Human-Elephant Conflict: A Review of Current Management Strategies and Future Directions

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: Jan. 11, 2019

Human-elephant conflict is a major conservation concern in elephant range countries. A variety of management strategies have been developed and are practiced at different scales for preventing mitigating human-elephant conflict. However, remains pervasive as the majority existing prevention driven by site-specific factors that only offer short-term solutions, while mitigation frequently transfer risk from one place to another. Here, we review current describe an interdisciplinary conceptual approach manage species coexistence over long-term. Our proposed model identifies shared resource use between humans elephants spatial temporal development long-term solutions. The also highlights importance including anthropological geographical knowledge find sustainable solutions managing

Language: Английский

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Human-wildlife conflicts and their correlates in Narok County, Kenya

Global Ecology and Conservation, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 18, P. e00620 - e00620

Published: April 1, 2019

Human-wildlife conflicts (HWC) are often caused by human population increase, high livestock and wildlife densities changing land use climate. These typically most intense in human-dominated systems where people, share the same landscapes during severe droughts. Consequently, HWC common developing countries still roam outside protected areas, such as parts of Africa. We analyze how vary across multiple species, seasons, years, regions to quantify their extent, causes consequences using data collected Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) Narok County 2001–2017. species contributed differentially that only six plus non-human primates 90% all conflict incidents (n = 13,848) 17-year period. Specifically, elephant (46.2%), buffalo (10.6%), Burchell's zebra (7.6%), leopard (7.3%), spotted hyena (5.8%) lion (3.3%), collectively 80.8%, whereas 11.7% conflicts. The three types were crop raiding (50.0%), attacks on humans (27.3%) depredation (17.6%). Crop was acute cereals (wheat maize) grown large scales. Carnivores more likely attack with body sizes comparable own. Thus, (44.0%, n 3,368) (37.9%, 2,903) killed sheep goats (63.1%, 531) hyenas (14.5%, 122) cattle. showed evident seasonal inter-annual fluctuations, reflecting underlying rainfall variation. Accordingly, highest 2008–2009 when lowest County. Similarly, peaked late wet season crops mature higher natural prey density is lowest. Land conversion agriculture increase numbers positively associated HWC. Effective strategies for reducing should be multi-faceted integrate variation intensity type between regions, seasons years. Such discourage habitat but encourage regulating density. Further, they promote zoning minimize contacts wildlife; effective herding methods predator-proof corrals fencing farms at greater risk destruction.

Language: Английский

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Brown bear attacks on humans: a worldwide perspective

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: June 12, 2019

Abstract The increasing trend of large carnivore attacks on humans not only raises human safety concerns but may also undermine conservation efforts. Although rare, by brown bears Ursus arctos are the rise and, although several studies have addressed this issue at local scales, information is lacking a worldwide scale. Here, we investigated bear (n = 664) between 2000 and 2015 across most range inhabited species: North America 183), Europe 291), East 190). When occurred, half people were engaged in leisure activities main scenario was an encounter with female cubs. Attacks increased significantly over time more frequent high low population densities. There no significant difference number continents or countries different hunting practices. Understanding global patterns can help reduce dangerous encounters consequently, crucial for informing wildlife managers public about appropriate measures to kind conflicts country.

Language: Английский

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Content Analysis of Media Reports on Predator Attacks on Humans: Toward an Understanding of Human Risk Perception and Predator Acceptance

BioScience, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 68(8), P. 577 - 584

Published: May 22, 2018

Public tolerance toward predators is fundamental in their conservation and highly driven by people's perception of the risk they may pose. Although predator attacks on humans are rare, create lasting media attention, way covers them might affect perception. Understanding how mass presents this can will provide insights into potential strategies to improve coexistence with these species. We collected reports examined content. Almost half (41.5%) analyzed contained graphic elements. Differences framing between species groups or were found, sharks leopards having highest proportion reports, whereas canids bears had number neutral reports. This bias coverage, instead providing causes incidents possible remedies, provoke fear decrease support for conservation.

Language: Английский

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Spatio-temporal patterns of attacks on human and economic losses from wildlife in Chitwan National Park, Nepal

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. e0195373 - e0195373

Published: April 19, 2018

Wildlife attacks on humans and economic losses often result in reduced support of local communities for wildlife conservation. Information spatial temporal patterns such the highly affected areas contribute designing implementing effective mitigation measures. We analyzed loss humans, livestock property caused by during 1998 to 2016, using victim family's reports Chitwan National Park authorities Buffer Zone User Committees. A total 4,014 incidents were recorded including depredation, damage crop raiding 12 species. In >400,000 US dollar was paid families as a relief over whole period. Most rhino, sloth bear, tiger, elephant, wild boar leopard. significantly higher number conflict rhino elephant observed full moon periods. An increase population did not coincide with an equal rise reported. Underprivileged ethnic attacked more frequently than expected. Number carnivores herbivores differ significantly. insignificant decreasing trend significant variation years. Tiger leopard >90% depredation. Tigers killed both large (cattle buffalo) medium sized (goat, sheep, pig) but mostly livestock. (87%) killing 2012–2016 occurred within stall close (<500m) forest edge. Both percentage households average holding has decreased years buffer zone. Decreased dependency well measures (electric mesh wire fences) have contributed keep control. Strengthening like construction electric or fences predator-proof corrals along educating about behavior timely management problem animals (man-eater rage etc.) will reduce conflict.

Language: Английский

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Can forest fragmentation and configuration work as indicators of human–wildlife conflict? Evidences from human death and injury by wildlife attacks in Nepal

Ecological Indicators, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 80, P. 74 - 83

Published: May 9, 2017

Language: Английский

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Sustaining Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in the Hindu Kush Himalaya

Springer eBooks, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 127 - 165

Published: Jan. 1, 2019

Language: Английский

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Mapping habitat suitability for Asiatic black bear and red panda in Makalu Barun National Park of Nepal from Maxent and GARP models

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: July 8, 2021

Habitat evaluation is essential for managing wildlife populations and formulating conservation policies. With the rise of innovative powerful statistical techniques in partnership with Remote Sensing, GIS GPS techniques, spatially explicit species distribution modeling (SDM) has rapidly grown biology. These models can help us to study habitat suitability at scale range, are particularly useful examining overlapping between sympatric species. Species presence points collected through field observations, conjunction 13 different topographic, vegetation related, anthropogenic, bioclimatic variables, as well a land cover map seven classification categories created by support vector machine (SVM) were used implement Maxent GARP ecological niche models. resulting models, suitable asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) red panda (Ailurus fulgens) Nepal Makalu Barun National Park (MBNP) was predicted. All predictor variables extracted from freely available remote sensing publicly shared government data resources. The modeled results validated using an independent dataset. Analysis regularized training gain showed that three most important environmental distance settlement, elevation, mean annual temperature. accuracy, characterized area under curve, moderate both when (0.791 0.786 panda), but (0.857), high (0.920) used. estimated 716 km2 343 respectively, while determined 1074 714 respectively. predicted 83% 40% habitat, 88% 58% overlapped. exhibited barren covered highest percentage MBNP (36.0%) followed forest (32.6%). Of indicated preferred (63.7% 61.6% Maxent; 59.9% 58.8% GARP). outperformed terms modeling. higher selectivity than panda. We suggest proper management should be given habitats buffer zone. For inaccessible regions, proposed methods promising tools conservation, deserving further popularization.

Language: Английский

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Impact of climate change on distribution of common leopard (Panthera pardus) and its implication on conservation and conflict in Nepal

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(1), P. e12807 - e12807

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Climate change is projected to create alterations in species distributions over the planet. The common leopard (Panthera pardus) serves an important ecological function as a member of big carnivore guild, but little known about how climate may affect their distribution. In this study, we use MaxEnt simulate geographic by illustrating potential present and future ranges utilizing presence records alongside topographic bioclimatic variables based on two shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP2-4.5 SSP5-8.5) scenarios. goals study was look into possible distribution leopards due change, well explore implications for conservation conflict with humans. At present, 4% Nepal found be highly suitable leopards, 43% suitable, 19% marginally 34% unsuitable. A large portion climatically habitat confined non-protected areas, majority encompassed forest land, followed agricultural areas. Elevation, mean temperature driest quarter, annual precipitation, precipitation seasonality were influencing suitability leopard. significant increase observed high mountain region, indicating shift upper elevation areas effects change. We recommend timely management these habitats expand range vulnerable species. same time, combination expanding new poor practices could escalate human-leopard conflict. Therefore, further impact prey proper techniques should prioritized mitigate conflicts.

Language: Английский

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The influence of perceptions and demographic factors on local support for protected areas

Conservation Science and Practice, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 7(3)

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

Abstract Local support for protected areas (PAs) is necessary their long‐term success and important participatory conservation sustainable management of PAs. However, the PAs depends on several factors such as perceived benefits costs from PAs, demographic factors. We carried out 845 household surveys in two Nepal Himalayas a lowland area (Terai). Overall, local people were supportive had high awareness. Decision‐tree analyses revealed that perceptions strongly influenced Among socio‐demographic variables, spatial location, ethnicity, education status recommend focusing mitigating or reducing arise while also providing to people. This should be prioritized distant communities provided least

Language: Английский

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