South America climate change revealed through climate indices projected by GCMs and Eta-RCM ensembles

Climate Dynamics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 58(1-2), P. 459 - 485

Published: Aug. 23, 2021

Language: Английский

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Monograph of wild and cultivated chili peppers (Capsicum L., Solanaceae)

PhytoKeys, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 200, P. 1 - 423

Published: June 14, 2022

Capsicum L. (tribe Capsiceae, Solanaceae) is an American genus distributed ranging from the southern United States of America to central Argentina and Brazil. The includes chili peppers, bell ajíes, habaneros, jalapeños, ulupicas pimientos, well known for their economic importance around globe. Within Solanaceae, can be recognised by its shrubby habit, actinomorphic flowers, distinctive truncate calyx with or without appendages, anthers opening longitudinal slits, nectaries at base ovary variously coloured usually pungent fruits. highest diversity this located along northern Andes. Although has been extensively studied great advances have made in understanding taxonomy relationships amongst species, there no monographic treatment as a whole. Based on morphological molecular evidence field herbarium specimens, we present here comprehensive taxonomic genus, including updated information about morphology, anatomy, karyology, phylogeny distribution. We recognise 43 species five varieties, C.mirum Barboza, sp. nov. São Paulo State, Brazil new combination C.muticum (Sendtn.) comb. nov.; these taxa are cultivated worldwide (C.annuumL.var.annuum, C.baccatumL.var.pendulum (Willd.) Eshbaugh, C.baccatumL.var.umbilicatum (Vell.) Hunz. & C.chinense Jacq. C.frutescens L.). Nomenclatural revision 265 names attributed peppers resulted 89 lectotypifications neotypifications. Identification keys detailed descriptions, maps illustrations all provided.

Language: Английский

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Human disturbance is the major driver of vegetation changes in the Caatinga dry forest region

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Oct. 27, 2023

Abstract Drastic changes in vegetation structure caused by exceeding ecological thresholds have fueled the interest tropical forest responses to climate and land-use changes. Here, we examine potential successional trajectories experienced largest dry region South America, driven conditions human disturbance. We built distribution models for vertebrate taxa associated with or shrub habitats estimate natural cover. Distribution patterns were compared current across entire identify distinct degradation levels. Our results indicate has climatic soil suitable more cover than is currently found, even some areas limited precipitation. However, 11.04% of persists such an immense region, only 4.34% consisting Forest characterized dramatic expansion shrubland (390%), farming, non-vegetation due land-use, rather conditions. Although different been principal drivers seems unable resist consequences changes, particularly lower precipitation areas. Therefore, change exceeded persistence forests, while may exacerbate vegetation-type transitions.

Language: Английский

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Pervasive impacts of climate change on the woodiness and ecological generalism of dry forest plant assemblages

Journal of Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 111(8), P. 1762 - 1776

Published: June 26, 2023

Abstract Climate emergency is a significant threat to biodiversity in the 21st century, but species will not be equally affected. In summing up responses of different at local scale, we can assess changes quantity and composition biotic assemblages. We used more than 420K curated occurrence records 3060 plant model current future patterns distribution one world's largest tropical dry forests—the Caatinga. While allowing extrapolation scenarios, estimated potential richness dryland assemblages response projected climate change, assessed how ecological generalism woodiness impacted by crisis. More 99% were lose 2060, with homogenisation—the decrease spatial beta diversity—forecasted 40% The replacement narrow‐range woody wide‐range non‐woody ones should impact least 90% Caatinga exacerbated loss was connected heterogenisation homogenisation Still, magnitude change impacts on differ according direction process. Synthesis . increase aridity forest decreasing vegetation diversity complexity. indicate erosion ecosystem services linked biomass productivity carbon storage. highlight importance long‐term conservation planning for maintaining forests.

Language: Английский

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Resprouting drives successional pathways and the resilience of Caatinga dry forest in human-modified landscapes

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 482, P. 118881 - 118881

Published: Dec. 31, 2020

Language: Английский

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Climate change promotes species loss and uneven modification of richness patterns in the avifauna associated to Neotropical seasonally dry forests

Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 18(1), P. 19 - 30

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

We assessed the effects of global climate change as a driver spatio-temporal biodiversity patterns in bird assemblages associated to Neotropical seasonally dry forests (NSDF). For this, we estimated geographic distribution 719 species under current and future (2050 2070) projections considering two dispersal ability assumptions (contiguous vs. no dispersal). Then, using Sørensen-based multiple-site dissimilarity range-diversity plots analyses, potential changes range size covariance composition, well alpha beta diversities across NSDF within Protected Areas (PAs). Over 77% tended reduce their distributional ranges for years 2050 2070 (regardless scenarios), including several extirpations from NSDF. In fact, contiguous dispersion, observed that, on average, only ∼7% will be favored (increasing >10% areas) by new conditions. general decrease local richness increase Whittaker's diversity PAs scenarios, which is indicative biotic heterogeneity. This scenario suggests that NSDF's avian could prone an uneven structural reorganization (likely decreasing taxonomic similarity between sites) consequence change. Such imply threat conservation birds this highly diverse fragile ecosystem; however, avifauna identified herein can useful guide efforts.

Language: Английский

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Pool complexity and molecular diversity shaped topsoil organic matter accumulation following decadal forest restoration in a karst terrain

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 166, P. 108553 - 108553

Published: Jan. 11, 2022

Fast accumulation of soil organic matter (SOM) following forest restoration shifted from cropland has been widely reported, but how the pools and molecular composition change across aggregate fractions remains unclear. In this study, undisturbed topsoil (0–10 cm) samples were collected a decadal chronosequence stands (RL10, RL20 RL40) restored for 10, 20 40 years maize (CL) abandonment in karst terrain Guizhou, Southwest China. SOM changes explored using size density fractionation water-stable aggregates, 13C isotopic signalling biomarker analyses as well solid-state NMR assays. Compared to that CL, content was increased by 24%, 79% 181%, mass proportion macroaggregates 136%, 179% 250%, particulate (POM) 13%, 108% 382%, respectively at RL10, RL40. With analyses, relative abundances plant-derived organics (lignin, cutin, suberin, wax phytosterols), mostly protected increased, while those microbe-derived OC, predominantly mineral bound, decreased response prolonged restoration. Calculated per Shannon diversity index (H'), pool complexity parallel trend. The ratio POM MAOM (mineral-associated matter) abundance PL (plant-derived lipids) ML (microbe-derived appeared be indicative restoration, OM microbial dominance dominance. Furthermore, great enhancement shaped with complex interactions among plant-microbial-mineral assemblages topsoil. Both should considered addressing carbon sequestration concerning functioning ecosystems services under global pressures.

Language: Английский

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Habitat loss and climate change threaten the survival of endangered Dyckia (Bromeliaceae) species in the Caatinga domain

Plant Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 19, 2025

Language: Английский

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Changing the paradigm for the development of the Caatinga dry forest region to rescue threatened biodiversity and improve sustainability

Conservation Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 39(3)

Published: May 30, 2025

Abstract The Caatinga dry forest in northeastern Brazil represents one of the most species‐rich forests globally. It is densely populated, contains economically undeveloped areas, and harbors increasingly degraded irreplaceable biota. In response to human disturbance, have been replaced by shrubs, desertification expanding. Seedling recruitment reduced, a subset woody plant species resprouted, comprising new growth. proliferation low‐statured individuals disturbance‐adapted depletes forest's capacity retain biodiversity provide key ecosystem services local global relevance. Such widespread habitat degradation driver extinction; 111 vertebrate are already threatened. Conservation plans available for these vertebrates 6 Cactaceae species, but only handful initiatives involving stakeholders (e.g., traditional communities) implemented. mascotization threatened has main approach achieve several conservation goals, including provision economic opportunities locals, particularly via ecotourism. Unfortunately, focused on reconciling with sustainable development poverty alleviation still tied concept better practices support intense exploitation extractivism rather than promoting crop livestock production modern technologies. Reducing or eliminating precondition spare old‐growth thus maintain services, such as soil protection, microclimate control, groundwater recharge, high‐quality species. persistence (rather products) strategic relevance because drylands subject higher aridity associated climate change. We propose multifunctional agricultural landscapes be implemented promote rural development. These should include high cover, integrity, multifunctionality, all which would persistence.

Language: Английский

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Climate change impact assessment on water resources under RCP scenarios: A case study in Mundaú River Basin, Northeastern Brazil

International Journal of Climatology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 41(S1)

Published: July 15, 2020

Abstract Global climate predictions and possible environmental impacts have an increasing source of concern in recent years. Analyses the change scenarios on regional hydrology are required to design effective adaptation strategies for specific river basins. This study focuses assessment future water resources Mundaú River Basin (MRB), Brazil, using Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) Regional Climate Models (RCMs) Eta‐MIROC5 Eta‐HadGEM2, three time periods under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). In general, models predict that MRB will experience significant annual precipitation decreases, between 0.4% (1,087.45 mm) 25.3% (815.59 mm), both (RCP 4.5 RCP 8.5) respectively, when compared observed period (2003–2016). Maximum minimum temperature increases up 2.3°C 0.65°C scenario, 4.3°C 2.2°C 8.5 scenario. SWAT simulations substantial surface runoff decreases with a average value 21.3 mm medium‐term. Additionally, actual evapotranspiration (ET) is predicted decrease from 780.77 648.1 mm, although potential (ET 0 ) expected. streamflow also expected decrease, more severely conditions, reaching drop approximately 66.7% (15.2 m 3 ·s −1 ), (45.5 ). Seasonal models, rainy dry seasons, except medium‐term Eta‐HadGEM2. Although there still some uncertainties associated findings this can assist resource managers management decisions appropriate use, development public policies favour sustainability, adoption mitigation prevention practices ensure security basin.

Language: Английский

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