as a source use restoration degraded their potential resist change impacts repopulate tolerant offspring.

Language: Английский

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Topography consistently drives intra‐ and inter‐specific leaf trait variation within tree species complexes in a Neotropical forest

Oikos, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 129(10), P. 1521 - 1530

Published: June 11, 2020

Tropical forests shelter the highest species diversity worldwide, although genus is lower than expected. In species‐rich genera, complexes are composed of closely‐related that share large amounts genetic variation. Despite key role in diversification, evolution and functioning ecological communities, little known on why arise how they maintained Neotropical forests. Examining individual phenotypes vary along environmental gradients, within among complexes, can reveal processes allowing coexistence complexes. We examined leaf functional trait variation with topography a hyperdiverse tropical forest Guiana Shield. collected traits from 766 trees belonging to five two permanent plots encompassing topographic positions. tested hierarchical Bayesian model, controlling for tree diameter effect. show that, mirroring what has been previously observed covary acquisitive conservative strategy species. Moreover, decreasing wetness bottomlands plateaus was associated shift an both across Our results suggest intraspecific variability widens species’ niches converges at margins where overlap, potentially implying local neutral processes. Intraspecific favors adaptation divergence It through interspecific sharing hybridization.

Language: Английский

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Evolution of loss of heterozygosity patterns in hybrid genomes of Candida yeast pathogens

BMC Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: May 11, 2023

Abstract Background Hybrids are chimeric organisms with highly plastic heterozygous genomes that may confer unique traits enabling the adaptation to new environments. However, most evolutionary theory frameworks predict high levels of genetic heterozygosity present in hybrids from divergent parents likely result numerous deleterious epistatic interactions. Under this scenario, selection is expected favor recombination events resulting loss (LOH) affecting genes involved such negative Nevertheless, it so far unknown whether phenomenon actually drives genomic evolution natural populations hybrids. To determine balance between and drift LOH patterns yeast hybrids, we analyzed sequences fifty-five hybrid strains pathogenic yeasts Candida orthopsilosis metapsilosis , which derived at least six distinct hybridization events. Results We found that, although independent clades share some level convergence would not be random occurrence, there an apparent lack strong functional selection. Moreover, while mitosis associated a limited number inter-homeologous chromosome recombinations these genomes, induced DNA breaks seem increase rate. also does accumulate linearly time Furthermore, C. compatible footprints meiotic recombination. These meiotic-like odds evidence sexual our inability experimentally induce sporulation Conclusions Our results suggest prevailing force shaping genomes. observed continuous accumulation sporadic events—as by mitotic repair rare chromosomal breaks—but rather acute episodes involving many short period time.

Language: Английский

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Genomic evidence for homoploid hybrid speciation in a marine mammal apex predator

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(18)

Published: May 3, 2023

Hybridization is widespread and constitutes an important source of genetic variability evolution. In animals, its role in generating novel independent lineages (hybrid speciation) has been strongly debated, with only a few cases supported by genomic data. The South American fur seal (SAfs) Arctocephalus australis marine apex predator Pacific Atlantic waters, disjunct set populations Peru Northern Chile [Peruvian (Pfs)] controversial taxonomic status. We demonstrate, using complete genome reduced representation sequencing, that the Pfs genetically distinct species admixed originated from hybridization between SAfs Galapagos (Arctocephalus galapagoensis) ~400,000 years ago. Our results support origin homoploid hybrid speciation over alternative introgression scenarios. This study highlights promoting species-level biodiversity large vertebrates.

Language: Английский

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Phylogenomics reveal extensive phylogenetic discordance due to incomplete lineage sorting following the rapid radiation of alpine butterflies (Papilionidae: Parnassius)

Systematic Entomology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 48(4), P. 585 - 599

Published: April 3, 2023

Abstract Under rapid radiation, the earliest components of evolutionary divergence are often difficult to resolve, which were always driven by characteristics taxa and limitations alternative analytical methods. The origin radiation alpine butterfly Parnassius , a high‐altitude mountainous insect group, can be attributed uplift Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. Despite detailed phylogenetic analyses genus, deep relationships among major subgenera remain recalcitrant. In this study, 102 individuals from 10 representative species sampled resolve based on nuclear mitochondrial genome datasets. Gene‐tree/species‐tree conflicts detected concatenation multispecies coalescent (MSC) approaches. We recovered well‐supported tree, despite these conflicts, considerable discordance genomic regions. main explanation for topological was extensive incomplete lineage sorting (ILS), whereas introgression events not prominent. explosive (i.e., succession speciation events) in late Miocene associated with environmental plateau led short internal branches, thereby increasing ILS especially closely related subgenera. Our results also suggested that MSC approaches (SNP AFLP Package Phylogenetic analysis [SNAPP] SVDquartets) accurate superior approach; particular, SVDquartets explicitly accommodate gene‐tree/species‐tree caused high demonstrate strong robustness. Finally, we explored phylogenomic data testing multiple sources conflict clarify strengths different approaches, while considering signal variation loci. anticipate phylogeny described here will backbone future studies genus provide insight into due radiation.

Language: Английский

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Hybridization and gene expression: Beyond differentially expressed genes

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 27, 2024

Gene expression has a key role in reproductive isolation, and studies of hybrid gene have identified mechanisms causing sterility. Here, we review the evidence for altered following hybridization outline shown to contribute hybrids. Transgressive expression, transcending that both parental species, is pervasive early generation sterile hybrids, but also frequently observed viable, fertile We highlight showing can result transgressive established lineages or species. Such extreme patterns stabilized taxa suggest may hybridization-derived evolutionary novelty. conclude while misexpression hybrids are well documented, understanding lagging. argue jointly assessing differences cell composition cell-specific changes addition chromatin methylation, will significantly advance our basis expression. Moreover, uncovering what extent evolution results individual genes, entire networks how selection moulds Finally, studying dual roles serving as mechanism isolation substrate ecological adaptation, lead significant advances

Language: Английский

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Emergence of fungal hybrids – potential threat to humans.

Microbial Pathogenesis, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 107278 - 107278

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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