AJP Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
312(1), P. L1 - L12
Published: Nov. 5, 2016
Acute
lung
injury
(ALI)
is
characterized
by
hypoxemia,
enhanced
permeability
of
the
air-blood
barrier,
and
pulmonary
edema.
Particularly
in
elderly,
ALI
associated
with
increased
morbidity
mortality.
The
reasons
for
this,
however,
are
poorly
understood.
We
hypothesized
that
age-related
changes
structure,
function,
inflammation
lead
to
a
worse
prognosis
ALI.
was
induced
young
(10
wk
old)
old
(18
mo
male
C57BL/6
mice
intranasal
application
2.5
mg
lipopolysaccharide
(LPS)/kg
body
wt
or
saline
(control
mice).
After
24
h,
function
assessed,
lungs
were
either
processed
stereological
inflammatory
analysis,
such
as
bronchoalveolar
lavage
fluid
(BALF)
cytometry
qPCR.
Both
developed
severe
signs
ALI,
including
alveolar
septal
edema
BALF
cells.
However,
pathology
more
pronounced
compared
nearly
sixfold
higher
protein
concentration,
twice
number
neutrophils,
significantly
expression
neutrophil
chemokine
Cxcl1,
adhesion
molecule
Icam-1,
metalloprotease-9,
whereas
tight
junction
occludin
decreased.
LPS
had
thicker
septa
attributable
volumes
interstitial
cells
extracellular
matrix.
Tissue
resistance
elastance
reflected
observed
at
ultrastructural
level
parenchyma
mice.
In
summary,
advanced
age
greater
neutrophilic
inflammation,
leakier
altered
which
line
findings
elderly
patients.
BMJ Open,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
9(1), P. e023191 - e023191
Published: Jan. 1, 2019
To
systematically
examine
the
evidence
of
harms
and
benefits
relating
to
time
spent
on
screens
for
children
young
people's
(CYP)
health
well-being,
inform
policy.Systematic
review
reviews
undertaken
answer
question
'What
is
well-being
effects
screentime
in
adolescents
(CYP)?'
Electronic
databases
were
searched
systematic
February
2018.
Eligible
reported
associations
between
(screentime;
any
type)
health/well-being
outcome
CYP.
Quality
was
assessed
strength
across
evaluated.13
identified
(1
high
quality,
9
medium
3
low
quality).
6
addressed
body
composition;
diet/energy
intake;
7
mental
health;
4
cardiovascular
risk;
fitness;
sleep;
1
pain;
asthma.
We
found
moderately
strong
greater
obesity/adiposity
higher
depressive
symptoms;
moderate
an
association
energy
intake,
less
healthy
diet
quality
poorer
life.
There
weak
with
behaviour
problems,
anxiety,
hyperactivity
inattention,
self-esteem,
psychosocial
health,
metabolic
syndrome,
cardiorespiratory
fitness,
cognitive
development
lower
educational
attainments
poor
sleep
outcomes.
no
or
insufficient
eating
disorders
suicidal
ideation,
individual
risk
factors,
asthma
prevalence
pain.
Evidence
threshold
weak.
that
small
amounts
daily
screen
use
not
harmful
may
have
some
benefits.There
levels
associated
a
variety
CYP,
strongest
adiposity,
unhealthy
diet,
symptoms
guide
policy
safe
CYP
exposure
limited.CRD42018089483.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
115(48), P. 12158 - 12163
Published: Nov. 14, 2018
Significance
The
presence
of
extracellular
miRNAs
in
body
fluids
has
been
exploited
as
a
brand-new
source
biomarkers
for
different
diseases.
A
fraction
those
miRNAs,
contained
vesicles
and
exosomes,
are
additionally
being
revealed
novel
mediators
intercellular
communication.
Here,
we
show
that
systemic
injection
exosomes
transfected
with
synthetic
simulating
enriched
the
plasma
obese
mice
robustly
induces
glucose
intolerance,
adipose
inflammation,
hepatic
steatosis
lean
mice.
These
results
support
role
exosomal
modulation
lipid
metabolism
may
help
us
uncover
thus
far
unexplored
pathological
mechanisms
provide
therapeutic
targets.
Biology Letters,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
14(6), P. 20180236 - 20180236
Published: June 1, 2018
Macroalgae
form
the
most
extensive
and
productive
benthic
marine
vegetated
habitats
globally
but
their
inclusion
in
Blue
Carbon
(BC)
strategies
remains
controversial.
We
review
arguments
offered
to
reject
or
include
macroalgae
BC
framework,
identify
challenges
that
have
precluded
from
being
incorporated
so
far.
Evidence
support
significant
carbon
burial
is
compelling.
The
they
supply
sediment
stocks
angiosperm
already
included
current
assessments,
are
de
facto
recognized
as
important
donors
of
BC.
key
(i)
documenting
macroalgal
sequestered
beyond
habitat,
(ii)
tracing
it
back
source
habitats,
(iii)
showing
management
actions
at
habitat
lead
increased
sequestration
sink
site.
These
apply
equally
exported
coastal
habitats.
Because
large
support,
incorporation
into
accounting
an
imperative.
This
requires
a
paradigm
shift
procedures
well
developing
methods
enable
capacity
trace
donor
ocean.
Nucleic Acids Research,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
45(1), P. 496 - 508
Published: Oct. 19, 2016
Despite
the
extensive
use
of
Saccharomyces
cerevisiae
as
a
platform
for
synthetic
biology,
strain
engineering
remains
slow
and
laborious.
Here,
we
employ
CRISPR/Cas9
technology
to
build
cloning-free
toolkit
that
addresses
commonly
encountered
obstacles
in
metabolic
engineering,
including
chromosomal
integration
locus
promoter
selection,
well
protein
localization
solubility.
The
includes
23
Cas9-sgRNA
plasmids,
37
promoters
various
strengths
temporal
expression
profiles,
10
protein-localization,
degradation
solubility
tags.
We
facilitated
these
parts
via
web-based
tool,
automates
generation
DNA
fragments
integration.
Our
system
builds
upon
existing
gene
editing
methods
thoroughness
with
which
are
standardized
characterized,
types
number
available
ease
our
methodology
can
be
used
perform
genetic
edits
yeast.
demonstrated
applicability
this
by
optimizing
challenging
but
industrially
important
enzyme,
taxadiene
synthase
(TXS).
This
approach
enabled
us
diagnose
an
issue
TXS
solubility,
resolution
yielded
25-fold
improvement
production.
Bioscience Reports,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
38(4)
Published: July 24, 2018
Chitinases
catalyze
the
degradation
of
chitin,
a
ubiquitous
polymer
generated
from
cell
walls
fungi,
shells
crustaceans,
and
cuticles
insects.
They
are
gaining
increasing
attention
in
medicine,
agriculture,
food
drug
industries,
environmental
management.
Their
roles
chitin
for
production
industrially
useful
products
control
fungal
pathogens
insect
pests
render
them
attractive
such
purposes.
However,
chitinases
have
diverse
sources,
characteristics,
mechanisms
action
that
seem
to
restrain
optimization
procedures
standardization
techniques
enhanced
practical
applications
complex.
Hence,
results
laboratory
trials
not
usually
consistent
with
real-life
applications.
With
growing
field
protein
engineering,
these
complexities
can
be
overcome
by
modifying
or
redesigning
enhance
specific
features
required
In
this
review,
variations
limit
their
exploitation
biotechnological
compiled.
Recent
attempts
engineer
improved
efficiency
also
highlighted.
Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
284(1855), P. 20170546 - 20170546
Published: May 24, 2017
Vertebrates
have
evolved
to
gigantic
sizes
repeatedly
over
the
past
250
Myr,
reaching
their
extreme
in
today's
baleen
whales
(Mysticeti).
Hypotheses
for
evolution
of
exceptionally
large
size
mysticetes
range
from
niche
partitioning
predator
avoidance,
but
there
has
been
no
quantitative
examination
body
evolutionary
dynamics
this
clade
and
it
remains
unclear
when,
why
or
how
gigantism
evolved.
By
fitting
phylogenetic
macroevolutionary
models
a
dataset
consisting
living
extinct
species,
we
show
that
underwent
clade-wide
shift
mode
during
Plio-Pleistocene.
This
transition,
Brownian
motion-like
trended
random
walk
towards
larger
size,
is
temporally
linked
onset
seasonally
intensified
upwelling
along
coastal
ecosystems.
High
prey
densities
resulting
wind-driven
upwelling,
rather
than
abundant
resources
alone,
are
primary
determinant
efficient
foraging
extant
Late
Pliocene
changes
ocean
may
provided
an
ecological
pathway
multiple
independent
lineages.
Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
284(1852), P. 20170095 - 20170095
Published: April 12, 2017
The
evolution
of
ant
agriculture,
as
practised
by
the
fungus-farming
'attine'
ants,
is
thought
to
have
arisen
in
wet
rainforests
South
America
about
55-65
Ma.
Most
subsequent
attine
agricultural
evolution,
including
domestication
event
that
produced
ancestor
higher
cultivars,
likewise
hypothesized
occurred
American
rainforests.
'out-of-the-rainforest'
hypothesis,
while
generally
accepted,
has
never
been
tested
a
phylogenetic
context.
It
also
presents
problem
for
explaining
how
fungal
might
occurred,
given
isolation
from
free-living
populations
required.
Here,
we
use
phylogenomic
data
ultra-conserved
element
(UCE)
loci
reconstruct
evolutionary
history
reduce
topological
uncertainty,
and
identify
closest
non-fungus-growing
relative.
Using
phylogeny
infer
systems,
habitat
preference
biogeography.
Our
results
show
out-of-the-rainforest
hypothesis
correct
with
regard
origin
agriculture;
however,
contrary
expectation,
find
transition
lower
agriculture
very
likely
seasonally
dry
habitat,
inhospitable
growth
cultivars.
We
suggest
habitats
favoured
cultivars
over
time
spans
necessary
occur.
Journal of Cell Science,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
130(14), P. 2243 - 2250
Published: June 24, 2017
ABSTRACT
Cells
are
constantly
subjected
to
a
spectrum
of
mechanical
cues,
such
as
shear
stress,
compression,
differential
tissue
rigidity
and
strain,
which
they
adapt
by
engaging
mechanisms
mechanotransduction.
While
the
central
role
cell
adhesion
receptors
in
this
process
is
established,
it
has
only
recently
been
appreciated
that
cues
reach
far
beyond
plasma
membrane
cytoskeleton,
directly
transmitted
nucleus.
Furthermore,
changes
properties
perinuclear
nuclear
lamina
chromatin
critical
for
cellular
responses
adaptation
external
cues.
In
respect,
dynamic
surrounding
cytoskeleton
modify
nucleus,
thereby
protecting
genetic
material
from
damage.
The
importance
mechanism
highlighted
debilitating
diseases,
termed
laminopathies,
result
impaired
mechanoresistance
lamina.
What
less
evident,
represents
one
exciting
emerging
concepts,
itself
an
active
rheological
element
undergoes
upon
application
force,
facilitating
adaption
force
environments.
This
Review
aims
highlight
these
concepts
discussing
latest
literature
area
proposing
integrative
model
cytoskeletal
chromatin-mediated
stress.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
115(37), P. 9181 - 9186
Published: Aug. 20, 2018
Significance
National
debates
over
heavy-handed
police
tactics,
including
so-called
“militarized”
policing,
are
often
framed
as
a
trade-off
between
civil
liberties
and
public
safety,
but
the
costs
benefits
of
controversial
practices
remain
unclear
due
to
data
limitations.
Using
an
array
administrative
sources
original
experiments
I
show
that
militarized
“special
weapons
tactics”
(SWAT)
teams
more
deployed
in
communities
color,
and—contrary
claims
by
administrators—provide
no
detectable
terms
officer
safety
or
violent
crime
reduction,
on
average.
However,
survey
suggest
seeing
news
reports
erodes
opinion
toward
law
enforcement.
Taken
together,
these
findings
curtailing
policing
may
be
interest
both
citizens.
Clinical Cancer Research,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
25(16), P. 5107 - 5121
Published: June 4, 2019
Small-cell
lung
cancer
(SCLC)
has
been
treated
clinically
as
a
homogeneous
disease,
but
recent
discoveries
suggest
that
SCLC
is
heterogeneous.
Whether
metabolic
differences
exist
among
subtypes
largely
unexplored.
In
this
study,
we
aimed
to
determine
whether
vulnerabilities
between
can
be
therapeutically
exploited.We
performed
steady
state
metabolomics
on
tumors
isolated
from
distinct
genetically
engineered
mouse
models
(GEMM)
representing
the
MYC-
and
MYCL-driven
of
SCLC.
Using
genetic
pharmacologic
approaches,
validated
our
findings
in
chemo-naïve
-resistant
human
cell
lines,
multiple
GEMMs,
four
line
xenografts,
newly
derived
PDX
models.We
discover
driven
by
different
MYC
family
members
have
profiles.
MYC-driven
preferentially
depends
arginine-regulated
pathways
including
polyamine
biosynthesis
mTOR
pathway
activation.
Chemo-resistant
cells
exhibit
increased
expression
similar
liabilities
cells.
Arginine
depletion
with
pegylated
arginine
deiminase
(ADI-PEG
20)
dramatically
suppresses
tumor
growth
promotes
survival
mice
specifically
tumors,
patient-derived
xenograft
relapsed
patient.
Finally,
ADI-PEG
20
significantly
more
effective
than
standard-of-care
chemotherapy.These
data
identify
heterogeneity
within
deprivation
subtype-specific
therapeutic
vulnerability
for