Building adaptive capacity to climate change in tropical coastal communities

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 8(2), P. 117 - 123

Published: Jan. 22, 2018

Language: Английский

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Ocean Solutions to Address Climate Change and Its Effects on Marine Ecosystems

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 5

Published: Oct. 4, 2018

The Paris agreement target of limiting global surface warming to 1.5-2°C compared pre-industrial levels by 2100 will heavily impact the ocean. While ambitious mitigation and adaptation are both needed, ocean provides major opportunities for action reduce climate change globally its impacts on vital ecosystems ecosystem services. A comprehensive systematic assessment 13 global- local-scale, ocean-based measures was performed help steer development implementation technologies actions towards a sustainable outcome. We show that (1) all have tradeoffs multiple criteria must be used their potential, (2) greatest benefit is derived combining local solutions, some which could implemented or scaled-up immediately, (3) too uncertain recommended yet, (4) political consistency achieved through effective cross-scale governance mechanisms, (5) scientific effort focus effectiveness, co-benefits, disbenefits, costs poorly tested as well new emerging measures.

Language: Английский

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Biocultural approaches to well-being and sustainability indicators across scales

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 1(12), P. 1798 - 1806

Published: Oct. 20, 2017

Language: Английский

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Climate change, tropical fisheries and prospects for sustainable development

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 1(9), P. 440 - 454

Published: Aug. 4, 2020

Language: Английский

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Mapping of climate vulnerability of the coastal region of Bangladesh using principal component analysis

Applied Geography, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 102, P. 47 - 57

Published: Dec. 20, 2018

Language: Английский

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The future of resilience-based management in coral reef ecosystems

Journal of Environmental Management, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 233, P. 291 - 301

Published: Dec. 21, 2018

Resilience underpins the sustainability of both ecological and social systems. Extensive loss reef corals following recent mass bleaching events have challenged notion that support system resilience is a viable management strategy. While resilience-based (RBM) cannot prevent damaging effects major disturbances, such as events, it can natural processes promote resistance recovery. Here, we review potential RBM to help sustain coral reefs in 21st century. We explore scope for supporting through existing approaches emerging technologies discuss their opportunities limitations changing climate. argue be effective world, strategies need involve new interventions together reduce stress, fitness populations species, people economies adapt highly altered ecosystem.

Language: Английский

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Securing a Long-term Future for Coral Reefs

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 33(12), P. 936 - 944

Published: Oct. 29, 2018

Severe degradation of coral reefs in recent decades has been driven by a range threatening processes including climate change. Ocean warming is expected to have further severe impacts on unless global restrained well below 2°C (the goals the Paris Agreement). Not all are equally at risk from change, however, suggesting potential for identifying conservation action that less vulnerable change and which may be best positioned regenerating other degraded future. There uncertainty future conditions. Variance reduction methods finance (e.g., modern portfolio theory) can applied planning identify widespread failure across minimised. Long-term, risk-sensitive context projected complements existing strategies. Rapid ocean as result poses key reefs. Even if Climate Agreement achieved, likely decline 70–90% relative their current abundance midcentury. Although alarming, communities survive will play role regeneration mid-to-late century. Here, we argue coordinated, reef strategy centred 50 large (500 km2) regions least facilitate regeneration. The proposed actions should strengthen expand efforts face long-term consequences intensifying Coral provide habitat over million species essential ecosystem services food, coastal protection) hundreds millions people throughout tropics subtropics [1Cinner J.E. et al.Vulnerability fisheries.Glob. Environ. Change. 2012; 22: 12-20Crossref Scopus (304) Google Scholar, 2Pendleton L. al.Coral high-CO2 world: Where science make difference people?.PLoS One. 2016; 11: 1-21Crossref (52) Scholar]. Despite importance, rapid decline, with rate accelerating many past decade Great Barrier Reef, [3Hughes T.P. al.Global recurrent mass bleaching corals.Nature. 2017; 543: 373-377Crossref PubMed (1687) Scholar]). Human such fishing pressure, development, pollution combining rising temperatures push increasingly into states typified low abundance, reduced biodiversity, ecosystems While threats facing need addressing, those associated most serious, near total loss planet midcentury under greenhouse gas emission projections 4Hoegh-Guldberg O. al.The ocean.in: Press C.U. Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, Vulnerability. Part B: Regional Aspects. Contribution Working Group II Fifth Assessment Report Intergovernmental Panel Cambridge University Press, 1655-1731Google 5Hoegh-Guldberg world's reefs.Mar. Freshw. Res. 1999; 50: 839Crossref (2623) Within this context, reducing impact local build much needed resilience they escalating United Nations Framework Convention (UNFCCC) its 21st Conference Parties (COP21) agreed hold 'the increase average temperature above preindustrial levels pursuing limit 1.5°C levels' [6UNFCCC (COP) (2015) Conference-November 2015, COP 21, 21932Google To date, 180 197 parties ratified This agreement founded upon scientifically based target relatively stable conditions achieved [4Hoegh-Guldberg pledges reduce emissions nations fall short what required achieve [7Rogelj J. al.Paris proposals boost keep 2°C.Nature. 534: 631-639Crossref (1787) Scholar], there considerable hope international community continue work together ramp up ambitions member coming years. was an impressive political achievement, planetary surface another 0.5°C, putting strain already stressed natural human systems. Under optimistic projections, trend increasing heat stress render approximately distribution unsuitable corals [8Frieler K. al.Limiting unlikely save reefs.Nat. Clim. 2013; 3: 165-170Crossref (288) 9Donner S. assessment rates adaptation change.Glob. Biol. 2005; 2251-2265Crossref (461) 10Donner S.D. Coping commitment: thermal different scenarios.PLoS 2009; 4e5712Crossref (162) Failure Agreement, see foreseeable Pressures add pressures factors pollution, overfishing seriously threaten viability global, protecting both later century (Box 1 Figure 1). Recognizing restoration sense some scales intervention [11Darling E.S. Côté I.M. Seeking marine ecosystems.Science. 2018; 359: 986-987Crossref (50) 12Haisfield K.M. al.An ounce prevention: cost-effectiveness rehabilitation enforcement.Conserv. Lett. 2010; 243-250Crossref (22) 13Bayraktarov E. cost feasibility restoration.Ecol. Appl. 26: 1055-1074Crossref depends mainly success these approaches being used scale initiatives 2). ensure persist beyond midcentury, strengthened policies [14Hughes al.Rising challenge sustaining resilience.Trends Ecol. Evol. 25: 633-642Abstract Full Text PDF (741) innovative expanded financing [15Anthony al.New interventions 1: 1420-1422Crossref (138) 16UN Environment (2018) Analysis International Funding Sustainable Management Reefs Associated Coastal Ecosystems. Reef Initiative, UN World Conservation Monitoring Centre. wcmc.io/coralbrochureGoogle increased on-the-ground capacity [17Page G.G. A Synthesis Issues Affecting Recommendations Long-Term Capacity Building U.S. Jurisdictions. National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration's Program, 2015Google Scholar].Box 1Using MPT Inform ConservationMPT Scholar] mathematical approach building portfolios assets maximise return given level risk. idea built around concept asset assessed overall portfolio. Variance-reduction widely financial sector, part Harry Markowitz received 1990 Alfred Nobel Memorial Prize Economic Sciences.Conservation also fundamentally concerned investing limited resources outcomes (returns) while minimising projects. In case conservation, variation estimates impacts. provides framework explicitly accounts covariance among units (investment opportunities).Beyer al. [20Beyer H.L. al.Risk-sensitive change.Conserv. (Published online June 27, 2018)https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12587Crossref (105) problem selecting areas (Figure I) impacts, foster via larval dispersal. often complex biological systems difficult capture small number metrics. Beyer 174 metrics quantify risks cyclone damage, connectivity reefs, thereby ensuring solution robust wide measures impact. They found substantial opportunity portfolio, sacrificing only amounts performance outcomes. variance important opportunities improving it more arising change.Figure 1A Global Portfolio. Location or bioclimatic (BCUs) identified using theory balance returns poor symbol sizes exaggerated improve visibility. 'Coral Triangle' consists locations primarily falling waters Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, East Timor. Red Sea includes within Egypt, Sudan, Saudi Arabia, Eritrea, Yemen. Further details on-line BCUs provided [21Markowitz H.M. Portfolio selection.J. Finance. 1952; 7: 77-91Google Scholar].View Large Image ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT)Box 2Accelerating Action BCUsDeveloping plans selected begins participatory site deliver medium term. integrated institutions where appropriate, but minimum for: (i) threat assessment, (ii) Institutional (iii) monitoring evaluation (M&E), (iv) policy development implementation. Protocols assessments developed variety sources (METT, NOAA, SocMon) [33Bunce Pomeroy B. Socioeconomic Guidelines Managers Southeast Asia: SocMon SEA. Network, 2003Google 34Pomeroy R.S. al.How your MPA doing? methodology evaluating management effectiveness protected areas.Ocean Coast. Manage. 48: 485-502Crossref (204) 35Stolton al.Reporting Progress Protected Area Sites. Bank/WWF Alliance Forest Use, Scholar].Threat locally relevant drivers, including, not to: fisheries, land-based solutions might include: expanding areas, multi-use parks), regulating rebuilding sedimentation nutrient run-off, rehabilitating following extreme events storms waves.Institutional evaluate appropriate governance, resources, training education, technical implementation measures, available social scientific information. uncover pathways mitigation strategies, new mechanisms erosion control upland agriculture, programs park fisheries enforcement officers, engagement participation data collection.M&E critical adaptive tracking changes BCUs. Initial M&E baseline evaluations. regard, growing technologies, automated underwater vehicles, low-altitude drones, remote sensing (coupled AI) expend capabilities BCU [36Roelfsema C. mapping: combination object-based analysis ecological modelling.Remote Sens. 208: 27-41Crossref (80) combined threats, institutional capacity, conclude gap identifies investment secure each BCU.Policy implementation: facilitating aimed creating effective lasting regulatory sustainability Alongside leadership,and legislative analysis, countries involved benefits experience. Adaptive response strong drivers experienced Sciences. opportunities). Developing Threat waves. collection. BCU. Policy Given requires geographic prioritization [18Iwamura T. al.A climatic stability prioritizing investments.PLoS 5Crossref (48) 19Klein C.J. al.Prioritizing land sea investments protect reefs.PLoS 5e15103Crossref (71) describe (see I Box 1) focuses well-connected chance surviving along 'well 2°C' pathway, defined (COP21 2015). assumption roles persistence increases 0.5 °C, subsequent broader stabilize. Thus, array non-climate related do degrade eliminate time period importance. questions underpinning then become: how does one objectively yet better future? And, side, must carry out mitigate near-term 2 2), especially uncertainty? study (MPT, 1, Scholar]) solve high probability, set, having good repopulate time. optimal assets, maximized Up until recently, spatial problems, [22Ando A.W. Mallory M.L. Optimal design climate-related prairie pot-hole region.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. A. 109: 6484-6489Crossref (112) 23Runting R.K. al.Reducing reserve selection theory: sea-level rise.J. 55: 2193-2203Crossref (25) planning, arises projection By accounting sites, facilitates sites (BCUs, investment, lower catastrophic entire particular optimize respect exposure (i.e., mortality) storm degree size reduces inherent vulnerability providing flexibility could implemented differences range, scale, immediacy Risk-sensitive, spatially explicit decision support tools like assist decision-makers objective transparent (and hence policy) problems. Importantly, designed inform prescribe solutions. It generally possible incorporate dimensions single tool simplest For example, colleagues occur places governance socio-economic improved optimal. cases, highly valuable too prioritized global-scale clearly warrant action. Hence, translation theoretically practical implement adjustments evidence. Innovative science, awareness, commitment, resourcing necessary sufficient Ultimately, survival place world. diverse hedges against urgently interventions. Increased multi-stakeholder reassessment needs, issues, biodiversity values Of importance localized declining water quality, over-exploitation, loss, invasive species, intense storms. full set interactions between people, ecosystems, economic taken account Strategies take forms, depending

Language: Английский

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Ecosystem services approach for community-based ecotourism: towards an equitable and sustainable blue economy

Journal of Sustainable Tourism, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 28(10), P. 1665 - 1685

Published: April 1, 2020

This paper examines the role of community-based ecotourism within developing market dynamics blue economy. The economy has become synonymous with generating wealth from ocean-related activities while protecting and supporting marine ecosystems. For remote coastal communities Small Island Developing States, local economic development is a challenging balance between biodiversity maintaining sustainable direct access to ecosystem services. In this paper, we present results study in region South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia Coral Triangle. illustrates that supports use resources offers an entry point for low-resource take part Complementary livelihood pathways enhance primary income support services play key role. Study findings show three areas where multilateral most needed aspirations are: waste management, hospitality skills, access. From these findings, model demonstrates important interactions community, economy, ecosystems, plays creating effective mechanisms preserving natural cultural heritage.

Language: Английский

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Spatiotemporal ecological vulnerability analysis with statistical correlation based on satellite remote sensing in Samara, Russia

Journal of Environmental Management, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 285, P. 112138 - 112138

Published: Feb. 16, 2021

Language: Английский

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Environmental DNA reveals tropical shark diversity in contrasting levels of anthropogenic impact

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Nov. 28, 2017

Abstract Sharks are charismatic predators that play a key role in most marine food webs. Their demonstrated vulnerability to exploitation has recently turned them into flagship species ocean conservation. Yet, the assessment and monitoring of distribution abundance such mobile environments remain challenging, often invasive resource-intensive. Here we pilot novel, rapid non-invasive environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding approach specifically targeted infer shark presence, diversity eDNA read tropical habitats. We identified at least 21 species, from both Caribbean Pacific Coral Sea water samples, whose geographical patterns coincide with differences levels anthropogenic pressure conservation effort. demonstrate can be effectively employed study diversity. Further developments this field have potential drastically enhance our ability assess monitor elusive oceanic predators, lead improved strategies.

Language: Английский

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