The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 850, P. 157772 - 157772
Published: Aug. 5, 2022
Language: Английский
Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9
Published: Sept. 25, 2018
The rumen is a complex ecosystem composed of anaerobic bacteria, protozoa, fungi, methanogenic archaea and phages. These microbes interact closely to breakdown plant material that inedible for humans, whilst providing metabolic energy the host producing methane. Consequently, ruminants produce meat milk, which are rich in high quality protein, vitamins minerals therefore contribute food security. As world population predicted reach approximately 9.7 billion by 2050, ruminant production has increase satisfy global protein demand, despite limited land availability, ensuring environmental impact minimised. goals can be met deepening our understanding microbiome. Attempts manipulate microbiome benefit agricultural challenges have been ongoing decades with success, mostly due lack detailed this ability culture most these outside rumen. potential meet livestock through animal breeding introduction dietary interventions during early life recently emerged as promising new technologies. Our inability phenotype high-throughput manner also hampered progress, although recent 'omic' data may allow further development mathematical models microbial gene biomarkers proxies. Advances computational tools, sequencing technologies cultivation-independent 'omics' approaches continue revolutionise This will ultimately provide knowledge framework needed solve current future challenges.
Language: Английский
Citations
358
animal, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 12, P. s399 - s418
Published: Jan. 1, 2018
Due to their high energy requirements, high-yielding dairy cows receive high-grain diets. This commonly jeopardises gastrointestinal health by causing subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) and hindgut acidosis. These disorders can disrupt nutrient utilisations, impair the functionalities of microbiota, reduce absorptive barrier capacities epithelia. They also trigger inflammatory responses. The symptoms SARA are not only due a depressed rumen pH. Hence, diagnosis this disorder based solely on reticulo-rumen pH values is inaccurate. An accurate requires combination clinical examinations cows, including blood, milk, urine faeces parameters, as well analyses herd management feed quality, dietary contents NDF, starch physical effective NDF. Grain-induced increases acidity shifts availabilities substrates for microorganisms in result dysbiotic microbiota that characterised low richness, diversity functionality. Also, amylolytic become more dominant at expense proteolytic fibrolytic ones. Opportunistic take advantage newly available niches, which, combined with reduced epithelia, contribute an overall reduction utilisation increasing endotoxins pathogens digesta faeces. function epithelia translocation these other immunogenic compounds out digestive tract, which may be cause inflammations. needs confirmed determining toxicity compounds. Cows differ susceptibility poor health, variations genetics, feeding history, diet adaptation, metabolic stress infections. differences offer opportunities health. Strategies prevent include balancing fibre, non-fibre carbohydrates starch, managing different fractions carbohydrates, consideration type processing grain forage digestibility. Gastrointestinal attenuated variety supplements additives, buffers, antibiotics, probiotics/direct fed microbials yeast products. However, efficacy strategies must improved. better understanding mechanisms through affect functionality immunity, inflammation 'gastrointestinal-health robustness' cows. More representative models induce needed.
Language: Английский
Citations
172
Metabolites, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(6), P. 108 - 108
Published: June 6, 2019
Metabolomics is one of the latest omics technologies that has been applied successfully in many areas life sciences. Despite being relatively new, a plethora publications over years have exploited opportunities provided through this data and question driven approach. Most importantly, metabolomics studies produced great breakthroughs biomarker discovery, identification novel metabolites more detailed characterisation biological pathways organisms. However, translation research outcomes into clinical tests user-friendly interfaces hindered due to factors, some which outlined hereafter. This position paper summary discussion on translational undertaken during peer session Australian New Zealand Conference (ANZMET 2018) held Auckland, Zealand. Here, we discuss key including existing challenges suggested solutions, as well how expand industrial application metabolomics. In addition, share our perspective full capability can be explored.
Language: Английский
Citations
170
animal, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 14, P. s78 - s86
Published: Jan. 1, 2020
The rumen contains a great diversity of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms that allow the ruminant to utilize ligno-cellulose material convert non-protein nitrogen into microbial protein obtain energy amino acids. However, fermentation also has potential deleterious consequences associated with emissions greenhouse gases, excessive excreted in manure may adversely influence nutritional value products. While several strategies for optimizing use by ruminants have been suggested, better understanding key involved their activities is essential manipulate processes successfully. Diet most obvious factor influencing microbiome fermentation. Among dietary interventions, ban antimicrobial growth promoters animal production systems led an increasing interest plant extracts rumen. Plant (e.g. saponins, polyphenol compounds, oils) shown decrease methane improve efficiency utilization; however, there are limitations such as inconsistency, transient adverse effects feed additives ruminants. It proved host population both heritable trait through effect early-life nutrition on structure function adult Recent developments allowed phylogenetic information be upscaled metabolic information; research effort cultivation in-depth study characterization needed. introduction integration metagenomic, transcriptomic, proteomic metabolomic techniques offering greatest reaching truly systems-level rumen; studies focused broader approach needs considered.
Language: Английский
Citations
167
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 113, P. 273 - 286
Published: Jan. 23, 2020
The study of animal emotion, as with its human equivalent, can be confusing due to the complicated and inconsistent use terminology, number interlinked fields topics it encompasses. With this review, we aim provide an up-to-date and, best our knowledge, complete overview field especially intended for new-comers who wish get a grasp field. We start by tackling terminology proposing definitions commonly used terms, present different frameworks emotion. Here, heavily draw from literature, emotion are derived originally research. follow-up current methodologies in particular valence dimension include some associated limitations linked these methodologies. end pointing out key areas future
Language: Английский
Citations
157
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 119(7)
Published: Feb. 7, 2022
Although they are staple foods in cuisines globally, many commercial fruit varieties have become progressively less flavorful over time. Due to the cost and difficulty associated with flavor phenotyping, breeding programs long been challenged selecting for this complex trait. To address issue, we leveraged targeted metabolomics of diverse tomato blueberry accessions their corresponding consumer panel ratings create statistical machine learning models that can predict sensory perceptions flavor. Using these models, a program assess large number genotypes, previously limited by low throughput panels. The ability liking, sweet, sour, umami, intensity was evaluated 10-fold cross-validation, accuracies 18 different were assessed. prediction high most attributes ranged from 0.87 sourness using XGBoost 0.46 overall liking linear regression. Further, best-performing used infer compounds (sugars, acids, volatiles) contribute each attribute. We found variance decomposition score estimates 42% 56% explained volatile organic blueberry, respectively. expect will enable an earlier incorporation as targets encourage selection release more varieties.
Language: Английский
Citations
130
Cell Reports Methods, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3(1), P. 100383 - 100383
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
Multi-omics data integration via mechanistic models of metabolism is a scalable and flexible framework for exploring biological hypotheses in microbial systems. However, although most microorganisms are unculturable, such multi-omics modeling limited to isolate microbes or simple synthetic communities. Here, we developed an approach activity interactions that leverages the reconstruction metagenome-assembled genomes associated genome-centric metatranscriptomes. At its core, designed method condition-specific metabolic communities through metatranscriptomic data. Using this approach, explored behavior anaerobic digestion consortia driven by hydrogen availability human gut microbiota dysbiosis with Crohn's disease, identifying condition-dependent amino acid requirements archaeal species reduced short-chain fatty exchange network respectively. Our can be applied complex communities, allowing contextualization on metagenome scale.
Language: Английский
Citations
44
Reviews in Aquaculture, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 261 - 282
Published: Nov. 29, 2018
Abstract Aquaculture is facing a strategic challenge to improve feed suitability and support the global increase in fish production. Improvements diet formulation for sustainable nutritional strategies have focused date on partial substitution of marine resources by plant but will now include other alternative feedstuffs. Growth trials body composition data provide valuable indicators status, while omics technologies may contribute better understanding nutrition help demonstrate how nutrients act metabolism. Metabolomic approaches give an insight into metabolism through non‐targeted analysis metabolites tissues or biofluids that involve multiple factors affecting fish, such as nutrition. In this review, we highlight outcomes publications metabolomics applied We explain concept discuss specific technical considerations related sample type, sampling preparation. show metabolomic studies elucidate impact fillet Finally, describe potential applications non‐invasive monitoring status.
Language: Английский
Citations
139
Metabolites, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(6), P. 233 - 233
Published: June 5, 2020
From an animal health perspective, relatively little is known about the typical or healthy ranges of concentrations for many metabolites in bovine biofluids and tissues. Here, we describe results a comprehensive, quantitative metabolomic characterization six tissues, including serum, ruminal fluid, liver, Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle, semimembranosus (SM) testis Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), inductively coupled plasma–mass (ICP–MS), were able to identify quantify more than 145 each these biofluids/tissues. Combining with previous work done by our team on other biofluids, as well previously published literature values tissues generate reference concentration data 2100 unique across five different seven These experimental combined computer-aided, genome-scale metabolite inference techniques add another 48,628 that are biochemically expected be biofluids. Altogether, 51,801 identified this study. Detailed information has been placed publicly available database called Bovine Metabolome Database.
Language: Английский
Citations
95
Journal of Clinical Pathology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 74(6), P. 344 - 349
Published: Aug. 7, 2020
The COVID-19 (caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)) epidemic started in Wuhan (Hubei Province, China) mid-December 2019 and quickly spread across the world as a pandemic. As key to tracing disease implement strategies aimed at breaking chain of transmission, extensive testing for SARS-CoV-2 was suggested. Although nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs are most commonly used biological samples diagnosis, they have number limitations related sample collection healthcare personnel safety. In this context, saliva is emerging promising alternative diagnosis monitoring. Saliva collection, being non-invasive approach with possibility self-collection, circumvents great extent associated use swabs. addition, various salivary biomarkers including metabolomics offer high promise be useful better understanding possibly identification patients degrees severity, asymptomatic carriers. This review summarises clinical scientific basis potential Additionally, we discuss saliva-based their research applications COVID-19.
Language: Английский
Citations
86