Differences in inhibitory control and motor fitness in children practicing open and closed skill sports

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Feb. 17, 2021

The aim of the present study was to investigate differences between types sport (i.e., closed vs. open skills sport) on inhibitory control and motor fitness in children. Forty-nine children were allocated into three groups based their sports participation, which comprised an skill group, a sedentary group. Participants tested cognitive performance (inhibitory by Flanker task) (reaction time, speed, agility, power, balance). Open group appeared display higher (response time accuracy incongruent condition power) than whereas its superiority over found only speed agility. Moreover, had better reaction Our data supports framework according demands complex actions may contribute explain beneficial effects exercise control. This might suggest that complexity environment (typical sports) training is performed plays key role for both development

Language: Английский

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Neighborhood poverty predicts altered neural and behavioral response inhibition

NeuroImage, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 209, P. 116536 - 116536

Published: Jan. 11, 2020

Socioeconomic disadvantage during childhood is associated with a myriad of negative adult outcomes. One mechanism through which undermines positive outcomes may be by disrupting the development self-control. The goal present study was to examine pathways from three key indicators socioeconomic - low family income, maternal education, and neighborhood poverty neural behavioral measures response inhibition. We utilized data representative cohort 215 twins (ages 7-18 years, 70% male) oversampled for exposure disadvantage, who participated in Michigan Twins Neurogenetics Study (MTwiNS), within State University Twin Registry (MSUTR). Our child-friendly Go/No-Go task activated bilateral inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), activation this predicted inhibition performance, extending prior work on adults youth. Critically, we also found that poverty, assessed via geocoding, but not income or IFG activation, finding replicated an independent sample disadvantaged Further, performance its effect activation. These results provide first mechanistic evidence contexts undermine self-control their brain. broader neighborhood, beyond familial contexts, critically important association, suggesting home have profound effects developing brain behaviors critical future health, wealth, wellbeing.

Language: Английский

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Cognitive stimulation as a mechanism linking socioeconomic status and neural function supporting working memory: a longitudinal fMRI study

Cerebral Cortex, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(2)

Published: Jan. 17, 2024

Abstract Childhood experiences of low socioeconomic status are associated with alterations in neural function the frontoparietal network and ventral visual stream, which may drive differences working memory. However, specific features environments that contribute to these disparities remain poorly understood. Here, we examined cognitive deprivation (i.e. decreased variety complexity experience), as opposed threat violence exposure), a potential mechanism through family income contributes activation during As part longitudinal study, 148 youth between aged 10 13 years completed visuospatial memory fMRI task. Early childhood income, chronicity early childhood, current income-to-needs were task-related stream network. The association lateral occipital cortex intraparietal sulcus was mediated by deprivation. Surprisingly, however, not significantly related performance, only academic achievement this sample. Taken together, findings suggest life important factors supporting

Language: Английский

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A Systematic Overview of Meta-Analyses on Socioeconomic Status, Cognitive Ability, and Achievement: The Need to Focus on Specific Pathways

Psychological Reports, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 125(1), P. 55 - 97

Published: Dec. 24, 2020

Meta-analyses on the relation between socioeconomic status (SES) and performance measures of cognitive ability achievement arrive at same general conclusion a small to medium association. Advancements in methods make possible for meta-analyses examine specific pathways linking SES achievement, as well moderators these pathways. In this study, we conducted systematic overview address three research questions: 1) what is direction overall strength association how precise are effect sizes reported? 2) extent have examined moderation by components SES, age, sex, race/ethnicity? 3) mechanisms achievement? We search using online archives (i.e., PsycINFO, ERIC, PubMed, Sociological Abstracts, Web Science), searching issues Psychological Bulletin Review Educational Research, examining references citations. identified 14 published 1982 2019. These consistently reported positive associations magnitude, indicating that meaningful contributor development achievement. Fewer evidence race/ethnicity. None directly mechanisms, but provided future research. suggest can increase their contribution research, interventions, policy narrowing focus

Language: Английский

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Beyond cognitive deficits: how social class shapes social cognition

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 27(6), P. 528 - 538

Published: April 6, 2023

Language: Английский

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Structural and functional brain correlates of socioeconomic status across the life span: A systematic review

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 162, P. 105716 - 105716

Published: May 9, 2024

Language: Английский

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Effects of Active Outdoor Play on Preschool Children’s on-Task Classroom Behavior

Early Childhood Education Journal, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 49(3), P. 463 - 471

Published: July 21, 2020

Language: Английский

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The mediating role of executive function between socioeconomic status and academic achievement: A meta-analytic structural equation model

Learning and Individual Differences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 110, P. 102418 - 102418

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Associations of socioeconomic status with cognitive function, language ability, and academic achievement in youth: a systematic review of mechanisms and protective factors

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 3, 2024

Low socioeconomic status (SES) is negatively associated with children's cognitive and academic performance, leading to long‐term educational economic disparities. In particular, SES a powerful predictor of executive function (EF), language ability, achievement. Despite extensive research documenting SES‐related differences in these domains, our understanding the mechanisms underlying associations factors that may mitigate relationships limited. This systematic review aimed identify mediators moderators association EF, Our synthesis revealed stress, support, stimulation, broader contextual at school‐ neighborhood level be important protective associations. stimulation mediated Educational expectations, classroom school environment, teacher–student also played key role addition, such as preschool attendance, home learning activities, parental support buffered between low lower outcomes. We discuss findings context interventions help reduce

Language: Английский

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Examining Potential Mediators of the Relationship Between Developmental Language Disorder and Executive Function Performance in Preschoolers

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 13

Published: March 12, 2025

Purpose: The goal of this study was to examine potential mediators the relationship between developmental language disorder (DLD) status and executive function performance. Method: Participants included preschoolers, whom 80 met diagnostic criteria for DLD 103 were categorized as having typical abilities. Participants' nonverbal IQ receptive vocabulary assessed via standardized tests, their tested using Dimensional Change Card Sort. Maternal education collected caregiver report served a measure socioeconomic (SES). Results: Group comparisons confirmed that participants with had lower scores, SES relative peers language. Additionally, these variables significantly positively correlated. Multiple mediation analyses indicated both significant partial effect on scores. However, direct remained in model covaried maternal education. Conclusions: differences can partially explain why children tend have scores even after accounting mediators, there is significant, large performance, which suggests groups' difference functioning not fully explained by other variables.

Language: Английский

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